SF/COL/PLCL静电纺丝三维纳米纤维支架与人脐带血间充质干细胞的细胞相容性研究

目的研究SF/COL/PLCL静电纺丝三维纳米纤维支架与人脐带血(human umbilical cord blood,hUCB)间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)的细胞相容性。方法分离、培养hUCBMSCs,并进行传代,取第3代hUCBMSCs,茜素红染色和Von Kossa染色检测其体外诱导成骨分化的能力;流式细胞术检测其表面相关抗原的表达。制备SF/COL/PLCL静电纺丝三维纳米纤维支架,扫描电镜观察其形貌表征,并检测其力学性能。将hUCBMSCs接种于静电纺丝三维纳米纤维支架上,观察细胞在支架上的生长及增殖情况。结果 hUCBMSCs具有成骨诱导分化能力,其表达CD44、CD29、CD90和CD105,不表达CD45和CD34。SF/COL/PLCL复合纳米纤维的纤维形貌良好,随着PLCL含量的增加,纤维的直径和力学性能均逐渐增加。hUCBMSCs能够在三维纳米纤维支架上很好地黏附,并相互连接向周围扩展,三维纳米纤维支架能很好地促进细胞黏附和增殖,与常规培养的细胞相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),当SF/COL与PLCL的质量比为30∶70时,最有利于细胞的生长。结论 hUCBMSCs能够在SF/COL/PLCL静电纺丝纳米纤维支架上生长、增殖,这种支架材料具有良好的力学性能及细胞相容性,有望成为一种新型组织工程支架材料。     

3D打印聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯）/掺锶羟基磷灰石人工骨支架的制备及性能评价

为了促进骨缺损的快速修复,文章利用3D打印技术制造了不同掺锶羟基磷灰石（SrHA）含量的具有多孔隙结构的聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯）/掺锶羟基磷灰石（P34HB/SrHA）人工骨修复支架,并研究了SrHA含量对复合支架流变性能、体外降解性能和促成骨活性的影响。结果表明：SrHA含量为0～20%时,P34HB/SrHA复合材料的表观黏度随着SrHA含量的增加而逐渐降低,SrHA显著提高了P34HB的可打印性能。3D打印P34HB/SrHA复合支架均具有规则的外观和规整的内部孔隙结构,SrHA在P34HB基体中能够均匀分散。当SrHA含量为20%时,P34HB/SrHA复合支架的压缩强度与P34HB支架相比增加了83.1%,力学性能得到提升。P34HB/SrHA复合支架随着时间的延长而逐渐降解,降解率与SrHA的含量成正比。与P34HB支架相比,P34HB/SrHA复合支架的pH值为7.4±0.1,SrHA在降解过程中起维持p H值稳定的作用。P34HB/SrHA能够促进细胞的增殖和分化,具备较好的成骨诱导活性。     

明胶/丝素蛋白混合支架与韧带成纤细胞联合培养增强间充质干细胞的分化

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)向成纤细胞的分化是韧带组织工程研究的一个关键问题。该项研究旨在探讨利用共培养系统诱导分化MSC的可行性,并以此来构建体外韧带组织工程系统。一种丝增强明胶/丝素蛋白组织工程支架为MSC提供三维培养环境。三维共培养系统由正在培养的MSC/组织工程支架和Transwell小室中的韧带成纤细胞组成。实验对MSC上的成纤细胞的调节作用对进行了测定。两周后,共培养系统的MSC比非共同培养系统呈现较快的增殖和较高的DNA含量。MSC均匀地分布在整个支架上,并呈现出良好的生存能力。胶原蛋白量也在培养时间内大大增加。共培养体系的MSC,被证明通过表达韧带细胞外基质(ECM)的特异性基因——I型胶原、III型胶原、mRNA和蛋白质水平的Tenascin-C而分化为成纤细胞。免疫组织化学染色也证实了合成的关键是韧带细胞外基质的成分。研究显示,从成纤细胞释放出的特异调节信号在三维共培养系统中可以为韧带组织工程提高MSC分化。     

聚乳酸/壳聚糖/氧化石墨烯载阿司匹林仿生支架的制备与表征

单纯的支架仿生结构在调节细胞行为和骨组织再生方面有一定的局限性，因此将仿生支架与纳米给药相结合成为一种提高支架功能的有效解决方案。本文采用相分离法成功制备了不同ASA （阿司匹林）含量的三维多孔PLA/CS/GO/ASA载药仿生复合支架。ASA的添加破坏了PLA球晶结构的形成，但对仿生微、纳米纤维结构的影响不大；实验范围内随ASA含量的增加，载药支架亲水性能有所改善，但孔隙率呈先减后增的趋势，均大于80%；溶血率和血小板黏附实验表明，控制ASA含量在5%以下可获得具有良好血液相容性的支架材料；体外细胞增殖实验则表明所制备的载药支架具有细胞相容性；低ASA含量可以促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖，高含量的ASA对MC3T3-E1细胞有一定的抑制作用；药物缓释实验表明PLA/CS/GO/ASA载药仿生复合支架具有良好的ASA缓释性能。     

聚己内酯/胶原/丝素复合微纳米纤维膜的制备

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚己内酯(PCL)与胶原/丝素(COL/SF)质量比为0∶100、10∶90、20∶80、30∶70、40∶60、50∶50的复合微纳米纤维膜,通过扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试和接触角测试等对复合纤维膜的理化性能进行表征,并将HepG_2细胞种植在复合纤维膜上检测其细胞生物相容性。结果表明:PCL/COL/SF复合微纳米纤维膜纤维形貌良好,纤维直径和亲水性随PCL含量的增加而减小;PCL/COL/SF复合纤维膜具有较好的力学性能。PCL与COL/SF质量比为30∶70时,复合纤维膜亲水性良好,强度和柔性最佳,并且HepG_2细胞在复合纤维膜表面黏附生长良好,细胞增殖情况明显,表明PCL与COL/SF质量比为30∶70的复合纤维膜有望成为一种良好的载体,可应用于体外肝细胞培养。     

新型胶原基人工皮肤模型的建立

根据皮肤的组织结构与生理功能,研制了复合天然三维网络结构胶原组织工程支架材料,并以此为支架材料建立了3层结构的人工皮肤模型:上层是具有良好生物相容性且可降解的聚合物涂层,可以屏蔽细菌并保持人工皮肤良好的透水气性;中间是复合型天然三维网络结构胶原纤维支架材料层,为细胞的增殖提供三维空间和良好的生长环境,起到真皮基质的作用;下层是药物层,具有营养、抗菌消炎、刺激细胞生长的作用。     

牛煅烧骨/Ⅰ型胶原复合骨修复材料制备及评价

将牛煅烧骨(TBC)和Ⅰ型胶原(CoL)按不同质量比混合,经戊二醛交联、冷冻干燥等处理后制得复合支架,研究了不同材料比例及胶原交联对材料性能的影响,分析了支架材料的理化性能,通过CCK-8法评价了细胞在支架上的增殖情况.结果表明,所制TBC/CoL支架具有多孔结构,平均孔隙率为93.5%,杨氏模量为4.36±0.21 MPa;复合支架中TBC在CoL上发生了化学吸附,CoL结构保持完整;MC3T3-E1细胞在支架上培养24 h在支架表面生长良好,增殖情况与对照组无明显差别(P0.05).     

多壁碳纳米管增强聚己内酯多孔骨支架的制备与性能

以聚己内酯(PCL)为基体,多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为增强剂,配置了MWCNT质量分数为0、0. 2%、0. 5%和1%的复合粉末,并用选择性激光烧结技术制备成多孔骨支架、拉伸和弯曲样件,并对其微观结构、力学性能和细胞毒性进行测试。结果显示,制件的压缩、拉伸和弯曲强度随MWCNT含量的增加先增加后减小,当其质量分数为0. 5%时达到最大(分别为10. 56、14. 36、14. 84 MPa); PCL/0. 5MWCNT多孔骨支架无明显细胞毒性,能为细胞提供良好的生长和增殖环境。     

PLA/PCL纤维及其支架的制备与力学性能研究

将一定质量比聚乳酸(PLA)与聚己内酯(PCL)进行共混,通过熔融纺丝得到PLA/PCL初生纤维,再经过热拉伸后得到PLA/PCL纤维;利用自制模具采用手工编织的方法制备了PLA/PCL管道支架;对PLA/PCL纤维及其支架的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明:当PLA/PCL质量比为40:60时,PLA/PCL初生纤维的综合力学性能较好;拉伸温度和拉伸倍数对PLA/PCL初生纤维的力学性能影响较大,当拉伸温度为85℃、拉伸倍数为7时,所得的PLA/PCL纤维力学性能最好;在一定温度区间内,PLA/PCL支架的支撑力随着定型温度的升高而升高,合适的定型温度应为其玻璃化转变温度至130℃之间,制备的PLA/PCL支架具有良好的弯曲性、压缩性和支撑性能,能满足支架应用的需求。     

聚乙烯醇/牛I型胶原支架材料的制备及评价

研究了一种聚乙烯醇(PVA)和胶原(COL)复合支架材料的制备方法。采用氨基硅烷对PVA海绵表面进行了氨基化修饰后,通过戊二醛溶液交联牛Ⅰ型胶原(COL),最后通过赖氨酸溶液封闭,获得一种PVA/COL复合支架材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段对支架材料的理化性能进行表征,并通过细胞实验对支架材料的生物学性能进行评价。结果表明,经过COL修饰的PVA孔隙率为21.33%,平均孔径为168.68 ?m且均匀分布,支架材料接触角为20.03°。对支架材料的生物学评价结果表明C3A细胞在复合材料上黏附良好,优于PVA组;CCK-8增殖检测结果表明细胞在复合材料上呈增殖生长趋势,与对照组PVA相比差异显著(P?0.01)。将PVA和COL复合制备得到的支架材料具有良好的理化及生物学特性,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.