石墨烯改性聚丙烯腈基纳米炭纤维的制备及其性能

以氧化石墨为前驱体,采用真空热膨胀还原法获得了功能化的石墨烯材料。以石墨烯为纳米填料,采用静电纺丝法制备了一系列石墨烯改性聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米复合纤维,经进一步预氧化和炭化得到纳米炭纤维。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)、热重(TGA)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了石墨烯对纳米炭纤维的宏观性能与微观结构的影响。结果表明,加入石墨烯后,PAN纳米纤维中分子取向变大,结晶度下降。对氧化、环化和脱氢反应可产生一定的抑制作用,导致预氧化反应程度下降。同时,石墨烯可作为炭化阶段微晶生长的晶核,有利于碳网平面的快速生长。     

聚丙烯腈基纳米炭纤维无纺布的制备与表征

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为先驱体,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂配置质量分数10%的PAN溶液进行静电纺丝,输出电压为18 kV,注射流量为3 mL/h,收丝距离为15 cm,得到纳米PAN纤维无纺布,纤维直径为200nm～280nm,所得纤维布柔软有韧性。随后,无纺布经过280℃氧化交联和850℃氮气气氛热解处理,得到质轻柔软的纳米炭纤维无纺布,直径为100nm～200 nm。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对纳米PAN和炭纤维布的形貌、成分和结构进行了表征。热重(TGA)分析结果表明,PAN基纳米炭纤维最终收率为51%。     

静电纺丝技术制备PAN/Eu(BA)3 phen复合发光纳米纤维与表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备出聚丙烯腈(PAN)/Eu(BA)3phen复合纳米纤维;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征,复合纳米纤维表面光滑,平均直径在400～720nm.荧光光谱和荧光寿命分析表明,复合发光纳米纤维均能发出强的铕离子的特征荧光,具有较高发光效率和色纯度高,且荧光寿命高于稀土配合物.     

静电纺丝法制备聚乳酸纳米纤维及其吸油性能

本文采用静电纺丝法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维毡片,并首次研究了PLA纳米纤维微观结构对材料吸油性能的影响机制。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征显示前驱体溶液浓度对PLA静电纺丝纳米纤维直径具有显著影响,较高的浓度导致纳米纤维直径变大,10wt.%的前驱体溶液浓度可获得直径为50~100nm的均匀纳米纤维。接触角测定发现优化后的PLA纳米纤维材料具有超疏水超亲油特性。系统研究了PLA静电纺丝纳米纤维毡片对柴油、润滑油和植物油的吸附性能,发现PLA静电纺丝纳米纤维对柴油、润滑油和植物油的最大吸油倍率分别达到37、116和51g/g。实验模拟发现所制备的PLA纳米纤维材料具有吸油倍率高,吸水率低和可生物降解等特点,可用于吸附水面溢油。     

二醋酸(SCA)纳米纤维的制备与性能表征

为了研究二醋酸纳米纤维的制备方法和性能,采用静电纺丝技术,选择丙酮和二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,制备出直径分布均匀的SCA纳米纤维膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)及相关软件,分析纳米纤维直径分布及形态;在静电纺电压为16kV、纺丝液质量分数为11%、接收距离(C-SD)为12cm的条件下,纺出连续均匀的纳米纤维,其直径分布在200～300nm之间;对二醋酸纳米纤维膜进行透气性测试发现,纳米纤维膜的透气性与中性定性滤纸的透气性相当.     

静电纺Ag@MOF-5/β-CD抗菌纤维膜的制备及性能

采用水热法制备了金属有机骨架材料(MOF-5)和载银MOF-5(Ag@MOF-5),利用静电纺丝技术制备了具有三维交联网络结构的静电纺β-环糊精(β-CD)、MOF-5/β-CD、Ag@MOF-5/β-CD纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜和能谱(HRTEMEDS)仪、热重分析(TG)仪、万能材料试验机及抑菌圈法对静电纺纤维膜进行了形貌、结构表征及性能测试。结果表明:Ag@MOF-5纳米晶片中均匀负载大量直径为3～5 nm的球状银纳米粒子。静电纺β-CD纤维直径约为500 nm,分布均一,表面光滑平整; MOF-5、Ag@MOF-5加入纺丝液后,纤维直径分布不均,出现大量细丝且更为平直; Ag@MOF-5随成膜物质呈纤维状排列,大部分被成膜物包裹。纤维膜的耐热温度为250℃,MOF-5、Ag@MOF-5的加入不影响β-CD的交联过程、吸水特性及热分解温度; Ag@MOF-5的加入量可达1%(质量分数)且保持静电纺Ag@MOF-5/β-CD纤维膜的力学性能不降低。静电纺MOF-5/β-CD对两种菌的24 h抗菌性能受限,而Ag@MOF-5的加入量为0. 5%(质量分数)时Ag@MOF-5/β-CD的24 h抗菌效果达到良好。     

静电纺丝法制备多孔纳米炭纤维及其电化学性能研究

分别以聚乙烯醇(PVA)/热固性酚醛树脂(PF)/碳酸钾(K2CO3)和PVA/PF的水溶液为纺丝原液,通过静电纺丝、固化和炭化处理制得多孔纳米炭纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、低温氮气吸脱附等对所制多孔炭纳米纤维进行表征,并将所制多孔炭纤维作为模拟电容器电极材料,利用循环伏安和恒电流充放电进行了电化学性能测试。结果表明:纺丝原液中加入K2CO3后所制多孔纳米炭纤维的比表面积增大(从564 m.2g-1提高到668 m.2g-1),电化学性能提高(在电流密度为0.2 A.g-1的情况下,比电容由165 F.g-1提高到178 F.g-1)。     

基于TPEE双组分扭曲螺旋电纺纤维的初探

首先利用静电纺丝法制备了热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)纳米纤维.用扫描电镜(SEM)对纤维的形貌进行了表征,纤维的直径为300～600nm,讨论了纺丝液浓度和纺丝距离对纤维形貌产生的影响.然后在一定的负电压下制备了聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)电纺纳米纤维,发现PBT和PLLA均具有良好的负极可纺...     

M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维静电纺丝和磁性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(Polyvinylpylrrolidone,PVP)和金属盐为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了SrFe12O19/PVP复合纤维前驱体,前驱体经焙烧后得到M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维.通过FTIR、TG/DSC、XRD、SEM和VSM技术对复合纤维前驱体及所制备的M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维进行了表征.结果表明,复合纤维前驱体的直径与溶液中金属盐浓度有关,随盐浓度的升高纤维直径增大;经800℃焙烧2h后,得到纯相M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维,直径在100～150nm,组成纤维的平均晶粒大小约为49nm,且随焙烧温度的升高,晶粒长大;经1000℃焙烧2h后得到的锶铁氧体纤维的磁性能最佳,此时纤维平均直径约为100nm,晶粒尺寸约为61nm,室温下测得的饱和磁化强度为68.5A.m2/kg,矫顽力为503kA/m.     

沥青/聚丙烯腈复合纳米炭纤维无纺布的制备及其电容性能

通过在聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液中添加沥青,经静电纺丝、不熔化和炭化处理后,制备出沥青/聚丙烯腈复合纳米炭纤维无纺布.结果表明,沥青的加入,不仅减小了所制纳米炭纤维的直径、提高了其导电性,而且还增大了纳米炭纤维的比表面积、扩大了孔径分布,有效地改善了纳米炭纤维的容量和倍率性能.当沥青与PAN的质量比为1:1.5时,所得纳米...     

Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5?wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.     

Silver nanoparticles incorporated electrospun silk fibers

We present a simple and mass-producible method of incorporating silver nanoparticles on the surface of electrospun silk non-woven membranes for the fabrication of antimicrobial wound dressings. Nanofibrous silk membranes with fiber diameters of 460 +/- 40 nm were electrospun from an aqueous Bombyx mori fibroin solution. The electrospun membranes incorporating silver nanoparticles were prepared by dipping the membranes in aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution (0.5 or 1.0 wt%) followed by photoreduction. Field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that silver nanoparticles were generated on the electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers as well as inside them. The interaction between the silver nanoparticles and amide groups in the silk fibroin molecules was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.     

Synthesis of ultrafine lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3) fibers via electrospinning

Ultrafine one-dimensional LaFeO₃ nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning utilizing sol-gel precursors. The surface morphology, microstructure and crystal structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The nanofibers with smaller diameter were continuous and uniformly distributed. Typical fiber diameter was between 180 nm and 220 nm and the average diameter was 200 nm. The fibers consisted of many single-crystal LaFeO₃ grains and the grain size was about 20-50 nm. The relationship between the diameter of as-synthesized fibers and the PVP concentration of the precursor was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the PVP concentration had a great impact on the fiber size and 5.89 wt.% PVP concentration in sol-gel precursors was advantageous to the formation of more uniform electrospun composite fibers with smaller diameter.     

Thermally induced porous carbon nanofibers for electrochemical capacitor electrodes from phenylsilane and polyacrylonitrile blend solutions

This work focuses on preparations of porous carbon composite nanofibers (CCNFs) with silicon-containing compounds and the introduction of a high specific surface area through the creation of pores by a simple thermal treatment. Blends of phenylsilane (PS) solutions at various concentrations and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were electrospun into nanofibers. This process was followed by carbonization at 800 °C to create CCNFs with diameters of 60–200 nm and a high specific surface area of over 800 m²/g. The specific capacitance of the electrode in 6 M KOH solution was extraordinarily high (180 F/g).     

Growth of carbon nanostructures on carbonized electrospun nanofibers with palladium nanoparticles

This paper studies the mechanism of the formation of carbon nanostructures on carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles by using different carbon sources. The carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles were produced by carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers including Pd(Ac)(2). Such PAN-based carbon nanofibers were then used as substrates to grow hierarchical carbon nanostructures. Toluene, pyridine and chlorobenzine were employed as carbon sources for the carbon nanostructures. With the Pd nanoparticles embedded in the carbonized PAN nanofibers acting as catalysts, molecules of toluene, pyridine or chlorobenzine were decomposed into carbon species which were dissolved into the Pd nanoparticles and consequently grew into straight carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes or carbon nano-ribbons on the carbon nanofiber substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to capture the mechanism of formation of Pd nanoparticles, regular carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons. It was observed that the Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons were formed on carbonized PAN nanofibers containing Pd-nanoparticle catalyst, and the carbon sources played a crucial role in the formation of different hierarchical carbon nanostructures.     

Statistical optimization of the electrospinning process for chitosan/polylactide nanofabrication using response surface methodology

In this study, chitosan/polylactide (CP) blend solutions in trifluoroacetic acid as a co-solvent with different blend ratio were electrospun. Effects of different CP ratio and process parameters on the diameter of electrospun nanofibers were experimentally investigated. The fiber morphology and the distribution of fiber diameter were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to define and evaluate a quantitative relationship between electrospinning parameters, average fiber diameters and its distribution for each chitosan–polylactide ratio. Applied voltage and polymer solution extrusion rate are the process variables which control the fiber diameter at similar spinning distances (15 cm). Fiber diameter was correlated to these variables by using a second-order polynomial function. The fibers were of diameter ranging from 94 to 389 nm. The predicted fiber diameters were in good agreement with the experimental results. Contour plots were obtained to identify the processing variables suitable for producing nanofibers. It was concluded that ratio of polylactide and chitosan in the blend polymer played an important role to the diameter of fibers and standard deviation of fiber diameter. The processing factors were found statistically significant in the production of nanofibers.     

Characterization of polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofiber mats via electron beam processing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of electron beam irradiation to drive stabilization reactions within PAN nanofiber mats to obtain carbon nanofiber mats. PAN nanofiber mats with fiber diameters of 300-400 nm were prepared via an electrospinning method. Electrospun PAN nanofiber mats were stabilized by electron beam irradiation with various doses up to 5,000 kGy. Using the irradiation-stabilized PAN nanofiber mats, carbon nanofibers were obtained by pyrolysis in a tube furnace for 1 h at 1,000 degrees C under an N2 atmosphere. FT-IR analysis indicated that the transformation of C[triple bond]N groups to C==N groups was accelerated by electron beam stabilization. The thermal behavior of the PAN nanofiber mats was studied using DSC and TGA. DSC thermograms showed that the peak temperatures of the exothermic reactions were found to decrease with increasing electron beam irradiation doses. Irradiation-stabilized PAN nanofiber mats were not observed to dramatically decrease in weight between 290 degrees C and 320 degrees C, an observation presumed to be related to cyclization. The char yields of PAN were found to increase with increasing irradiation doses.     

Catalytic graphitization and formation of macroporous-activated carbon nanofibers from salt-induced and H2S-treated polyacrylonitrile

We present here a facile method to produce macroporous-activated carbon nanofibers (AMP-CNFs) by post-treating electrospun cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl₂) containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN/CoCl₂) nanofibers with hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) followed by carbonization. A range of techniques including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy is used to examine and characterize the process. Because of the phase behavior between carbon and cobalt, cobalt particles are formed in the nanofibers, some of which leave the fibers during the heat treatment process leading to macroporous fibrous structures. The number of the macroporous increase significantly with increasing CoCl₂ concentration in the precursor H₂S-treated PAN/CoCl₂ nanofibers. The cobalt phase in the fibers also leads to catalytic graphitization of the carbon nanofibers. The produced AMP-CNFs may be a promising candidates in many applications including anode layer in lithium ion batteries, air and liquid purifiers in filters, as well as in biomedical applications.     

The fabrication and electrochemical properties of electrospun nanofibers of a multiwalled carbon nanotube grafted by chitosan

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grafted by chitosan (CS); the product could disperse well in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution with 2% (v/v) acetic acid solution. Because this product has potential in several biological fields, it was electrospun so as to enlarge the surface area. Raman spectra indicated that the electrospinning process did not severely alter the electron hybridization of carbon atoms within the nanotube framework. Moreover and interestingly, these nanofibers showed a novel sheath-core structure; the outer and inner diameters of these sheath-core nanofibers were about 200?nm and 100?nm, respectively. These nanofibers' electrochemical properties were characterized by detection of hydrogen peroxide and voltammetric responses of potassium ferricyanide. The electrospun fibers' web displayed faster electron transfer kinetics and better electrochemical properties than its cast film, which justified further applications in biological areas.     

聚丙烯腈电纺纤维材料的研究进展

本文综述了静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈纤维材料的研究进展,包括聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备条件、金属氧化物涂覆聚丙烯腈纳米纤维、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的碳化、聚丙烯腈/Ag纳米粒子以及聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管复合静电纺丝,对系列丙烯腈共聚物的静电纺丝研究也进行了总结.