基于差分进化的离散粒子群算法求解TSP问题

针对TSP问题,结合离散粒子群算法和差分进化算法各自的特点,提出了基于差分进化的离散粒子群算法。该算法先利用差分进化算法的变异、选择算子产生新的群体,再通过离散粒子群算法和交叉及选择算子进行局部搜索。通过对标准的30个城市进行实验,实验结果表明,该优化算法在求解TSP问题上有很好的性能。     

求解旅行商问题的离散型贝壳漫步优化算法*

提出基于离散型贝壳漫步优化算法(DMWO)的旅行商问题(TSP)求解算法.在DMWO的计算框架下构造TSP相应的评估函数及个体差异度量算子.针对离散型算法整体调整容易破坏已形成的较优路径问题,采用简单的2-opt算子进行局部调整,增强算法在求解TSP时的局部搜索能力.实验中采用多组不同规模的标准TSPLIB数据,对比同样采用2-opt算子的萤火虫优化算法和蚁群优化算法,DMWO在稳定性、解的准确性及所需的迭代次数等方面具有更好的性能.     

改进细菌觅食算法求解车间作业调度问题*

针对细菌觅食算法（BFOA）求解高维优化问题时容易陷入局部最优和早熟的问题,引入自适应步长及差分进化算子,并将改进算法用于车间作业调度问题（JSP）中。求解时,设计了一种编码转换方案,从而无须修改BFOA运算规则即可实现对JSP的寻优;同时,采用空闲时间片段优化策略降低了调度问题的复杂性。仿真实验表明,该算法能够跳出局部最优,避免了早熟的问题,调度结果优于原始细菌觅食算法和离散粒子群算法。     

求解TSP问题的自适应离散型布谷鸟算法

对于求解的TSP问题,提出了一种自适应离散型布谷鸟算法（Adaptive Discrete Cuckoo Search,ADCS）。在基于布谷鸟搜索算法（Cuckoo Search,CS）的搜索原理下构造TSP问题的路径求解策略。针对离散型算法整体调整容易破坏已形成的较优路径和随着算法迭代数目增加导致种群多样性下降这两个缺陷,设计了一种针对路径的自适应型局部调整算子和全局随机扰动策略,采用了简单的2-opt优化算子作为局部优化算子以加快算法的收敛速度。最后采用多组不同规模的标准TSPLIB数据与其他的优化算法进行对比实验,结果表明ADCS算法在求解精度和稳定性方面具有优势。     

一种基于近邻策略求TSP问题的改进演化算法

针对贪心演化算法(GEA)在旅行商问题中存在的求解规模小、成功率低的缺点,引入Inver-over倒异算子、贪心算子,改进近邻优化、映射算子、变异算子等策略,提出一种新的改进演化算法来求解中等规模旅行商问题(TSP)。通过仿真实验,验证了该进化算法收敛速度快、求解成功率高的优点,稳定性也更好。     

一种求解TSP问题的演化算法

针对IGT算法在求解旅行商问题(TSP)中存在的求解规模较小、求解成功概率较低等问题,通过改进原有映射算子及Inver-over算子并引入求异算子,提出一种新的求解TSP问题的演化算法。方差对比及T-test结果表明,与IGT算法相比,该算法可以求得概率较高的最优解,且稳定性也更好。     

旅行商问题的一种插入交叉算子

求解TSP问题是遗传算法应用的一个重要领域,其本质是TSP问题中巡回路径编码串的组合最优化问题。对于符号编码方式的遗传算法,通常需要设计特定的交叉算子以提高算法的运行效率和性能。该文针对自然数编码的方式,提出了一种较适合于大规模TSP问题求解的遗传交叉算子:插入交叉(InsertCrossover,简称IX)算子。该算子以优良的交叉策略,保证了算法的快速收敛和全局寻优。仿真实验结果证明,IX算子对于大规模TSP问题具有比较好的性能。     

改进的混沌粒子群算法在TSP中的应用

针对基本粒子群(PSO)算法不能较好地解决旅行商优化问题(TSP),分析了基本粒子群算法的优化机理,在新定义粒子群进化方程中进化算子的基础上利用混沌运动的随机性、遍历性等特点,提出一种结合混沌优化和粒子群算法的改进混沌粒子群算法.该算法对惯性权重进行自适应调整,引入混沌载波调整搜索策略避免陷入局部最优,形成一种同时满足全局和局部寻优搜索的混合离散粒子群算法,使其适合解决TSP此类组合优化问题.利用MATLAB对其进行了仿真.仿真结果说明此算法的搜索精度、收敛速度及优化效率均较优,证明了此算法在TSP中应用的有效性,且为求解TSP提供了一种参考方法.     

求解TSP问题的一种改进的+进制MIMIC算法

十进制MIMIC算法是基于MIMIC二进制编码算法思想的可用来求解TSP的离散分布估计算法。着重考虑该算法在较大规模TSP问题上的算法缺陷,对其编码方式和概率模型进行了改进,提出了新的个体生成策略,在初始化种群阶段使用了贪心算法,在进化过程中引入了杂交算子、变异算子、映射算子、优化算子等演化算子,采用了动态调整方法来确定优势群体的规模。以上改进使得算法在小种群解大规模TSP问题的情况下仍可保持种群的多样性。实验结果表明,改进算法在求解规模、求解质量和寻优速度上都有明显提高。     

一种结合粒子群优化理论改进的郭涛算法及其应用

郭涛算法是目前求解TSP(traveling salesman problem)问题最为高效的进化算法之一。算法中提出一种求解TSP旅行商问题的高效Inver-over算子,该算子使基因序列以一定概率进行自适应的序列倒置,同时具有遗传算法中的变异算子以及杂交算子的特性。对Inver-over算子进行改进,使粒子编码得到更加充分的序列倒置;并引入粒子群优化算法的思想以加快算法收敛速度,提高了郭涛算法求解效率。将改进后的郭涛算法应用于钢卷自动优化组合堆垛问题,实验验证了改进郭涛算法的有效性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.