光伏驱动的鼓泡加湿-热泵海水淡化装置研究

提出一种高效空气鼓泡加湿与热泵相结合的新型海水淡化装置,该装置可采用光伏发电驱动。重点设计加湿器及热泵的主要工艺参数和结构参数;计算并分析热泵冷凝和蒸发温度对装置主要性能参数的影响。研究表明,在设计工况下,0.09 m~2加湿器的产水量为6.40 kg/h,压缩机功耗为0.31kW。     

一种新型太阳能海水淡化系统的实验研究

介绍了一种新型的太阳能海水淡化方法,即结合太阳能空气集热器和太阳能热管、利用空气增湿除湿来实现海水淡化。分别进行了电吹风模拟太阳能空气集热器的蒸发器实验,以及结合3m2太阳能空气集热器和热管集热器的实际装置实验。结果表明,影响蒸发量的主要因素为热空气温度、热空气流量、初始水量、水温、出气孔直径和数量。实验结果表明,装置可获得的最大冷凝量为790g/h,计算出系统的产水率和热力学效率分别为5.59×10-5kg/kJ和12.4%。     

太阳能光热海水淡化系统应用研究

介绍太阳能光热产蒸汽系统和海水淡化系统,将高温蒸汽和海水淡化装置在集成系统中加以融合,实现一种太阳能光热海水淡化系统,并以风力发电作为辅助系统。文章以全国第一个太阳能光热海水淡化示范项目为例,对该系统进行详细的性能和效果应用分析,在该项目成功产水之后展望太阳能海水淡化今后的发展方向与前景。     

雾化加湿除湿海水淡化中蒸发过程实验研究

将雾化强化加湿技术引入加湿除湿海水淡化系统,搭建雾化加湿过程性能测试平台,并对不同操作下雾化加湿器内的雾滴蒸发与空气热湿过程进行实验研究。实验表明,气液体积比与进口空气温度对加湿器的加湿性能影响较大,当加湿器进口空气温度为90℃,气液体积比为(20~25)×10~3时,加湿器出口温度约为36℃,出口相对湿度在90%以上,蒸发率在50%以上。     

太阳能烟囱综合利用海水系统的初步研究

针对目前太阳能海水淡化技术和太阳能烟囱发电技术在经济或技术上存在的问题,提出了太阳能烟囱综合利用海水系统,在利用太阳能烟囱进行海水淡化的同时,以制取的淡水进行水力发电。首先以天津汉沽地区的气象数据对综合系统的性能进行了初步估算;其次建立并优化小型实验系统,获取不同冷凝方式的实验结果。通过实验与理论估算结果的对比来分析该综合系统的理论和经济可行性。理论和实验研究结果表明:采用间壁冷凝换热方式,所提出的综合设计方案具有可行性,并同时推动太阳能烟囱技术和海水淡化技术的发展。     

低温多效太阳能海水淡化装置最优集热系统的匹配研究

利用实际天气的太阳辐射值,根据一套低温四效太阳能海水淡化系统稳态实验数据,通过模拟计算,研究分析与该海水淡化系统匹配的太阳能集热系统参数,给出太阳能集热系统集热器面积和储热水箱容量、海水淡化系统启动和暂停温度等参数的最佳取值范围,计算了该装置的年淡水产量,为太阳能海水淡化装置的设计提供一种有效地方法.     

潜热回收的太阳能海水淡化装置

本文阐述了一种与常规太阳能蒸馏不同的利用冷凝热和海水淡化时释放出的显热系统。经分析,其性能较佳。目前该系统正在埃及施工。如图1所示:它由一台加湿器、一台太阳能蒸馏器或通道,一台冷凝器和一个池子所组成。在加湿器中,进入的环境空气由池子中的温暖盐水加湿加热。如果盐水的出口温度高于环境温度,则返回到池水中,反之,则排出。太阳能蒸馏器是一个长条形玻璃盖板的通道,约长200米。其横载面如图(2)所示。     

双热质耦合加湿除湿海水淡化性能试验分析

基于加湿除湿海水淡化技术,采用直接接触式除湿方法,设计了双热质耦合加湿除湿海水淡化装置。构建了相关的试验系统,并对海水淡化装置的热力性能进行了试验测试,获得了双热质耦合加湿除湿海水淡化系统设计工况点下的热力性能,并对海水流量、空气流量和气体分布器与海水淡化系统性能的依变规律进行了研究。测试结果表明:在双热质耦合加湿除湿海水淡化系统设计工况下,装置造水量和单位体积造水量分别达到5.3 kg·h~(-1)和16.56 kg·m~(-3)·h~(-1);产水量随着海水流量增加先增加12.5%后减小20.6%;减小空气流量装置的造水量减小了9.7%;加湿器引入气体分布器,装置的产水量增加11.3%。     

多效蒸馏/闪蒸太阳能海水淡化系统数值模拟

根据顺流五效蒸馏/闪蒸太阳能海水淡化装置,参照广东地区春分日和冬至日太阳能辐射量情况,通过数值模拟对这套太阳能海水淡化系统运行参数进行分析,得出一年内不同季节系统最佳运行参数;同时得到了春秋季和冬季不同运行条件下相邻两效间的最大压力差,为系统全年能否正常工作的判定提供依据,从而为太阳能海水淡化系统运行奠定理论基础。     

不凝气体对竖管太阳能海水淡化装置性能的影响

针对太阳能海水淡化装置内不凝气体抑制气水混合物冷凝换热的问题,设计一种竖管太阳能海水淡化装置,通过分别填充氦气和空气作为蒸发冷凝腔工作介质,研究2种不凝气体对装置产水速率、蒸发冷凝温差、热扩散系数以及竖直温度梯度分布等性能的影响机理。结果表明,该淡化装置加热温度为80℃时,填充氦气的装置产水速率为245 g/h,比填充空气的装置产水速率增加15%,填充氦气的装置上测点温度与下测点温度相差约0.1℃,基于试验数据给出不凝气体为氦气运行条件下装置内Nu与Ra的经验关联式,二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数为0.9926。     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of bubble column humidification and thermoelectric cooler dehumidification water desalination system

The desalination of adulterated water for potable water is very important and in-demand because of the scarcity of the potable water. The bubble column (BC)–type humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems have shown promising results for low quantum need of fresh water. The present work consists of bubbler humidifier for increasing the humidity of atmospheric air and thermoelectric cooling (TEC) modules for the dehumidification of the humidified air. The air and water have been heated through external device for the sake of performance enhancement. The work of the proposed HDH system has been assessed experimentally as well as theoretically in order to identify the impact of system operational parameters like temperature of air and water, diameter of hole on the periphery of circling tube, height of hot water column, and the air mass flow rate on the production of fresh water. The daily distillate production achieved during the investigation was in the range of 7 to 13 L/d for different operational parameters although the best experimental productivity of the system was reported 12.96 L/d for 2 mm of hole diameter, 0.016 kg/s of air mass flow rate, 60°C of temperature of water, 27°C of temperature of air, and 7 cm of water column height in the humidifier. The gained output ratio of the system was 0.8 for 0.016 kg/s of mass flow rate of air. A theoretical model of the system is also proposed, and results of model are validated against experimental results, which have shown the great agreement.     

Humidification-dehumidification water desalination system integrated with multiple evaporators/condensers heat pump unit

A study of the performance enhancement of a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system integrated with multiple evaporators/condensers heat pump (HP) and heat recovery units is presented. The HP unit is intended to deliver necessary heating for humidifier and heating/cooling for dehumidifier in a new strategy. The proposed integrated system is capable to produce fresh water from the HDH system and HP unit. Four different configurations of the system formed by excluding/adding condensers and evaporators were investigated; mode-A (seawater precooling and reheating), mode-B (seawater reheating), mode-C (seawater precooling and humid air reheating), and mode-D (humid air reheating). Fresh water productivity, fresh water ratio, system water recovery, gain output ratio, specific work consumption, and fresh water production cost were used as performance measuring parameters of the system. The influences of operating parameters on the system performance were analytically studied and experimentally validated for different system configurations. The results indicate the enhancement of the systems' performance with increasing ambient air temperature and humidity, seawater and air flow rates, and with decreasing seawater temperature. The system configuration of mode-B shows the best performance with fresh water production of 61.94 kg/h and gain output ratio of 4.97 which are higher than those of the other configurations by 13%, 55%, 85% and 11%, 48%, and 75%, respectively. Comparisons of the proposed configurations with the other HDH desalination systems available in the literature were presented and better performance of the proposed systems was noticed.     

应用人工神经网络(ANN)分析热泵型海水淡化系统产水特性

利用人工神经网络来模拟仿真热泵型海水淡化系统的性能。以空气入口干球温度和湿球温度、预冷器进口冷却水温度、预冷器出口冷却水温度、海水喷淋温度作为输入参数,建立了海水淡化系统产水(淡水)模型。对建好的神经网络模型经训练学习后,用来模拟预测预冷器和蒸发器的产水值,并且与数值模拟产水值、实验产水值进行了比较,误差较小。表明利用人工神经网络(ANN)建立的热泵型海水淡化系统仿真模型取得了满意的结果。     

负压对太阳能加湿除湿产淡水性能的影响

为提高淡水产量,设计一种太阳能负压式太阳能加湿除湿海水淡化系统,通过减小加湿腔体内压强来增加湿空气中含湿量,湿空气分别在液环真空泵和除湿腔内冷凝收集得到淡水。湿空气中含湿量上升,日产淡水总量增加。当湿空气温度70 ℃时,加湿腔压强从90 kPa减至70 kPa,含湿量增加154.9 g/kg;加湿腔压强70 kPa时,12：00—14：00可稳定产淡水1.8 kg/h以上,最高可达2.1 kg/h。装置性能系数GOR最高可达1.7。     

基于水冷压缩式制冷循环的CO2水合物海水淡化实验研究

提出一种基于水冷压缩式制冷循环的CO₂水合物海水淡化方法,并进行了CO₂水合物海水淡化实验,实验选取4种不同的初始海水盐度（10‰、20‰、30‰、40‰）,控制其温度为20℃,在4种不同的充注压力（3.6 MPa、3.8 MPa、4.0 MPa、4.2 MPa）下进行实验,考察了初始海水盐度和充注压力对海水淡化效果的影响。结果表明,充注压力越高,初始海水盐度越低,水合反应预冷时间越短。在充注压力为4.2 MPa、初始海水盐度为10‰时,预冷时间最短（15.01 min）,淡化水产量最高（3 172.34 g）,淡化速率最快（211.35 g/min）,淡化水盐度最低（4.49‰）,盐去除率为5.11‰。在充注压力为4.2 MPa、初始海水盐度为30‰时,淡化水产量为2 868.66 g,淡化速率为165.63 g/min,淡化水盐度为6.49‰,盐去除率最高,为8.37‰。充注压力越高,初始海水盐度越低,则淡化水能耗越低。     

多级鼓泡式加湿除湿型太阳能海水淡化装置研究

提出一种多级鼓泡式加湿除湿型海水淡化装置。该装置主要由多曲面太阳能聚光系统、加湿层和除湿层以及相应的泵和管路组成。经聚光器加热后的高温空气在风机驱动下分别进入加湿层和除湿层,热风穿过各级筛板及筛孔,产生气泡,增大了空气与水的接触面积,强化了传热传质过程。在不同天气下对装置进行实验研究,结果表明：在晴朗天气下,装置的太阳能利用率最高可达0.41,淡化装置效率最大可达1.23,最大产水速率为3.66 kg/h,全天产水量为17.08 kg;在非晴朗天气下,装置产水量为12.43 kg。     

A prototype flash cooling desalination system using cooling water effluents

This paper presents a flash cooling desalination system to reduce thermal pollution and also to produce freshwater using the heat rejected by the process plant into the environment. The prototype plant was erected in an existing coal‐based thermal power plant at North Chennai, India. It consists of an air‐tight barometric sealed flash cooler, positioned at a level at least 10.13 m above the ground level, for the feed seawater to flow under the effect of gravity and to maintain a low pressure. The prototype plant was tested by using a small fraction of the available flows without using any mechanical energy such as motive steam from the power plant. A freshwater production rate of 0.49% of the feed seawater is obtained from the available thermal gradient of 8.5 °C from the condenser reject heat of the power plant, and then the waste water is discharged at near intake concentration of salinity into the sea. The temperature of hot feed seawater is also reduced by 3 °C. The results are used to provide an outline technical specification for larger capacity desalination plant to meet the growing need for freshwater. This is an environment friendly desalination process and consumes no chemicals as it operates at near ambient temperature. This can be effectively utilized for the generation of freshwater, besides protecting the marine ecosystem along the shore, and reducing the load on the cooling tower or eliminating the need for it completely. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海水淡化与火力发电厂现状

针对国内水资源的日益匮乏的现状,结合火力发电厂能源的回收利用,在传统的海水淡化技术系统基础上提出了蒸馏法和反渗透膜法相结合的海水淡化系统——MSF-RO联合海水淡化系统。通过与传统单一海水淡化技术相比较,指出联合海水淡化系统经济性和优越性,并对今后海水淡化核心和发展方向做出展望。     

气隙扩散蒸馏海水淡化装置的㶲分析

利用海水淡化技术将淡水从海水中分离出来是解决淡水资源短缺问题的有效途径。气隙扩散蒸馏装置是一种热分离装置,该装置具有表面积大、工作温度低、热源适应性好、金属消耗量低、常压运行等优点,非常适合偏远山区和海岛地区的应用。对气隙扩散蒸馏模型进行了建模,利用NaCl水溶液模型进行了■分析。以热料液温度、冷料液温度、溶液流量对■效率的影响进行了敏感性分析。计算并比较了外热源、蒸发器、气隙和冷凝器的■损失。研究发现气隙扩散蒸馏装置■效率可以达到30%,为工艺优化和提高装置的能效提供了指导。     

燃料电池空气系统增湿器建模与仿真

建立气-气增湿器的数学理论模型,并基于Amesim软件建立燃料电池增湿器及空气系统仿真模型,从燃料电池系统层面分析干湿侧不同温度、压力、水含量等输入条件下的干侧出口空气的湿度变化情况,并采用水转移率（water vapor transfer rate,WVTR）对增湿器增湿性能进行评价,结果表明此模型可进行前期验证,能较好地预测汽车运行过程中增湿器的动态响应特性。