二滩高拱坝坝基灌浆帷幕防渗效果研究

以运行期的二滩拱坝为例,考虑高拱坝坝基存在断层及有自由面排水孔幕情况,利用三维渗流场有限元模拟法、改进排水子结构法和隐式复合材料单元法建立了高拱坝坝基渗流场有限元数值模型,模拟了灌浆帷幕和排水孔幕同时作用时的拱坝实际渗流场,再假设坝基灌浆帷幕失效模拟了该工况下的坝基渗流场,通过比较分析研究了高拱坝坝基灌浆帷幕的防渗效果。结果表明,灌浆帷幕失效后二滩高拱坝坝基渗流场依然可在排水孔幕作用下保持稳定,坝肩部位渗流场稳定性明显降低。     

GMS在心墙堆石坝二维稳定渗流分析中的应用

应用GMS软件中SEEP2D模块对心墙堆石坝进行二维稳定渗流分析.由分析可知,心墙渗透坡降集中于下游面,靠近下游面底部尤为明显,需采取措施确保渗流稳定性.防渗帷幕应穿过弱风化岩层以降低下游水头.反滤排水对下游水头影响不大,对防止下游覆盖层管涌有积极作用.     

小浪底水库蓄水初期运用坝基渗流分析与安全性评价

针对小浪底水库蓄水运用初期坝基渗流异常问题,在分析坝基防渗体系基础上探讨了坝基渗流原因,介绍了三个阶段帷幕补强灌浆等工程措施及处理效果,从渗水量变化、典型库水位下的防渗效果、防渗墙下游侧坝基渗透比降分析、库水位275 m时防渗效果预测等角度综合评价补强灌浆后坝基防渗效果很好,因而得出坝基渗流安全的结论.     

岩溶地下水渗流-传热地埋管试验平台的研制及模型试验北大核心CSCD

文章建立了岩溶地下水渗流-传热地埋管试验平台,可有效模拟岩溶地区地埋管换热过程中土壤温度场、湿度场、渗流场共同作用的多场环境,并利用该模型装置进行了不同工况的模型试验,探讨了岩溶地下水渗流对地埋管换热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:渗流速度为1.08×10m/s时,渗流作用使得地埋管换热量平均提升了约12.5%,地埋管与土层间的换热速度提升约90%;岩溶地下水渗流将上游热量携带至下游,促进了地埋管释放的热量向下游传递的同时,也抑制了热量向上游的传递,有效减弱了地埋管周围土层的热量堆积;随着渗流速度的增加,岩溶地下水渗流对地埋管换热性能的影响越显著。     

调节水位对橡胶坝坝基渗流影响的分析

针对调节水位对橡胶坝坝基渗流的影响,以滹沱河橡胶坝为例,采用有限元法对坝基渗流进行了三维模拟研究,利用等参六面体单元精确模拟了坝区各地层和水平铺盖的空间分布及不同工况下坝基的渗流场分布规律,并分析计算了调节上游水位和降低下游水位的水头分布、单宽渗漏量及渗透坡降对坝基渗流场的影响。结果表明,该坝基满足调节上游水位时的防渗要求。     

上下游结构对喷嘴调节给水泵汽轮机调节阀组流动特性的影响

针对某喷嘴调节给水泵汽轮机调节阀组在额定工况时的三维蒸汽流动,采用计算流体力学方法对其进行数值模拟分析,以获取各调节阀均全开时阀组上下游结构对阀组管道内部稳态蒸汽流场的影响.计算中采用剪切应力输运模型(SST)来封闭湍流模型控制方程组,并采用多重参考坐标系法(MRF)计算获取调节级内动叶排通道区域的三维蒸汽流场.重点分析了各阀门通道内的压力损失水平、流量分配情况和过热蒸汽在调节阀组系统中的流动特性,以及多阀腔室、阀门出口下游扩压管路和弯管等部件内部的复杂三维流动特征.结果表明:调节阀流量主要由阀门下游喷嘴数量决定;调节阀距离阀组系统进口的距离对调节阀通流能力具有较大影响.     

考虑上游中小水库影响的水库设计洪水研究

针对流域内上游各中小水库往往缺乏实测流量资料的情况，利用实际暴雨资料推得上游各库及区间的设计洪水过程，自上而下逐级演算，得到下游水库设计洪水过程；根据水库调洪演算后的水文设计参数值．定量分析上游水利工程运用对下游控制性水库(工程)的影响。对广东省长潭水库的计算结果表明，上游中小水、库的运用，使得20a和30a标准的水文设计值有所降低。     

坝基防渗墙及墙下灌浆帷幕渗流及渗透稳定性分析

采用三维有限元计算软件SEEPAGE1.0对扎雪水电站坝基进行了稳定渗流计算,分析了悬挂式防渗墙下灌浆帷幕深度对渗流场的影响,探讨了覆盖层中的渗透稳定性问题,确定了经济合理的防渗方案,并分析了防渗墙开裂对渗流场的影响.结果表明,覆盖层中帷幕底部的渗透坡降最大,并以此处为中心,向四周迅速减小.整体渗透稳定性较好,防渗墙底部出现交错裂缝对渗控效果影响不大.     

库水位变动及降雨共同作用下心墙坝坝坡稳定性研究

为研究库水位变动和降雨共同作用对心墙坝上下游坝坡稳定性的影响,考虑渗流场和应力场的耦合作用,基于非饱和渗流原理,考虑不同降雨强度、不同降雨类型（4种）及不同库水位升降速率,对心墙坝遭遇库水位变动和降雨时的渗流和坝坡稳定性情况进行有限元模拟。结果表明,水位变动速率主要影响上下游坝坡安全系数趋于稳定的时间;降雨类型和降雨强度是影响心墙坝下游坝坡安全系数的主要因素,但对上游坝坡的安全系数变化影响较小;在下游坝坡安全系数〖JP2〗趋于稳定时,各降雨类型的安全系数大小为前锋型≥中锋型＞〖JP〗平均型＞后锋型;无论是水位上升阶段还是水位下降阶段,降雨都会降低下游坝坡的安全系数。该研究结果为心墙坝遭遇极端工况条件时进行风险分析和应急管理提供了参考依据。     

风力机垂直交错对下游风力机性能的影响研究

为降低上游风力机尾流的影响、优化风场布置,在两台串联的NERL 5 MW水平轴风力机中间安装1台小型的垂直轴风力机,形成垂直交错风场。采用FLUENT软件对串联风场和垂直交错风场进行数值模拟,对比两种风场的输出功率与流动特性。同时,改变垂直轴风力机的安装位置,分析其与下游风力机的距离对垂直交错风场的影响。结果表明：当风力机串联布置且为标准间距7D(D为风轮直径)时,下游风力机受上游风力机尾流影响仍然很大,输出功率下降57.1%;串联风场中加入垂直轴风力机加快了相应垂直交错风场尾流的恢复,提高了下游风力机的输出功率;垂直交错风场中垂直轴风力机安装距离为1D～6D时,可以在上游风力机功率变化不明显的情况下提高下游风力机的输出功率;当安装距离为6D时,下游风力机提高功率最高,比串联风场增加了40.1%。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.