转炉炼钢过程静态控制模型的改进

简要介绍了采用统计回归方法建立增量多元回归方程,从而建立达到对冶炼终点进行控制目的的转炉炼钢静态控制模型,并通过采集到的某钢厂120 t转炉的实际生产数据,对模型进行了验证.     

转炉炼钢终点控制技术

概述了转炉炼钢终点控制技术的发展,介绍了人工经验控制、静态控制、动态控制及自动控制的方法,指出采用神经网络、模糊推理、专家系统等多种控制技术的智能型炼钢终点控制技术,是大、中型转炉炼钢终点控制技术的发展方向,确认采用智能型炼钢终点控制技术,可在线准确地预测、检测和控制转炉炼钢终点时的钢水成分和温度,有效缩短冶炼时间,减...     

转炉补吹脱碳升温规律与终点控制研究

对转炉炼钢接近吹炼终点阶段的脱碳升温规律进行了深入研究,并据此建立了转炉补吹模型;采用线性统计回归自适应算法实现转炉补吹模型参数动态修正.结果表明:转炉吹炼后期补吹阶段的总脱碳氧效率与钢水中碳含量呈线性关系,建立的补吹自适应模型在转炉自动化炼钢终点控制中的精度和命中率方面满足了生产需要.     

转炉炼钢的自动化控制技术研究

转炉炼钢自动化控制技术在实施过程中以低能耗、高质量为基础和前提,优化炼钢过程,为稳定钢水温度和质量,提高终点命中率,提升废气处理和回收效率提供保障。本文通过对转炉炼钢技术的自动化控制技术进行概述,分析其实行的意义,阐述其自动化控制功能及关键技术,为钢铁企业更好地使用这一技术提供建议。     

增量模型在转炉炼钢中应用及影响因素分析

针对中小型转炉不宜增设副枪、难以对钢水成分(质量分数)和温度进行连续检测、难以建立动态模型的实际情况,为此将传统增量模型应用于转炉冶炼过程,对钢水终点进行控制。通过增量模型指导加料,并借助新的加料方案,大大提高了冶炼效果,终点一倒命中率提高了5.7%,余锰收到率提高了6.52%,喷溅率降低了1.24%。     

基于灰色模型的转炉炼钢终点预报研究

准确预报转炉炼钢的终点钢温度及碳含量,对于提高终点命中率具有重要意义,作者采用灰色系统模型及线性回归补偿模型建立了转炉炼钢终点钢水温度及碳含量预报模型,并对一座１８０ｔ转炉的实测数据进行了仿真,其结果与实际值接近,这表明该方法切实可行并有效的。     

300t顶底复合吹炼转炉工艺优化

针对马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司300t顶底复合吹炼转炉原工艺存在的问题,通过对氧枪系统管道压力损失测定,喷头参数分析及实验室底吹系统水模试验的研究,借鉴同类转炉相关经验,对氧枪喷头、吹炼枪位、加料及底吹工艺进行了优化。生产实践表明,其对稳定转炉操作,改善终渣状况、减少终点钢水氧含量、提高转炉炼钢过程和终点控制水平等方面均有不同程度的效果。     

两种转炉炼钢终点控制模型的比较

分析了转炉炼钢静态控制与动态控制模型的方法、作用及功能关系。针对中小型炼钢转炉检测设备受限制的现状,从建模原理、方法特点和应用效果方面对建立的基于遗传算法-神经网络混合算法(CA-BP)的转炉炼钢终点优化控制静态模型和转炉炼钢终点预测的准动态控制模型进行了比较,认为混合算法可以提高静态模型的预测效果,而准动态模型可以反映转炉冶炼的动态操作和加料过程对一次倒炉时间和终点的影响。     

转炉采用热补偿工艺提高终点命中率的研究

根据转炉的生产实践,分析了造成转炉终点后吹的主要原因和危害。研究采用吹炼终点前加入碳质固体提温剂,对转炉进行热补偿,可以减少铁的氧化损失,抑制钢水过氧化,提高终点碳命中率,减少以致消除后吹。转炉采用碳质固体提温剂进行热补偿实现终点控制的方法,收到了良好的效果,可大幅度提高炼钢成品率,降低生产成本。     

转炉终点钢水预脱氧研究与实践

分析研究转炉终点钢水氧含量影响因素,对转炉终点控制和出钢脱氧工艺进行优化改进,主要通过终点枪位、氧压、底吹模型、终渣稠化工艺控制,实现了熔池内碳氧反应平衡和各反应阶段炉渣Fe O平衡,有效地降低了转炉终点钢水氧含量,使合金收得率和钢水均质化程度得到提高,同时加速了脱氧产物的排除。     

Effect of Calcium Treatment on Non-Metallic Inclusions in Ultra-Low Oxygen Steel Refined by High Basicity High Al2O3 Slag

 The influence of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions had been studied when control technology of refining top slag in ladle furnace was used in ultra-low oxygen steelmaking. A sufficient amount aluminium was added to experimental heats for final deoxidizing during BOF tapping, and the refining top slag with strong reducibility, high basicity and high Al2O3 in ladle furnace was used to produce ultra-low oxygen steel and the transformation of non-metallic inclusions in molten steel was compared by calcium treatment and no calcium treatment. The results show that the transformation of Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3 spinel→CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions has been completed for aluminum deoxidation products and calcium treatment to molten steel is unnecessary when using the control technology of ladle furnace refining top slag to produce ultra-low oxygen steel, and the complex inclusions are liquid at the temperature of steelmaking and easily removable to obtain very high cleanliness steel by flotation. Furthermore, the problems of nozzle clogging in casting operations do not happen and the remaining oxide inclusions in steel are the relatively lower melting point complex inclusions.     

Hybrid Model of Molten Steel Temperature Prediction Based on Ladle Heat Status and Artificial Neural Network简

Aiming at the characteristics of the practical steelmaking process, a hybrid model based on ladle heat sta- tus and artificial neural network has been proposed to predict molten steel temperature. The hybrid model could over- come the difficulty of accurate prediction using a single mathematical model, and solve the problem of lacking the consideration of the influence of ladle heat status on the steel temperature in an intelligent model. By using the hybrid model method, forward and backward prediction models for molten steel temperature in steelmaking process are es- tablished and are used in a steelmaking plant. The forward model, starting from the end-point of BOF, predicts the temperature in argon-blowing station, starting temperature in LF, end temperature in LF and tundish temperature forwards, with the production process evolving. The backward model, starting from the required tundish tempera- ture, calculates target end temperature in LF, target starting temperature in LF, target temperature in argon-blo- wiag station and target BOF end-point temperature backwards. Actual application results show that the models have better prediction accuracy and are satisfying for the process of practical production.     

大型转炉炼钢脱磷的研究

利用副枪在吹炼过程取样测温的方法研究了大型转炉炼钢脱磷情况。适当控制炉渣的氧化铁和碱度可使吹炼终磷含量达到预定值。计算了吹炼终点渣－钢反应的平衡值，给出了终点钢水磷含量与影响脱磷反应工艺参数之间的回归方程。     

Low-Cost and Large-Scale Clean Steel Production Technology

As the market demand for clean steel increased,a number of new technologies for clean steel production have been developed in some domestic and foreign steelmaking plants.Based on the existing equipments and technical conditions in the No.1 steelmaking plant of Ansteel,a series of clean steel technologies have been integrated including single bay duplex-dephosphorization in steelmaking control technology,high efficiency desulfurization technology,the control technology for nitrogen content during the whole process,the control technology for hydrogen content in VD,and the systematic control technology for oxygen content.A series of process for all kinds of ultra-low phosphorus,ultra-low sulfur and relative low level of inclusions have been designed in clean steel production.This process include hot metal desulfurization and slag-off,single bay duplex-dephosphorization in BOF,molten steel slag-off,LF processing,VD processing,and continuous casting with protection,then a stable,low-cost and large-scale production process has been formed.Applying this integrative technology,the sum of 5 major elements including phosphorus,sulfur,oxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen is less than 80×10-6 in high alloy steel scale production,and the industrial applications for clean steel technology have been achieved.     

转炉冶炼IF钢终点氧含量控制分析

转炉冶炼终点钢水中的氧是产生钢中夹杂物的根源,对钢的洁净度有着不利的影响。为了加强转炉终点氧含量的控制水平,提高产品的内部质量。通过对某厂转炉冶炼IF钢现场试验研究,分析了转炉终点碳氧含量的分布状态,研究了碳含量、炉龄、终点温度和氧耗量等因素对终点氧含量的影响规律,并提出了降低转炉终点氧含量的技术措施。     

攀钢连铸钢冶炼工艺技术改进方向探讨

分析了攀钢连铸钢冶中存在的问题，提出了相应的解决方法。认为重点应抓好稳定原料成分，钢水温度，转炉冶炼工艺的优化。     

A Novel Process Control Model for Extracting Vanadium Semi‐Steel in Basic Oxygen Furnace Based on Steelmaking Mechanism

A novel process control model for basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is proposed based on metallurgy mechanism, with lower contents of carbon, manganese, silicon, and lower temperature in semi‐steel after extracting vanadium. According to mass balance and heat balance, a static control model is built up, with slagging model, temperature model, and oxygen supply model. When actual amount of oxygen supply reaches 85% of theoretical value calculated by static model, quasi‐dynamic control model is activated to predict carbon and temperature in later period of steelmaking. A steelmaking process control system for semi‐steel smelting on 120 tonne BOF is developed in a steelmaking plant in China. Based on test of three steel grades, this model acts a guide for BOF steelmaking with semi‐steel, not only providing tactic, but also pointing out a feasible method for BOF process control without sub‐lance or off‐gas analyzer.     

炼钢造渣物料高温热焓值的试验测定

为确切了解转炉炼钢过程中各种物料的加入给炼钢熔池温度带来的影响,对影响熔池温度的造渣材料的热焓值进行了测定。结果表明,各种物料在炼钢温度下的吸热程度不同,石灰、轻烧白云石、镁球的吸热温度区间为350~500℃,每吨物料的温降分别为4.8、6.6和5.6℃;石灰石的吸热温度为726℃,每吨物料的温降为7.9℃;烧结矿、废钢、炉渣的吸热温度为1300~1400℃,每吨物料的温降为5.6、1.4和1.1℃。根据测定结果,结合铁水成分和现场实际数据,预测转炉终点钢水温度的模型,为提高转炉终点钢水温度精确控制和优化工艺参数提供依据。     

大型转炉优化造渣工艺提高脱磷的效果

 针对转炉冶炼存在的转炉前期化渣速度慢,冶炼终点钢水、炉渣氧化性高,终点磷含量控制不稳定等问题,利用炉渣熔化性测定、热力学平衡计算、炉渣矿相分析的方法研究了260 t转炉造渣、供氧工艺。结果表明,转炉初期渣熔化温度为1 330 ℃,不利于转炉前期化渣;终渣熔化温度为1 200 ℃,不利于转炉后期的炉衬维护;终点钢水磷含量与渣钢间磷平衡值差距较大,说明转炉吹炼终点动力学条件不足;炉渣中游离氧化钙含量较高,有部分未熔化的石灰。通过优化转炉渣料加入顺序和数量,强化转炉终点氧枪枪位控制、底吹搅拌等技术措施,可获得较高的转炉终点脱磷率和渣-钢间磷分配比,使终点渣-钢间磷含量更接近平衡;终点炉渣发育良好,游离氧化钙含量适中。