电化学法制备聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合膜及电容性能研究

利用电化学聚合法在导电玻璃ITO上原位制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合物薄膜。扫描电子显微镜表明,PANI/GO复合物呈颗粒状分布在ITO的表面;通过UV-vis光谱证实了GO和PANI之间存在着强烈的相互作用;充放电测试表明,PANI/GO复合膜具有良好的电荷储存特性,最高比电容可达265F/g,且具有较高的循环稳定性。     

高电活性石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备和表征

采用了一种简单有效地方法制备了高电活性的石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料。首先,将苯胺在氧化石墨烯（GO）的水性分散液中氧化聚合,制备了氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺（GO/PANI）,再将GO/PANI与水合肼反应,制得还原-氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺（R（GO/PANI））。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）,热失重分析（TGA）和循环伏安法（CV）对GO/PANI和R（GO/PANI的形貌,热稳定性和电化学性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,GO表面存PANI,且R（GO/PANI）的热稳定性和电活性都明显高于GO/PANI。     

聚苯胺一石墨烯-Co3O4纳米复合材料的制备及其表征

首次以三步法制备了聚苯胺一石墨烯-Co3O4PANI—RGO-Co3O4纳米复合材料。利用F]＇-IR,XRD,XPS和TEM对所制备的纳米复合材料进行表征,结果表明：PANI—RGO-Co3O4纳米复合材料中氧化石墨（GO）的含氧官能团数量大幅降低,GO已被还原成石墨烯（RGO）;PANI和RGO之间具有较强的相互作用,且形成的-Co3O4纳米粒子分布在PANI—RGO表面,其粒径在5-15nm之间,该纳米复合材料有望在超级电容器材料、电极材料和吸波材料等领域有广泛的应用前景。     

原位聚合法制备PANI/RGO导电复合材料的性能

采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)、PANI/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料和PANI/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)复合材料。利用四探针测试仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪、热重(TG)分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PANI及PANI/GO复合材料和PANI/RGO复合材料进行表征。电导率测试结果表明,当加入GO质量分数为50%时,先还原后聚合法制得PANI/RGO复合材料的导电率可达9.916 S/cm,RGO能有效提高复合材料的导电性;XRD和FTIR分析结果表明,GO和RGO都能较好分散在PANI中;TG分析结果表明,将GO还原为RGO后在小于250℃时能有效提高复合材料的热稳定性。通过原位聚合法能将GO和RGO较好分散在PANI中,形成较好的插层型复合材料,尤其是先还原后聚合法制得的PANI/RGO复合材料具有较好的导电性和热稳定性。     

DNA在GO-PANI复合材料表面上的固定/杂交

采用氧化还原法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),通过原位插层聚合法制备出GO与导电聚苯胺(PANI)复合层状纳米材料。采用旋涂法将GO–PANI复合材料旋涂在自组装有十八烷三甲氧基硅烷的硅片上,对核糖核酸(DNA)在复合材料表面上的固定进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,DNA能够很好地固定在GO–PANI复合材料表面上,对将来开发出易于制备的电化学性能优良的DNA芯片提供了实验基础。     

氧化石墨烯/羧基丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的制备及其耐有机溶剂渗透性能的研究

采用改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯（GO）,并以聚乙烯亚胺为“桥接分子”制备GO/羧基丁腈橡胶（XNBR）纳米复合材料,考察GO/XNBR纳米复合材料的微观形貌、力学性能和耐有机溶剂渗透性能。结果表明：GO与XNBR基体结合良好且分散均匀;GO/XNBR纳米复合材料的拉伸强度由纯XNBR胶料的3.9 MPa提高到7.2 MPa(GO用量为0.7份),提高了约1.8倍;随着GO用量增大,GO/XNBR纳米复合材料对有机溶剂的耐渗透时间明显延长。     

工程轮胎胎面胶用氧化石墨烯/炭黑/乳聚丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的性能

利用乳液插层复合法制备了氧化石墨烯/乳聚丁苯橡胶(GO/ESBR)纳米复合材料,对复合材料的形态结构做出了表征。在工程轮胎胎面胶配方中,将该复合材料部分替代乳聚丁苯干胶,利用机械共混工艺制备了氧化石墨烯/炭黑/乳聚丁苯橡胶(GO/carbon black/ESBR)纳米复合材料。研究了复合材料的综合性能。结果表明：氧化石墨烯以纳米级别分散在复合材料中;氧化石墨烯的加入延长了复合材料的正硫化时间,增强了混炼胶的填料网络结构,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)变化不大,但损耗峰降低,改善了炭黑/丁苯纳米复合材料的力学性能,耐磨性提高了9%~25%。     

层状结构氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯接枝磺化苯乙烯/聚苯胺复合抗静电剂的制备及应用

以苯胺、聚丙烯接枝磺化苯乙烯、氧化石墨烯为反应原料,以盐酸为掺杂剂,通过苯胺原位聚合及大分子反应制备了氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯接枝磺化苯乙烯/聚苯胺（GO/PP-g-SPS/PANI）层状结构的复合材料。研究了复合材料的体积电阻率及反应物配比对复合材料体积电阻的影响。分别采用FTIR、XPS对复合材料进行了结构分析,并采用SEM对复合材料结构形貌进行了表征,同时研究了将其添加到PP中的抗静电性能。研究结果表明： GO/PP-g-SPS/PANI制备最佳配比为质量比m_PP-g-SPS∶m_GO∶m_ANI=30∶15∶1时,材料体积电阻率最小为120Ω·mm。添加到PP中导电逾渗阈值为0.7%（质量分数）,PP材料的体积电阻率达到最低值4.5×10¹⁰Ω·mm,比纯PP降低了6个数量级,拉伸强度提高了2.8MPa。SEM形貌图表明GO/PP-g-SPS/PANI以GO为骨架表面层状蜂窝结构,聚合物大分子镶嵌在GO片层间,与PP共混物界面具有良好的相容性。     

聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能研究

分别采用物理球磨混合法、化学原位聚合法和化学原位聚合-还原法制备了聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯混合物、聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯(PPy/GO)和聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯(PPy/RGO)复合材料。通过三电极测试其电化学性能(循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗)。结果表明,通过化学原位聚合法制备的PPy/GO(304. 5 F/g)比电容远高于物理混合(16 F/g)和聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯(126. 4 F/g)。化学法原位聚合法制备PPy/GO最佳条件是冰浴条件下和加入表面活性剂对羟基苯磺酸钠。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对化学原位制备的PPy/GO组成、结构和形貌进行了表征。     

纳米二氧化硅/氧化石墨烯复合物对普通硅酸盐水泥力学性能的影响

氧化石墨烯(GO)在水泥中的分散性较差,限制了其提高水泥基复合材料性能。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米二氧化硅/氧化石墨烯复合物(GOS),在模拟的水泥孔隙溶液中对比了GO和GOS的分散稳定性;同时,制备了添加纳米片的水泥浆体,研究了GO和GOS对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:GOS在水泥环境中的分散稳定性明显优于GO;与对照组相比,GO/水泥基复合材料的28 d抗折和抗压强度分别提高了20.48%和13.14%,而GOS/水泥基复合材料分别提高了35.42%和23.90%。微观分析表明,GO/水泥基复合材料内部形成花状水化晶体,GOS/水泥基复合材料内部的水化晶体彼此交联,结构致密,降低了水泥脆性,提高了韧性。     

水可分散性石墨烯-聚苯胺复合物合成初探

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为模板,利用其巨大的比表面积,将苯胺单体吸附在GO的表面,制备了氧化石墨烯-聚苯胺(G-PANI)复合材料,由于GO表面聚苯胺颗粒比溶液中的聚苯胺颗粒尺寸小,引起紫外可见光谱吸收峰的蓝移。实验证明,由于GO与水具有较强的亲和力,造成G-PANI在水中具有较好的分散性。     

Fabrication of novel polyethersulfone based nanofiltration membrane by embedding polyaniline-co-graphene oxide nanoplates

Mixed matrix polyethersulfone (PES) based nanofiltration membrane was prepared through phase inversion method by using of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as pore former and N, N dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent. Polyaniline-co-graphene oxide nanoplates (PANI/GO) were utilized as additive in membrane fabrication. The PANI/GO nanoplates were prepared by polymerization of aniline in the presence of graphene oxide nanoplates. FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning optical microscopy (SOM), 3D images surface analysis, water contact angle, water content tests, tensile strength tests, porosity tests, salt rejection and flux tests were used in membrane characterization. FT-IR results verified formation of PANI on graphene oxide nanoplates. SOM images showed uniform particles distribution for the mixed matrix membranes. SEM images also showed formation of wide pores for the modified membranes. Water flux showed constant trend nearly by use of PANI/GO in the casting solution. Opposite trend was found for the membrane surface hydrophilicity. Salt rejection was enhanced sharply by utilizing of PANI/GO. The membrane’s tensile strength was improved by increase of PANI/GO concentration. The water content was increased initially by use of PANI/GO nanoplates up to 0.05%wt into the casting solution and then decreased. Membrane porosity was also enhanced by using of PANI/GO nanoplates. Modified membrane containing 0.5%wt PANI/GO nanoplates showed more appropriate antifouling characteristic compared to others.     

Covalently-grafted polyaniline on graphene oxide sheets for high performance electrochemical supercapacitors

A simple route to achieve covalently-grafted polyaniline (PANI)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites has been developed. The synthesized composites showed a uniform hierarchical morphology of the PANI thin film and short rod-like nanostructures that had densely grown on the GO sheets, in contrast to the nonuniform morphology of noncovalently-grafted PANI/GO. Compared to pure PANI and noncovalently-grafted PANI/GO composites, the covalently-grafted PANI/GO composites possessed a much larger specific surface area and pore volume, which increased the accessible surface area for the redox reaction and allowed faster ion diffusion. This unique hierarchical morphology maximized the synergistic effect between PANI and GO, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance (capacitance 442 F/g of PANI/GO (6:1) vs. 226 F/g of pure PANI) and improved cycling stability (83% @ 2000 cycles of PANI/GO (6:1) vs. 54.3% @ 1000 cycles of pure PANI). The enhanced electrochemical performance demonstrates the advantage of the PANI/GO composites prepared via this covalent grafting method.     

樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成及性能研究

采用溶液聚合法,用樟脑磺酸(CSA)在间甲酚(m-c)与三氯甲烷(ch)的混合溶剂中对聚苯胺进行掺杂,掺杂能够使聚苯胺在保持较好溶解性的同时,提高其电导率。当PANI/CSA(mol/mol)=1/50时,制备出了电导率高达400 S.cm-1的PANI-CSA自支撑膜。采用四探针法测量了掺杂态聚苯胺的电导率,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和热失重(TG)等方法表征了樟脑磺酸和盐酸掺杂的聚苯胺的结构和形态。     

Enhanced NO2 gas sensor device based on supramolecularly assembled polyaniline/silver oxide/graphene oxide composites

Herein, we report a successful synthesis of supramolecularly assembled polyaniline/silver oxide/graphene oxide composite (PANI/Ag₂O/GO) for enhanced NO₂ gas sensing application. The PANI/Ag₂O/GO composite was synthesized by facile stirring followed by an ultrasonication process. The prepared material was characterized by different techniques such as x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman-scattering spectroscopy. The detailed analysis revealed that the average crystallite sizes of PANI/Ag₂O and PANI/Ag₂O/GO composites were found to be 37.37 nm and 41.55 nm, respectively. FESEM and TEM analysis showed coral-like rough-surfaced and extensively agglomerated morphology for PANI and ultrathin flexible sheet-like morphology for GO. Ag₂O nanoparticles with diameters 20–30 nm were well incorporated in the GO sheets and PANI matrix in the case of PANI/Ag₂O/GO composites. The synthesized materials were used to make resistive sensor devices that had a high response to NO₂ gas. The fabricated sensors were examined at various temperatures to obtain the optimal sensing temperature. The fabricated NO₂ gas sensor device based on PANI/Ag₂O/GO composite exhibited a highest sensitivity of 5.85 for 25 ppm at an optimized temperature (100 °C) as compared to the pure PANI (2.5) and PANI/Ag₂O composite (3.25). Further, the fabricated sensor device based on PANI/Ag₂O/GO composite was also examined at different NO₂ gas concentrations.     

PANI/TIO复合材料的制备及其在聚氨酯涂料中的应用

采用原位聚合的方法在锑掺杂氧化锡/氧化钛复合材料（TIO）上包覆一层完整的聚苯胺（PANI）膜,成功制备了PANI/TIO复合材料,将其作为水性聚氨酯涂料的填料,制备了水性聚氨酯导电涂料。利用X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、红外光谱等分析方法对复合材料进行表征,利用涂层机械性能测试对导电涂料进行了测试。同时得到了制备PANI/TIO三元复合材料的最佳工艺条件：苯胺（An）包覆量为15%、m(An)/m[磺基水杨酸（SSA）]=0.4、m(An)/m[过硫酸铵（APS）]=3。在最佳工艺条件下,得到的PANI/TIO复合材料体积电阻率为15.3Ω·cm。实验结果表明：当填料比为15%时涂层机械性能最佳,硬度为2B、耐冲击力为50 cm、附着力为1级、涂层表面电阻为3.56×105Ω/m2,该导电涂料有较好的应用前景。     

MWCNT/Fe-Co/PANI复合材料的制备及其电催化性能

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体,通过化学悬浮聚合法制备碳纳米管/铁-钴/聚苯胺(MWCNT/Fe-Co/PANI)三重复合材料,并用作染料敏化太阳能电池对电极.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和X-射线衍射法(XRD)等对所制MWCNT/Fe -Co/PANI复合材料进行表征,结果表明:MWCNT/Fe-Co/PANI复合材料呈微观多乳网状结构,Fe-Co纳米合金颗粒负载于MWCNTs上,PANI对MWCNT/Fe-Co又进行了管外键联及包覆.通过三电极系统测试了MWCNT/Fe-Co/PANI复合电极在I-3/I-电解质中的循环伏安曲线,结果显示:复合电极具有很好的电催化效果.MWCNTs与PANI形成的规则结构可促进对电解质的吸附,而Fe-Co纳米合金则增强了电极的催化效应.     

Polyaniline-intercalated graphene oxide sheet and its transition to a nanotube through a self-curling process

This study reports the preparation of graphene oxide (GO)/polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes through polymerizing aniline monomers in the presence of GO sheets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that the obtained GO/PANI nanotubes have an outer diameter of ～120 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves verify the coexistence of GO and PANI in the produced nanotubes. X-ray diffraction patterns identify the intercalation of PANI chains between GO sheets. Specifically, SEM images reveal the formation of polyaniline-intercalated GO sheets in earlier stage. Subsequently, these initially-formed GO/PANI sheets would transform into nanotubes through a self-curling process. The changes of molecular structures and doping states of polyaniline molecules during the polymerization process are thought to be responsible for the self-curling behavior. Compared with the pristine PANI nanotubes, the GO/PANI nanotubes exhibit an even higher electrical conductivity and manifest their great potential in applications of various electrochemical devices.