Flexible complexity reduced PID-like fuzzy controllers

In this paper, a flexible complexity reduced design approach for PID-like fuzzy controllers is proposed. With the linear combination of input variables as a new input variable, the complexity of the fuzzy mechanism of PID-like fuzzy controllers is significantly reduced. However, the performance of the complexity reduced fuzzy PID controller may be degraded since the degree of freedom is decreased by the combination of input variables. To alleviate the drawback and improve the performance of the complexity reduced PID-like fuzzy controller, a flexible complexity reduced design approach is introduced in which the functional scaling factors are heuristically generated. Since the functional scaling factors are heuristically created, they can be easily adjusted for the flexible complexity reduced PID-like fuzzy controller without a priori knowledge of the exact mathematical model of the plant. Moreover, heuristic scaling factors are implemented as functionals. Therefore, the complexity of the flexible PID-like fuzzy controller will not be increased. Further, the stability of the fuzzy control system with a flexible complexity reduced PID-like fuzzy controller is discussed. Finally, the simulation results are also included to show the effectiveness of the PID-like fuzzy controller designed with the flexible complexity reduced approach.     

基于遗传算法的机器人分层模糊控制

为解决模糊多变量控制中规则数随系统变量数呈指数增长的问题,针对机器人轨迹跟踪的特点,提出了一种分层模糊控制器的设计方法。该方法不仅减少了模糊规则数,而且使模糊控制逻辑变得清晰明了,其中控制参数采用遗传算法整定。实验结果证实:该方法控制效果好、系统跟踪速度快。     

Design of variable structure control for fuzzy nonlinear systems

In this paper, the variable structure control problem is presented for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with uncertainties and external disturbances. The sliding surfaces for the T–S fuzzy system are proposed by using a Lyapunov function and a fuzzy Lyapunov function, respectively. And we design the variable structure controllers such that the global T–S fuzzy system confined on the sliding surfaces is asymptotically stable. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods.     

电阻点焊的变论域模糊控制方法

为提高电阻点焊模糊控制适应性和稳定性差的缺点, 根据变论域控制理论, 提出了电阻点焊的变论域模糊控制方法. 首先, 讨论了变论域模糊控制的基本原理. 其次, 设计了输入隶属函数、输出隶属函数、模糊控制规则、伸缩因子, 开发了一种基于规范化因子的电阻电焊变论域模糊控制器, 并使用模糊规则选择变论域的伸缩因子,给出了算法实现的具体步骤. 最后, 进行了不同控制方案的实验研究, 分析了实验结果, 验证了该控制算法的优越 性.     

符号型自适应模糊控制器

伸缩因子设计是变论域模糊控制的关键, 也是设计的难点. 借助于Lyapunov综合分析方法, 提出一种符号型自适应模糊控制方案, 避免花费精力设计伸缩因子. 方案中使用符号函数替代输入的伸缩运算, 后件调整仍使用积分调节因子. 因此, 本质上它仍是一种论域可变的模糊控制. 相比较变论域模糊控制, 该方案所需规则少, 稳态精度高, 鲁棒性好. Lyapunov稳定性理论保证了跟踪误差的渐近收敛. 最后, 实例证实了方案的可行性.     

A simple design method for interval type-2 fuzzy pid controllers

In this study, a design method for single Input interval type-2 fuzzy PID controller has been developed. The most important feature of the proposed type-2 fuzzy controller is its simple structure consisting of a single input variable. The presented simple structure gives an opportunity to the designer to form the type-2 fuzzy controller output in closed form formulation for the first time in literature. This formulation cannot be achieved with present type-2 fuzzy PID controller structures which have employed the Karnik-Mendel type reduction. The closed form solution is derived in terms of the tuning parameters which are chosen as the heights of lower membership functions of the antecedent interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Elaborations are done on the derived closed form output and a simple strategy is presented for a single input type-2 fuzzy PID controller design. The presented interval type-2 fuzzy controller structure still keeps the most preferred features of the PID controller such as simplicity and easy design. We will illustrate how the extra degrees of freedom provided by the antecedent interval type-2 fuzzy sets can be used to enhance the control performance on linear and nonlinear benchmark systems by simulations. Moreover, the type-2 fuzzy controller structure has been implemented on experimental pH neutralization. The simulation and experimental results will illustrate that the proposed type-2 fuzzy controller produces superior control performance and can handle nonlinear dynamics, parameter uncertainties, noise and disturbances better in comparison with the standard PID controllers. Hence, the results and analyses of this study will give the control engineers an opportunity to draw a bridge and connect the type-2 fuzzy logic and control theory.     

基于事件触发传输机制的非线性系统模糊H∞ 控制

针对离散时间非线性系统, 提出事件触发传输机制下网络化T-S 模糊控制器设计方法. 在事件发生器中引入前提变量偏差触发条件, 从而取消模糊控制器与被控对象的前提变量之间的同步要求. 通过引入一组基于模糊前提变量特性的松弛等式/不等式, 对于无传输时滞和定常传输时滞两种情况, 分别提出具有较小保守性的控制器/事件发生器联合设计算法. 最后, 通过数值算例表明所提出方法的可行性和有效性.

     

模糊控制器的结构化分析及系统化设计方法

对于模糊控制器的输入变量,采用一种新型的不均匀、全交迭、三角形的隶属度函数,推导了两输入（e,△e)－输出（△u）的典型模糊控制器输出的解析表达式,并对最常用的输入变量各取5个模糊变量的情况进行分析。在此基础上提出一种模糊控制系统的系统化设计方法,可根据已有的PI／PD控制器参数设计相应的模糊控制器参数。仿真实验说明了该方法的有效性。     

Designing fuzzy controllers from a variable structures standpoint

A procedure is presented for designing fuzzy controllers based upon variable structures techniques. Three such controllers are presented: the fuzzy equivalents of sliding-mode controllers, saturating controllers, and tanh controllers. By using an approach based upon variables structures (VSS) techniques, the stability of each of these controllers is assured. By using a sliding surface, the order of the rule base is reduced to size r×m, where r is the number of inputs and m is the number of fuzzification levels. This combination makes the proposed design procedure able to generate simple controllers with guaranteed stability properties. To illustrate the proposed design procedure, fuzzy controllers are designed for a ball-and-beam system. It is demonstrated that in spite of this system being a fourth-order unstable system, the proposed design procedure results in simple stable fuzzy controllers     

Quick Design of Fuzzy Controllers With Good Interpretability in Mobile Robotics

This paper presents a methodology for the design of fuzzy controllers with good interpretability in mobile robotics. It is composed of a technique to automatically generate a training data set plus an efficient algorithm to learn fuzzy controllers. The proposed approach obtains a highly interpretable knowledge base in a very reduced time, and the designer only has to define the number of membership functions and the universe of discourse of each variable, together with a scoring function. In addition, the learned fuzzy controllers are general because the training set is composed of a number of automatically generated examples that cover the universe of discourse of each variable uniformly and with a predefined precision. The methodology has been applied to the design of a wall-following and moving object following behavior. Several tests in simulated environments using the Nomad 200 robot software and a comparison with another learning method show the performance and advantages of the proposed approach.     

Locomotion Control of a Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot by Robust Adaptive Fuzzy Control with Self-Tuned Adaptation Gain and Dead Zone Fuzzy Pre-compensation

Hydraulically actuated robotic mechanisms are becoming popular for field robotic applications for their compact design and large output power. However, they exhibit nonlinearity, parameter variation and flattery delay in the response. This flattery delay, which often causes poor trajectory tracking performance of the robot, is possibly caused by the dead zone of the proportional electromagnetic control valves and the delay associated with oil flow. In this investigation, we have proposed a trajectory tracking control system for hydraulically actuated robotic mechanism that diminishes the flattery delay in the output response. The proposed controller consists of a robust adaptive fuzzy controller with self-tuned adaptation gain in the feedback loop to cope with the parameter variation and disturbances and a one-step-ahead fuzzy controller in the feed-forward loop for hydraulic dead zone pre-compensation. The adaptation law of the feedback controller has been designed by Lyapunov synthesis method and its adaptation rate is varied by fuzzy self-tuning. The variable adaptation rate helps to improve the tracking performance without sacrificing the stability. The proposed control technique has been applied for locomotion control of a hydraulically actuated hexapod robot under independent joint control framework. For tracking performance of the proposed controller has also been compared with classical PID controller, LQG state feedback controller and static fuzzy controller. The experimental results exhibit a very accurate foot trajectory tracking with very small tracking error with the proposed controller.     

A multiobjective spatial fuzzy clustering algorithm for image segmentation

This article describes a multiobjective spatial fuzzy clustering algorithm for image segmentation. To obtain satisfactory segmentation performance for noisy images, the proposed method introduces the non-local spatial information derived from the image into fitness functions which respectively consider the global fuzzy compactness and fuzzy separation among the clusters. After producing the set of non-dominated solutions, the final clustering solution is chosen by a cluster validity index utilizing the non-local spatial information. Moreover, to automatically evolve the number of clusters in the proposed method, a real-coded variable string length technique is used to encode the cluster centers in the chromosomes. The proposed method is applied to synthetic and real images contaminated by noise and compared with k-means, fuzzy c-means, two fuzzy c-means clustering algorithms with spatial information and a multiobjective variable string length genetic fuzzy clustering algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method behaves well in evolving the number of clusters and obtaining satisfactory performance on noisy image segmentation.     

An intelligent adaptive system for the optimal variable selections of R&D and quality supply chains

The cost of research & development (R&D) and quality management are always regarded as two major parts of total cost. The variable performance of R&D and quality design is an important index that will reflect the effectiveness of the cost reduction. This research has attempted to simultaneously vary all of the variables to achieve the global optimum for the optimal variable selections of R&D and quality design. Genetic algorithm (GA) can treat all of the variables for the global search. In this study, fuzzy refinement with orthogonal arrays was effective in improving the performance of the GA, and also showed the benefits of a good chromosome structure on the behavior of GA. It is also proposed the postponement design with temporal concept, to select the effective variables for the cost reduction of R&D and quality management design. The experimental results showed that tempo-postponement design will increase the flexibility and quick response for supply chain management. Hence, this approach can act as a useful guideline for researchers working on the optimization of the key variable selections for R&D and quality model design.     

Multiple Fuzzy Relation and Its Application to Coupled Fuzzy Control

Using semi‐tensor product (STP) of matrix, this paper investigates the fuzzy relation of multiple fuzzy and uses this to design coupled fuzzy control is designed. First of all, under the assumption that the universe of discourse is finite, a fuzzy logical variable can be expressed as a vector, which unifies the expression of elements, subsets, and fuzzy subsets of a universe of discourse. Then, the matrix expression of set mappings is naturally extended to fuzzy sets. Second, based on STP, logic‐based matrix addition and product are proposed. These are particulary useful for the calculation of compounded fuzzy relations. Third, a dual fuzzy structure is introduced, which assures the finiteness of the universe of discourse, and is used for fuzzification and defuzzification. Finally, using the results obtained, a new technique is developed to design a coupled fuzzy controller for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems with coupled multiple fuzzy relations.     

Secure communications of chaotic systems with robust performancevia fuzzy observer-based design

This paper presents a systematic design methodology for fuzzy observer-based secure communications of chaotic systems with guaranteed robust performance. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models are given to exactly represent chaotic systems. Then, the general fuzzy model of many well-known chaotic systems is constructed with only one premise variable in fuzzy rules and the same premise variable in the system output. Based on this general model, the fuzzy observer of chaotic system is given and leads the stability condition of a linear-matrix inequality problem. When taking the fuzzy observer-based design to applications on secure communications, the robust performance is presented by simultaneously considering the effects of parameter mismatch and external disturbances. Then, the error of the recovered message is stated in an H^∞ criterion. In addition, if the communication system is free of external disturbances, the asymptotic recovering of the message is obtained in the same framework. The main results also hold for applications on chaotic synchronization. Numerical simulations illustrate that this proposed scheme yields robust performance     

基于云台的变域论模糊PID算法研究

为了使云台能够快速的响应环境变化从而达到动态平衡目的,提出变域论模糊PID控制算法实现调平过程中动态特性控制设计。该系统以ARM920T为控制单元,采用模糊PID算法对云台进行控制。利用MATLAB对模糊PID算法进行了仿真分析,最后对变论域、模糊及传统算法的效果进行比较：在保证动态稳定性的前提下,模糊PID算法比常规PID算法能够有效的提高响应速度。     

基于子集融合与规则简约的磨矿过程模糊建模

针对选矿厂磨矿生产过程的模糊建模问题,本文提出一种基于模糊集融合和规则简约的模糊建模方法.该方法针对基于数据建立的磨矿过程Takagi-Sugeno模型,采用模糊C均值聚类方法对同一变量下的隶属度函数参数进行聚类,得到对不同工况具有代表性的融合后的隶属度函数,来降低过度拟合的影响.此外,本文根据规则库中的规则权值,对前件相同的冗余规则进行约简,形成最终的离线模糊规则库,有效提高了规则库的泛化能力.为验证本文方法的有效性,分别采用经典数据与实际工业数据进行了实验论证,从精度和泛化能力上体现了本文方法的优势.     

A duality approach for solving bounded linear programming problems with fuzzy variables based on ranking functions and its application in bounded transportation problems

There are several methods, in the literature, for solving fuzzy variable linear programming problems (fuzzy linear programming in which the right-hand-side vectors and decision variables are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers). In this paper, the shortcomings of some existing methods are pointed out and to overcome these shortcomings a new method based on the bounded dual simplex method is proposed to determine the fuzzy optimal solution of that kind of fuzzy variable linear programming problems in which some or all variables are restricted to lie within lower and upper bounds. To illustrate the proposed method, an application example is solved and the obtained results are given. The advantages of the proposed method over existing methods are discussed. Also, one application of this algorithm in solving bounded transportation problems with fuzzy supplies and demands is dealt with. The proposed method is easy to understand and to apply for determining the fuzzy optimal solution of bounded fuzzy variable linear programming problems occurring in real-life situations.     

Multi-objective optimal design of fuzzy controller for structural vibration control using Hedge-algebras approach

In this paper, the problem of multi-objective optimal design of hedge-algebras-based fuzzy controller (HAC) for structural vibration control with actuator saturation is presented. The main advantages of HAC are: (i) inherent order relationships among linguistic values of each linguistic variable are always ensured; (ii) instead of using any fuzzy sets, linguistic values of linguistic variables are determined by an isomorphism mapping called semantically quantifying mapping (SQM) based on a few fuzziness parameters of each linguistic variable and hence, the process of fuzzy inference is very simple due to SQM values occurring in the fuzzy rule base and (iii) when optimizing HAC, only a few design variables which are above fuzziness parameters are needed. As a case study, a HAC and optimal HACs (opHACs) based on multi-objective optimization view point have been designed to active control of a benchmark structure with active bracing system subjected to earthquake excitation. Control performance of controllers is also discussed in order to shown advantages of the proposed method.