基于UML技术的水电站厂内经济运行系统设计

针对水电站厂内经济运行系统（EOSHS）软件开发过程的相对独立、软件更新困难而造成重复开发、资源浪费等现象，运用统一建模语言（UML）建立EOSHS的静态模型（用例图、类图、包图）和动态模型（活动图），这些模型不仅可以提高系统开发的质量，也为水电站自动化系统的开发与设计提供了参考。     

通信中间件软件在浙江电网水调自动化系统中的应用

为了满足电网水调自动化系统对实时数据和历史数据通信的需要,开发了适用于水调系统的通信中间件软件.文中介绍了该通信中间件软件的构架、功能,及其在浙江电网水调自动化系统中的安装部署和应用情况.     

基于SOA的水轮发电机组电子诊断系统设计

为了解决水轮发电机组故障诊断过程中存在的效率低、费用高、资源相对缺乏等问题，实现水轮发电机组故障的远程诊断，在面向服务的体系结构（SOA）与Web服务技术的基础上，提出了建立基于SOA的水轮发电机组电子诊断系统的方案，设计了系统的框架，阐述了系统的关键性模块，描述了具体的诊断流程，给出了系统开发实例。该系统能实现服务功能信息和诊断决策信息等的快速传递，动态形成对水电机组的诊断服务网络平台，具有广阔的应用前景。     

防汛数传软件的改造与研制

山西省防汛数据传输网已使用三年，在运行中发现数据传输软件存在以下几个缺点：通用性能差；利用率低；自动化程度不高；模块独立性能弱。为改善该系统性能，扩充统一功能，做了以下几方面改造和研制：（一）软件模块化的改造，增加内存驻留引导和接收中断服务等模块，同时删去了一些不必要的模块。（二）仿多任务环境的研制，采用中断机制及驻留技术；现场的保护与恢复；磁盘读写测试技术；打印机的测试与联接。（三）发送模块参数的引入及其处理技术，信息发送自动化。（四）改造后的软件仍保留原系统的使用价值。同时具有适用范围扩大，接口更灵活等优点。     

安徽花凉亭水库管理一体化信息系统设计与应用

目前诸多水库已建成了自动化管理系统，但由于软件开发厂家、施工时期、开发语言等不同，导致各个软件之间的数据无法互联互通，存在“信息孤岛”，不能最大限度地发挥软件系统的作用。为满足水库管理全过程、全方位、一体化的需要，以安徽花凉亭水库为例，设计了一种基于.NET平台框架，采用B/S结构的水库管理一体化系统。介绍了该系统的设计开发原理、功能开发和系统集成，并提出一体化解决方案。实际运行效果表明，该系统具备通用、适用、易扩展等特点，实现了水库不同时期的全过程管理。     

山东省抗旱信息管理系统设计模式

旱灾是山东省的主要自然灾害之一，旱灾损失居各种自然灾害之首，为此开发了山东省抗旱信息管理系统．首先提出了系统开发的总体目标和设计原则，并说明了系统的硬件环境和软件环境，具体分析了系统的功能和模块，最后阐述了系统开发的技术特点，即：（1）利用控件技术实现系统模块化和工具化；（2）系统在INTERNET／INTRANET上的运行问题．     

基于可编程自动化控制器的水轮机调速器初探

基于可编程自动化控制器（PAC）Wincon8000的水轮机调速器拟将先进的可编程自动化控制器（PAC）Wincon8000引入到水轮机调节领域，作为水轮机调速器的硬件核心，利用计数器模块进行频率测量，利用模拟量模块进行接力器位移反馈、电站水头的输入和接力器控制量输出等，利用开关量模块进行各种指令的接收和状态输出等，采用VB．NET开发其控制软件。该调速器可以极大地提高运行稳定性、可靠性和调节品质，并提高水电站的自动化水平。     

变电站综合自动化系统

本文着重介绍了适用于各类变电站的综合自动化系统。系统采用功能模块化结构，各功能块都有独立的CPU，硬件和软件均独立于其他功能，各功能模块之间互不联系，互不影响，用户可根据不同的功能要求选用不同的模块结构。     

虚拟现实技术在水情水调中的应用

通过对水情水调系统中工况监视模块的任务分析，提出在该部分采用虚拟现实技术，构建相应的三维仿真系统。根据数字高程模型（DEM）、计算机辅助设计（CAD）图、实景照片等数据建立三维模型，基于开源项目开发场景编辑软件和实时运行系统，实时运行系统使用OpenSceneGraph来管理场景和实时渲染，重点解决大地形建模和水流流态的模拟技术，达到了较好的应用效果。     

基于ESB的配电网自动化及管理系统信息集成

为实现配电网运行监控及管理的自动化、信息化，需要全面的信息集成。针对配电网自动化及管理系统的多源信息集成，分析了企业配电网管理相关系统间的信息交换方式，并对系统信息集成架构进行设计，提出了一种基于企业服务总线（ESB）的信息集成方案，符合IEC 61968标准提出的利用抽象中间件服务来支持企业配电网管理的多种分布式软件应用系统的应用间集成的思路，指出建立基于面向服务体系架构（SOA）的电力ESB是目前解决配电网自动化及管理系统信息集成问题的理想方案，这样既可以集成或继承已有的电力系统应用，也可以方便扩充新的业务系统功能，具有良好的动态可伸缩性。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。