乙草胺在覆膜烟地除草试验示范

本文报道了作者于１９９２年和１９９３年先后在路南、曲靖、嵩明等地使用５０％乙草胺乳油防除覆受苦烟地杂草的试验示范。结果表明，烟苗移栽浇水后使用乙草胺８０－１００毫升／亩，边施药边盖膜，除草效果与施５０％敌草胺粉剂２００克／亩相似，达８０％以上，而使用成本低。     

5%咪草烟在花生田的应用

5％咪草烟在40、60、80、120、160ml／667m^2剂量下对单双子叶杂草防效均比较好，对马唐、稗草、狗尾草等禾本科杂草的总防效在80％～95％，对阔叶杂草的防效在85％-96％，5％咪草烟除草效果和混剂(咪草烟40 灭草敌100ml／667m^2，咪草烟40 烯草酮25ml／667m^2)基本一致。5％咪草烟对花生比较安全，安全剂量在80ml／667m^2以下。     

豆科牧草田的除草剂咪草烟

本文主要报道了咪草烟的特性、除草效果、降解、对后茬作物的影响以及使用疗法.     

云南烟区杂草化学防除技术

烟草大田移栽前和团探期中耕后，采用施田补、广灭灵、大惠利等除草剂防除杂草，通过比较对杂草的防除效果及对烟株的安全性，结果表明；团棵期中耕后施用除草剂较移栽时安全性好，但对杂草的防除效果均低于移栽前施用，其中施田补和广灭灵的效果较大惠利好，对杂草的株防效达70％以上；地膜烟移栽前在墒面湿润条件下施用除草剂，对杂草的防除效果达80％以上，试验中的除草剂单用，仅大惠利、农思它安全性好，施田补和F8426对烟株药害较重，广灭灵有一定药害，但不影响植株正常生长；通过广灭灵和F8426混用、施田补和F8426混用后，提高了除草效果和安全性。     

咪草烟应用技术研究

咪草烟系咪唑啉酮类豆田除草剂，在室内、温室和田间进行了咪草烟活性、安全性和施药条件的试验。在５０￣１００克有效成分／公顷剂量下可有效防除禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草（除铁苋菜和鬼针草）。在温室内５０￣２００克有效成分／公顷对大豆安全，但在大豆三片三出复叶斯后施用易产生药害。咪草烟在土壤中残留时间长，对后茬敏感作物易产生药害，其安全间隔期有待进一步研究。     

咪草烟防除苜蓿田杂草技术初探

咪草因防除苜蓿田杂草，经试验咪草烟用作苜蓿播后苗前土壤处理，对苜蓿药害严重。苗后早期处理使用剂量在1500、1800、2100ml／hm^23个剂量，对苜蓿田反枝苋、稗草、马唐、马齿苋等单双子叶杂草的总防效分别为76％、81％、84％，且在规定剂量内对苜蓿安全。另外，咪草烟对苜蓿田其它主要杂草一播娘蒿也有较好的防效。     

烟嘧黄隆防除玉米田杂草研究

本文报道苏北垦区烟嘧黄隆及其混配剂防除玉米田杂草的效果及其评价。每公顷用烟嘧黄隆３０￣５０克对本地玉田主要禾本科杂草及阔叶杂草均有显著防效。烟唑黄隆与莠去津混用（２０￣３０克＋５００克／公顷）可以提高效果，并减轻对后茬小麦的危害。     

塑料用抑烟剂及抑烟机理的研究进展

综述和分析了近20年来塑料用抑烟剂及抑烟机理的发展概况，其中也包括了笔者的一些科研成果。主要论述了钼化合物、还原偶联抑烟剂、铁化合物、金属氧化物、镁锌复合物、锡酸锌及其他复合抑烟剂等对PVC、苯乙烯系塑料、不饱和聚酯及聚氨酯泡沫塑料的抑烟机理和抑烟效果。当上述抑烟剂在PVC及苯乙烯系塑料中的用量为2％～4％时，材料的生烟量可下降30％～50％。另外还介绍了一些研发中的新型抑烟剂，如某些二元羧酸、酯类及硅胶等。     

聚氯乙烯的抑烟

提出了聚氯乙烯（PVC）抑烟的技术途径,概述了PVC用抑烟剂及其简要作用机理。用于PVC的主要抑烟剂有钼化合物、硼化合物、锡化合物和氧化锌一氧化镁配合物等,一般添加量为2-4phr可使PVC的生烟量降低30％以上,且能适度提高材料的阻燃性。     

三氯杀虫酯烟剂研究

一、前言三氯杀虫酯烟剂是利用高效、低毒、低残留的有机氯杀蚊剂三氯杀虫酯(7504)制成的烟剂(也可以加入一些其它好的杀蚊剂如丙烯菊酯做成混合烟剂)。当烟剂燃烧时生成烟,这些烟是由直径0.3～2.0微米的固体颗粒均匀地分散在空气中形成的气溶胶。杀     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.