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生土建筑是一种传统建筑形式,但传统生土建筑墙体材料抗震性能较差。总结我国生土墙体抗震性能、生土房屋抗震性能、生土结构抗震加固等方面的研究进展,为生土建筑提供参考。 相似文献
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在全球能源危机之后,生土建筑作为一种极具生态价值与地域特色的建筑形式,再度在国外建筑市场兴盛。生土材料应用广泛,可以用于建造墙体、室内壁炉、室内装饰墙以及制作涂料等。与国外的蓬勃发展相比,现代生土建筑当前在我国的发展似乎停滞不前。究其原因,法规对于一国的产业发展有相当的影响。了解国外法规发展经验,将对我国生土建筑产业链发展起到促进作用。为此,从分析几个代表性国家的生土建筑法规出发,探究法规对该国生土材料使用与生土建筑设计的影响。并借鉴国外生土建筑法规,结合我国国情展开探讨。加强与生土建筑产业相关专项法规的制订与政策扶持,推动生土建筑产业作为生态建筑。 相似文献
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生土建筑是浙江农村一种传统的建筑形式。从70年代后期开始,生土建筑这一古老的建筑形式,在浙江农村发生了深刻的变化。除了大家所熟知的泥木结构外,出现了以生土墙承重的“生土——钢筋混凝土”结构(生土混合结构),使生土建筑随着时代的发展而焕发出新的活力。一改千百年来以素土夯筑生土墙的施工习惯,现在浙江农村的不少地区夯筑成三合土墙或灰砂墙。浙江的诸暨及其邻近的肖山、义鸟、江浦等 相似文献
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本文简述了生土砌块建筑的发展过程,以及国内外关于生土砌块在物理性能、力学性能和耐久性方面的研究进展。基于生土材料自身特点和复杂性,以及现代建筑技术要求的提高,指出需要进一步开展生土砌块性能优化及生产应用技术研究:生土砌块性能优化、生土砌块的再生性、生土砌块试验方法、生土砌块生产应用技术、配套粘结和抹面材料,为生土砌块和生土砌块建筑发展提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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很久以前,人类就开始用生土建造房屋。随着砼、钢等材料的问世及综合应用,生土这种建筑材料被人们忽略了,即使在一些不发达的国家和地区,生土也已被砖和砼所代替。 在今天恢复这种古老的建筑形式将会是非常吸引人的。现在这种传统技术在也门、摩洛哥等适于用生土建造房屋的地方仍在应用。关于这种生土建筑,有两点需要说明: 1.无论过去还是现在,用于传统生土建筑的土都是一种掺着水和草的泥土,这种泥一般被固定在两块木板间,然后晒干,或者直接做成土坯风干。 相似文献
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古建筑中砖-土结构材料的劣化与古建筑裂缝扩展关系密切。以现役西安明代城墙及钟楼等古建筑为研究对象,对其墙体开裂特征及开裂原因开展了现场调研,并采用室内试验、回弹试验、面波测试和环境激励法对比分析了砖墙砌体及夯土材料的等效力学参数及其合理的取值范围。提出了考虑损伤的砌体力学模型,通过室内试验获取了夯土软化期间力学参数与饱和度的关系,采用数值分析方法对比分析了砖-土结构材料在劣化或软化期间古建筑基座的受力和变形特征。研究结果表明:夯土软化会诱发古建筑基座裂缝由上向下扩展,砌体劣化会导致裂缝由下向上扩展,且夯土软化效应对古建筑的稳定性影响更大;为了加强古建筑基座的稳定性,应采取有效的防、排水措施防止水分入渗,控制基座内夯土的饱和度低于75%,对外墙砌体结构开裂位置采取相应的加固措施,控制现役状态下的砌体损伤因子低于0.6。 相似文献
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文章简要论述了生土建筑的发展历史和夯土建筑的营造技艺,以福建土楼为例指出夯土营造技艺具有取材方便、热功性好、隔声性好的优势,以及耐久抗震性差、结构选型局限、施工成本高、建设周期长、卫生条件欠缺几方面弊端。同时文章阐述了国内外建筑师对夯土建筑的一系列非连贯性的建造实验和探索,以及进行这种夯土建筑营造对传统和当代建筑意义。最后,提出夯土技术在新时代发展过程中创新的思维和方向。根据保护的不同等级的要求,在原始复原、改良维护、保护探索三个层面进行研究。 相似文献
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本文对福州“三坊七巷”现场历史夯土墙进行取样,研究历史夯土墙材料的抗压强度,并对采用传统技术与工艺夯筑眄对比夯土墙进行取样试验、对比分析,相关研究成果可做为历史文物夯土墙修缮加固的技术参考。 相似文献
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土坯作为一种生态、低碳和环保的建筑材料,其力学性能是学界和工程技术人员关注的重点。为了提高土坯的综合抗拉特性,提出采用纤维加筋技术对土坯进行改性处理。通过模拟土坯的形成过程,制备了一系列不同纤维掺量(0~0.2%)、初始含水率(16.5%~20.5%)和干密度(1.50~1.70 g/cm3)的压实土坯试样,进行自然干燥处理,并对干燥后的土坯试样开展了一系列劈裂试验,重点分析了纤维掺量和初始压实状态对土坯干燥失水过程及抗拉强度的影响。结果表明:(1)纤维加筋对土坯的干燥失水过程没有明显影响,但加筋土坯的残余含水率随纤维掺量呈"先降后升"趋势;(2)纤维加筋能显著提高土坯的抗拉强度,但其对抗拉强度的贡献随掺量的参加呈"先升后缓"趋势,对南京地区的下蜀土而言,其最优纤维掺量为0.1%,且纤维加筋能有效抑制土坯的脆性破坏模式,改善土坯的残余抗拉强度和韧性;(3)提高土坯制作时的初始含水率和初始干密度对改善土坯的抗拉强度和纤维加筋效果有较好的正面作用;(4)纤-土界面的微观力学作用及纤维的"桥梁"作用是控制纤维加筋土坯综合抗拉特性的关键因素。 相似文献
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Rammed earth construction is attracting a renewed interest throughout the world thanks to its “green” characteristics in the context of sustainable development. Several studies have been carried out to investigate this material and evaluate its durability along with its mechanical, thermal and earthquake capacities. This paper presents a study on the parameters needed for the seismic design of rammed earth buildings in accordance with current earthquake standards. First, the dynamic parameters of buildings such as natural frequencies and damping ratios-which were necessary to determine the equivalent static seismic force-were identified using in-situ dynamic measurements. Then, these experimental values were compared with the values calculated by empirical formulas suggested in Eurocode 8 to demonstrate that these formulas were applicable for the cases of rammed earth structures. Then, modeling was done to find a simple suitable model for rammed earth structures. Laboratory experiments were developed to measure the Poisson’s ratio which was necessary for the models. The results provided by the shear-beam model were close to that of in-situ experiments, which showed a shearing behavior of rammed earth structures. Elements which influenced the dynamic behavior of this structural type were also discussed. Understanding the dynamic characteristics of rammed earth structures will help engineers in their design of new rammed earth buildings but also in earthquake analyses of existing rammed earth buildings. 相似文献
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A two-storey rammed earth building was built on the Thurgoona Campus of Charles Sturt University in Albury-Wodonga, Australia, in 1999. The building is novel both in the use of materials and equipment for heating and cooling. The climate at Wodonga can be characterised as hot and dry, so the challenge of providing comfortable working conditions with minimal energy consumption is considerable. This paper describes an evaluation of the building in terms of measured thermal comfort and energy use. Measurements, confirmed by a staff questionnaire, found the building was too hot in summer and too cold in winter. Comparison with another office building in the same location found that the rammed earth building used more energy for heating. The thermal performance of three offices in the rammed earth building was investigated further using simulation to predict office temperatures. Comparisons were made with measurements made over typical weeks in summer and winter. The validated model has been used to investigate key building parameters and strategies to improve the thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption in the building. Simulations showed that improvements could be made by design and control strategy changes. 相似文献
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《Construction and Building Materials》2007,21(11):1971-1976
In order to minimize the environmental impacts caused by over exploitation of natural resources for the production of building material, the possibility of using cement stabilized rammed earth for load-bearing walls has been assessed. Since the vertical load carrying capacity primarily depends on the compressive strength, a comprehensive study was conducted for rammed earth walls constructed with three commonly available laterite soil types in Sri Lanka. The results indicate the possibility of using rammed earth for single storey houses which may also be extended to two storey houses. The load deformation characteristics were used to determine the suitable partial safety factors for the structural design. 相似文献