多级并联相变管壳式换热器传热性能分析

在管壳式换热器中并联填充多级相变材料或填充单相变材料,比较两种传热装置的传热性能,分析相变材料在两种换热器的换热过程中的熔化特性、换热速率。结果显示：对于相变材料三级并联填充的换热器,相变材料完全熔化时间沿换热内管（热工质流体）轴心往外逐渐增加;在所有相变材料均完成相变之前,其三级并联相变材料的熔融前沿呈曲线状;相变材料三级并联填充的换热器的最高换热速率是单相变材料填充的1.03倍;热工质流体入口温度不变时,增加热工质流体流量可以在一定限度上增加相变材料三级并联填充的换热器的换热效率;但热工质流体流量过大会在一定限度上降低相变材料三级并联填充的换热器的换热效率。     

基于Fluent的相变储能材料蓄放热过程的仿真分析

利用相变储能技术,把不连续的热量储存起来,实现能量的时间和空间的转移。相变材料是近年来新型的建筑材料,实际工程中对相变材料传热机理的研究存在一定困难。为了解决相变传热求解困难的问题,利用数值求解法对相变材料建立数学模型,基于Fluent软件对相变换热器的蓄放热过程的数值仿真,获得换热器中PCM的液相分数、温度场的分布状况,得出相变材料固液两相混合时,液态PCM逐渐增厚,从管内流体传到PCM的热流密度逐渐减小,使PCM的液体的熔化过程变慢。利用简易实验验证相变储能换热器的换热特性,为相变储能材料应用到实际工程中提供理论基础。     

组合相变材料换热管吸热器性能的数值分析

吸热器是空间太阳能热动力发电系统关键部件之一。传统吸热器采用单一熔点的相变材料。该文提出了由不同溶点的相变材料组成的组合PCM换热管吸热器模型，计算了换热管最大温度、工质出口温度、各容器PCM熔化率、换热管总PCM熔化率等结果。并与单一PCM换热管吸热器进行了比较分析，说明了采用组合PCM换热管可以很好的提高吸热器的性能，对于减少工质温度波动、减少吸热器质量有重要的意义。计算结果可以较好的指导吸热器的设计。     

地埋管回填材料传热性能的研究与分析

当回填材料导热系数大于周围岩土层,对地埋管换热器换热性能提升效果开始逐步递减。研究回填材料增益效果递减的原因,对提高总系统运行效率具有重要意义。通过软件平台Workbench对地埋管换热器在回填材料导热系数不同的情况下进行模拟。结果显示,回填材料在整个传热过程中主要起到疏导热量,扩大导热面积的作用。回填材料导热系数较高时,可通过提高进水管水温进一步开发系统换热效率。     

管壳式相变蓄热器热性能分析及结构优化

针对管壳式相变蓄热器换热速率较慢的问题,建立多管束大空间相变蓄热器模型数值模拟的研究换热管排列方式及翅片参数对换热效果的影响。通过观察温度和速度场、固液相界面、Nu及液相分数与时间的关系,分析蓄/放热传热过程。研究结果表明：采用正三角排列可增强换热管间热扰的影响,提高相变材料(phase change material, PCM)熔化速率;蓄热过程中传热以自然对流为主,放热过程中传热以导热为主;合理调整不同位置换热管节距,可改善蓄热器温度分布均匀性;适当增加翅片数量及高度有利于提高PCM换热速率,蓄热器最佳翅片数量为8组,高度为25 mm。     

基于Fluent的相变储能换热器回路仿真分析

研究了一种相变储能换热器。基于流体仿真软件,对其换热过程中的整个回路进行了建模分析。主要研究了相变材料液相分数及关键位置温度随时间变化的特性,并对比了不同相变材料导热系数及流体回路质量流速对控温特性的影响。研究发现,熔化工况时,导热系数的提高可以加速相变材料熔化速率,同时有效改善相变换热器的运行温度水平及稳定性;而流速的提高可以降低运行温度但同时会降低稳定性。凝固工况时,导热系数和流速的提高均有利于加速相变材料凝固。采用该种回路仿真分析方法可为储能换热器的设计和优化提供指导。     

相变面积对平行环路热管性能影响的研究

重力型环路热管作为一种高效的传热装置,其性能与运行时换热器的充注量及换热器倾斜角度密切相关。为了更深入研究在运行时换热器换热量、传热系数与充注量变化所引起的蒸发器、冷凝器相变换热面积之间的关系,设计了一种蒸发器与冷凝器平行放置的新型热管系统。分析实验结果表明:蒸发器在固定角度下换热量与相变有效面积的函数关系呈具有单波峰的曲线分布,其波峰随着倾斜角的增加而向浸湿面积变小的方向移动;倾斜角度越大达到最佳换热效果所需的换热面积越小,但最大换热强度会减小;在热管进口温差固定时,倾斜角度大于45°才能较为有效的通过提升进口温度来提升换热量;在蒸发器未被完全浸润时,冷凝器换热量处于下降阶段,可以增加冷凝器管长来提升换热;在蒸发器被完全浸润时,增加冷凝器管长无法提升换热;蒸发器与冷凝器的传热系数与相变有效换热面积成线性下降关系,下降速率与角度近乎无关。     

相变蓄热装置内部温度场的理论与实验研究

对螺旋盘管相变蓄热装置性能和相变材料 (PCM)的传热特性开展理论和试验研究,建立相变蓄热装置物理和数学模型,对蓄热温度场进行了数值模拟和实验测试。结果表明 ：自然对流换热对PCM的熔化过程影响很大,当考虑自然对流时,相变蓄热速率加快,相变分层现象明显;实验实测温度与模拟温度相近,说明所建立的模型适用于相变装置内部温度场的模拟。     

套管式相变蓄热器强化传热研究

蓄热技术可有效解决热能供给与需求在时间和强度上不匹配的矛盾,提高能源利用率。针对蓄热器换热效率低和蓄热器内部温度分布不均匀等问题,结合套管式和多管式蓄热器的换热特性,开发出高效蓄热换热器。研究结果表明,通过添加翅片使相变材料融化过程节省时间66.67%;增加翅片长度能够改善相变材料凝固过程中相变"死区"对整体放热时间的影响,使凝固过程节省时间73%。     

列管式相变储热单元的优化模拟CSCD

列管式换热器具有结构牢固、传热面积大、材料使用适应性强等优点,是相变储热领域应用较为广泛的一种换热器。但由于大部分相变材料热导率偏低,导致换热器的换热性能较差,因此提高相变储热器的储热效率,是目前国内外研究的热点。本工作对列管式相变储热单元进行了二维非稳态模拟优化,研究了换热器结构、翅片数目及中心距3种参数对储热性能的影响,并探讨了熔化过程中相变材料的温度和液相率变化趋势。研究结果表明,与圆形换热器结构相比,正方形换热器储热性能更优;相比于无翅片的储热换热器,添加翅片后储热性能得到显著提升,相变材料熔化时间缩短66％;对中心距而言,在一定范围内,随中心距减小进出口降压增大,但储热性能相应提高。     

Thermal performance enhancement of melting and solidification process of phase‐change material in triplex tube heat exchanger using longitudinal fins

Efficient application of intermittent renewable energy sources, like solar, waste heat recovery, and so forth, depends on a large extent on the thermal energy storage methods. Latent heat energy storage with the use of phase‐change material (PCM) is the most promising one because it stores large energy in the form of latent heat at a constant temperature. The current study investigates melting and solidification of PCM in the triplex tube heat exchanger (TTHX) numerically. The two‐dimensional numerical model has been developed using Ansys Fluent 16.2, which considers the effects of conduction as well as natural convection. To overcome the limitation imposed by the poor thermal conductivity of PCM, use of fins is the better solution. In the current study, longitudinal fins are used for better performance of TTHX, which increases heat‐transfer area between PCM and heat‐transfer fluid. The effects of location of fins, that is, internal, external, and combined internal‐external fins, are observed. All three configurations improve melting as well as solidification process. During the melting process, internal and combined internal‐external fins are equally efficient, in which maximum 59% to 60% reduction in melting time is achieved. For solidification, internal‐external fins combination gives maximum 58% reduction in solidification time.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal energy storage with a finned tube

A latent heat thermal energy storage system using a phase change material (PCM) is an efficient way of storing or releasing a large amount of heat during melting or solidification. It has been determined that the shell‐and‐tube type heat exchanger is the most promising device as a latent heat system that requires high efficiency for a minimum volume. In this type of heat exchanger, the PCM fills the annular shell space around the finned tube while the heat transfer fluid flows within the tube. One of the methods used for increasing the rate of energy storage is to increase the heat transfer surface area by employing finned surfaces. In this study, energy storage by phase change around a radially finned tube is investigated numerically and experimentally. The solution of the system consists of the solving governing equations for the heat transfer fluid (HTF), pipe wall and phase change material. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of several fin parameters (fin spacing and fin diameter) and flow parameter (Re number and inlet temperature of HTF) and compare with experimental results. The effect of each variable on energy storage and amount of solidification are presented graphically. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal performance of myristic acid as a phase change material for energy storage application

Thermal performance and phase change stability of myristic acid as a latent heat energy storage material has been studied experimentally. In the experimental study, the thermal performance and heat transfer characteristics of the myristic acid were tested and compared with other studies given in the literature. In the present study is included some parameters such as transition times, temperature range, and propagation of the solid–liquid interface as well as heat flow rate effect on the phase change stability of myristic acid as a phase change material (PCM). The experimental results showed that the melting stability of the PCM is better in the radial direction than the axial direction. The variety of the melting and solidification parameters of the PCM with the change of inlet water temperature is also studied. The results show that the better stability of the myristic acid was accomplished at low inlet water temperature compared with the obtained results at high inlet water temperature. We also observed that while the heat exchanger tube is in the horizontal position, the PCM has more effective and steady phase change characteristics than in the vertical position. The heat storage capacity of the container (PCM tube) is not as good as we expected in this study and the average heat storage efficiency (or heat exchanger effectiveness) is 54%. It means that 46% of the heat acrually lost somewhere.     

Numerical study of nanoencapsulated phase change material inside double pipe heat exchanger

Nanoencapsulated phase change material (NPCM) slurry is a dispersion where the phase change material (PCM) is dispersed in fluid. Compared with fluid, these nanofluids have a higher heat capacity during the phase change and a possible enhancement, as a result of this phase change, in the heat transfer phenomenon. To appreciate the merits, in terms of energy, a numerical study has been carried out with fluid based on NPCM inside double pipe heat exchanger. The numerical simulation results have been validated using experimental heat transfer data. The Reynolds and Nusselt numbers have been determined using thermal conductivity and viscosity evaluated in the same conditions as those in numerical model. The results obtained show an improvement of this energetic criterion at low mass flow rate compared with the base fluid. Analysis of the numerical and analytical results reveal that higher inlet flow rate and NPCM concentration results in higher heat transfer rate. In addition, increasing NPCM slurry temperature decreases its performance due to fast melting of PCM inside the tube.     

热管式吸热器单元热管传热的数值模拟分析

热管式吸热器的热性能分析对吸热器设计有着重要意义，但由于其相变过程与热管传热的耦合作用十分复杂，至今仍是很少有人深入研究的领域。本文基于焓法建立单元热管耦合传热的物理和数学模型，模拟计算了热管壁温、蓄热容器壁温、循环工质出口温度及相变材料熔化率等参数，并与基本型吸热器进行比较，验证了热管吸热器明显改善了温度分布的均匀性和相变材料的熔化率。     

Thermal energy storage system using stearic acid as a phase change material

The thermal performance and phase change stability of stearic acid as a latent heat energy storage material has been studied experimentally. The thermal performance and heat transfer characteristics of the stearic acid were tested and compared with other studies given in the literature. In the present study, parameters such as transition times, temperature range and propagation of the solid–liquid interface as well as the effect of the heat flow rate on the phase change stability of stearic acid as a phase change material (PCM) were studied. The experimental results showed that the melting stability of the PCM is better in the radial direction than in the axial direction. The variation in the melting and solidification parameters of the PCM with the change of inlet water temperature is also studied. We observed that while the heat exchanger tube is in the horizontal position, the PCM has more effective and steady phase change characteristics than in the vertical position. The heat storage capacity of the container (PCM tube) is not as good as we expected in this study and the average heat storage efficiency (or heat exchanger effectiveness) is 50.3%. This indicates that 49.7% of the heat is actually lost somewhere.     

三套管式相变蓄热器强化传热研究

基于三套管式相变蓄热器的特点,提出应用T字形翅片来强化相变蓄热器的传热性能。研究结果表明:添加翅片可有效地降低蓄热器中相变材料的凝固和融化时间,直翅片和T字形翅片的混合强化结构能使凝固过程比未强化结构节省74%的时间,使融化过程节省60%的时间。因此直翅片和T字形翅片的混合使用可以达到进一步强化传热的目的。     

板式相变贮能换热器传热模型和热性能分析

建立了板式相变贮能换热器的无量纲传热模型。它对流体入口流量、入口温度随时间变化情况和需考虑入口效应及添加肋片的情况均适用。模型解和文献准稳态解吻合。作为算例,藉此模型从各时刻的流体温度、相变界面随空间的分布情况和相变蓄热比、相变传热效率、传热系数、完全相变截面位置随时间的变化情况六个角度分析了一板式相变贮能换热器的相变传热性能。该模型可为板式相变贮能换热器的结构优化设计和热性能分析提供帮助。     

水平管壳式相变蓄热装置的强化传热研究

基于焓法模型对水平管壳式相变蓄热装置热性能的增强进行研究,首先分析蓄热过程中传统管壳式装置内材料的传热及流动机理;然后引入椭圆元素并对比椭圆内管及外壳的强化传热效果;最后对热源温度、相变材料导热系数及初始温度对装置热性能的作用规律进行探讨。结果显示,椭圆外壳的强化传热效果优于内管,同等条件下,长短轴之比为2的椭圆外壳可使蓄热时间缩短53.5%。热源温度升高,椭圆外壳的强化传热效果进一步增强,相变材料的导热系数及初始温度对装置热性能的影响较小。     

Thermal Performance of a Phase Change Material‐Based Latent Heat Thermal Storage Unit

An experimental analysis is presented to establish the thermal performance of a latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) unit. Paraffin is used as the phase change material (PCM) on the shell side of the shell and tube‐type LHTS unit while water is used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) flowing through the inner tube. The fluid inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of HTF are varied and the temperature distribution of paraffin in the shell side is measured along the radial and axial direction during melting and solidification process. The total melting time is established for different mass flow rates and fluid inlet temperature of HTF. The motion of the solid–liquid interface of the PCM with time along axial and radial direction of the test unit is critically evaluated. The experimental results indicate that the melting front moves from top to bottom along the axial direction while the solidification front moves only in the radial direction. The total melting time of PCM increases as the mass flow rate and inlet temperature of HTF decreases. A correlation is proposed for the dimensionless melting time in terms of Reynolds number and Stefan number of HTF. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21120