38CrMoAlA钢的表面激光相变硬化层组织分析

为研究激光表面相变硬化对38CrMoAlA钢的表面耐磨性的影响,测定了该钢激光相变硬化层的显微硬度变化,并分析了该钢表面激光相变硬化层的微观组织。发现该硬化层由表及里可分四层,其中第二层显微硬度最高,第四层显微硬度最低。当采用激光束重叠扫描进行该钢的表面相变硬化时,重叠区域的回火软化效应可导致硬化效果有所降低,故光束重叠尺寸不可过高,本文选择1.2 mm。     

32SiMnMoVA低合金超高强度钢激光相变硬化机理

研究了32SiMnMoVA低合金超高强度钢激光相变硬化后淬硬层的显微硬度分布和组织结构，探讨了其激光相变硬化机理，结果表明．激光淬硬层显微硬度分布主要与激光加热时所产生的温度场分布有关，激光相变硬化机理主要是马氏体强化和晶粒细化。     

45钢激光束扫描数值模拟与组织性能北大核心CSCD

利用有限元软件ANSYS对激光束扫描试样的温度场进行数值模拟,研究其温度分布规律。研究激光束扫描对试样显微组织和性能的影响,探讨激光功率和扫描速度等工艺参数对相变硬化层组织性能的影响。采用光学显微镜分析45钢激光相变硬化区的显微组织,用显微硬度计进行硬度测量。结果表明:45钢经激光束扫描后,硬化层的显微组织为针状或板条状的马氏体,组织更加均匀、细小,试样表面硬度最高可达57.5 HRC,相比调质处理提高约1倍,激光扫描区域组织沿深度方向上成梯度分布规律,从表层往深度方向依次为相变硬化区、过渡区和基体。激光工艺参数对硬化层显微组织和性能有较大的影响,相变硬化层的深度和宽度随着激光功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小;硬化层的截面硬度随着激光功率和扫描速度的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化规律。     

45钢激光束扫描数值模拟与组织性能

利用有限元软件ANSYS对激光束扫描试样的温度场进行数值模拟,研究其温度分布规律。研究激光束扫描对试样显微组织和性能的影响,探讨激光功率和扫描速度等工艺参数对相变硬化层组织性能的影响。采用光学显微镜分析45钢激光相变硬化区的显微组织,用显微硬度计进行硬度测量。结果表明:45钢经激光束扫描后,硬化层的显微组织为针状或板条状的马氏体,组织更加均匀、细小,试样表面硬度最高可达57.5 HRC,相比调质处理提高约1倍,激光扫描区域组织沿深度方向上成梯度分布规律,从表层往深度方向依次为相变硬化区、过渡区和基体。激光工艺参数对硬化层显微组织和性能有较大的影响,相变硬化层的深度和宽度随着激光功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小;硬化层的截面硬度随着激光功率和扫描速度的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化规律。     

45钢多次激光相变硬化组织与性能研究

采用5kW横流CO2激光器对45钢表面进行了多次激光相变硬化，并对硬化区进行了X射线衍射谱分析、光学显微分析和硬度测试。结果表明：激光相变硬化区主要由马氏体、少量残余奥氏体组成，随着扫描次数的增多，组织进一步细化、弥散，缺陷密度更高，奥氏体的形核更容易，长大速度更快，临界硬化温度更低，导致硬化层深度增加，硬度提高。     

渗碳与激光相变强化复合处理16Cr3NiWMoVNbE 钢的组织演化

目的 增大16Cr3NiWMoVNbE钢经渗碳强化后的强化层深度，细化晶粒尺寸，提高表面力学性能，并减小工件热变形，缩短工艺周期。方法 将渗碳与激光相变强化相结合，利用“短时”渗碳提高表面含碳量，再通过激光快速局部加热，为碳原子扩散提供理想通道，改善强化层深度。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜，分别评价材料的金相组织、高倍显微组织，并通过显微硬度计、纳米力学探针对激光相变强化处理后的硬化层截面硬度、纳米硬度、弹性模量进行测试，揭示渗碳和激光相变复合强化16Cr3NiWMoVNbE钢的组织演化和强韧化机理。结果 随着激光能量输入量的增加，复合强化层的深度提高了约50%，显微硬度最大值为792HV，显微硬度提高了约30%，弹性模量、显微硬度呈先增加后降低的趋势，强化层显微组织板条逐渐减少，且尺寸不断粗化，残余奥氏体由薄膜状转变为块状，数量逐渐增加，碳化物聚集球化且数量减少。结论 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE钢经渗碳和激光相变复合强化后，得到了塑韧性优异的复合强化层，为航空发动机关键传动部件表面强化提供了新思路和理论支撑。     

AerMet100超高强度钢激光相变硬化研究

对AerMet100超高强度钢进行了激光相变硬化试验,并对淬硬层的显微硬度分布及其物相变化进行了测试与分析.结果表明,激光相变硬化后淬硬层的硬度得到提高,比基体提高了约200 HV0.2;在同样的激光处理工艺条件下,经激光相变硬化后原始状态为淬火态试样的淬硬层的硬度和深度比退火态试样的要高和深;相变硬化后,随着回火时间的延长,逆转变奥氏体含量增多,硬化层硬度降低.     

多道网格扫描激光相变硬化的性能研究

采用YLS-3000型光纤激光器对40Cr钢表面进行不同间距的网格扫描激光相变硬化。研究不同网格间距对硬化层的显微组织、硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:激光相变硬化层横截面由表及里依次可分为相变硬化区、过渡区和基体。相变硬化区的组织为细小针状马氏体+少量残余奥氏体,过渡区的组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体+铁素体+未溶碳化物,基体的组织为铁素体+珠光体。网格扫描相变硬化层的平均硬度约为61 HRC,网格交叉点的平均硬度可达62 HRC。随着网格间距的增加,试样的相对耐磨性先增大再减小,当网格间距为12 mm时,相对耐磨性可达基体的3.25倍。同时,此间距试样的钝化区间最宽,约为1530 m V,耐蚀性最强。     

45钢激光相变硬化和感应加热表面淬火硬化后的组织和性能

采用光学显微镜、电化学工作站和力学性能测试等对45钢在激光相变硬化和感应加热表面淬火两种不同淬火方法下的淬硬层组织、导电性能、耐腐蚀性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:经过激光相变硬化处理过的45钢试样导热性要低于感应加热表面淬火试样,而经过表面淬火处理的试样导热性明显低于未经过处理的试样;在相同扫描速度4 mm/s下,感应加热表面淬火试样的淬硬层深度远大于激光相变硬化试样的淬硬层深度,淬硬层组织分布相对弥散,马氏体转化率较低,激光相变硬化试样淬硬层组织晶粒相对细小,淬硬层较薄,转化马氏体组织较为均匀;同时激光相变硬化试样的腐蚀程度小于感应加热表面淬火试样,而感应加热表面淬火试样腐蚀后的硬度值及强度不如前者,总体而言,激光相变硬化试样的淬火效果要优于感应加热表面淬火试样的淬火效果。     

45钢激光相变硬化组织及性能研究

    利用轴流CO₂激光加工机对45钢在轴流基模条件下进行激光相变硬化处理,并研究了其激光相变硬化组织及性能.结果表明,改性层微观组织由表层至基体依次为：表面熔凝区为片状马氏体,均匀相变硬化区为隐晶马氏体,过渡区为混合马氏体、屈氏体和部分未熔的铁素体;激光相变硬化改性层的硬度与基体相比有大幅度提高;最高硬度（约为基体的3倍）出现在次表层;激光相变硬化处理后耐蚀性有所提高,随扫描速度增加,耐蚀性增强.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.