氧化锆陶瓷沟道磨削表面质量研究

在氧化锆陶瓷沟道磨削中,为提高表面质量,并提高磨削效率、降低成本,采用单因素实验切入式磨削沟道,研究工艺参数对氧化锆陶瓷沟道表面质量的影响规律及材料的去除机理,并通过扫描电子显微镜,观察磨削后的表面形貌,在单因素实验基础上进行正交实验,对工艺参数进行优化.实验结果表明,表面粗糙度值Ra、R3y 、Rz随磨削深度、砂轮线速度、工件进给速度增大而减小;优化组合参数为磨削深度20 μm、砂轮线速度40 m/s、工件进给速度7 000 mm/min.为提高磨削效率、降低成本,可以适当提高磨削深度,适当的增加磨削热量有利于降低表面粗糙度;采用切入式方法磨削沟道,磨削内圈沟道时,尽量选用半径较大的金刚石砂轮;存在适当大小的峰谷高度差,波谷可以起到储油作用,有助于轴承润滑,减少轴承磨损.     

粒径对磨屑粉填充EPDM胶料性能的影响

研究了4种不同粒径的PMMA磨屑粉填充的EPDM性能的变化.力学性能试验表明:EPDM以粒径为47μm的磨屑粉填充时,拉伸强度最高;以粒径为190μm的磨屑粉填充时,断裂伸长率最高.扫描电镜(SEM)形貌观察分析表明:随着磨屑粉粒径越小,磨屑粉与EPDM之间的界面结合越强.     

扩散退火对热浸镀铝钢组成与形貌的影响及其干滑动磨损行为研究

对45钢热浸镀铝后再高温扩散退火,得到Fe–Al金属间化合物镀层,并进行销盘式干滑动摩擦磨损试验。探讨了在不同温度下扩散处理不同时间所得镀层的组成、形貌及其在不同载荷和滑动速率下的干滑动磨损行为和机理。结果表明,经1 050°C扩散退火4.5 h后的热浸镀铝层由内层Fe Al相和外层Fe_3Al相构成。热浸镀铝钢在0.75 m/s的低速下滑动时主要为磨粒磨损,磨损率很高。当滑动速率为1.50 m/s时,热浸镀铝钢主要表现为塑性变形和轻微氧化磨损,磨面生成具有保护作用的双层摩擦层,磨损率降低。当滑动速率为4.00 m/s时,磨损机制由轻微的氧化磨损转变为严重的氧化磨损,摩擦层出现较大面积剥层、裂纹和断裂,磨损率小幅升高。     

旋风分离器防磨减阻性能机理研究

为了提高旋风分离器的防磨减阻性能,运用计算流体动力学方法研究了常规和防磨减阻旋风分离器的防磨减阻机理。结果表明:常规旋风分离器容易发生严重的局部冲蚀,而防磨减阻旋风分离器冲蚀磨损区域较为均匀。在同一粒径下,防磨减阻旋风分离器的壁面冲蚀磨损远小于常规旋风分离器。两者的壁面冲蚀磨损速率随粒径增大而逐渐增大,当粒径大于15μm时,冲蚀磨损速率变化不大。两者的压降损失随着入口速度的增加而增大,当入口速度为15 m/s时,防磨减阻旋风分离器的压降为297 Pa远小于常规旋风分离器的821 Pa。防磨减阻板不会改变旋风分离器的流场特性,分离小粒径颗粒效率略小于常规旋风分离器,但粒径大于5μm时,防磨减阻旋风分离器具有很高的分离效率。     

钎焊金刚石砂轮磨削YG8硬质合金的试验研究

采用细粒度钎焊金刚石砂轮(粒度100/120)对YG8硬质合金进行磨削性能评价。结果表明:法向磨削力和切向磨削力均随着砂轮线速度的增大而减小、随着工件进给速度和磨削深度的增加而增大,其中磨削深度对磨削力的影响最大;法向磨削力与切向磨削力存在线性关系,其比值约为4.17;砂轮/工件接触面符合库伦摩擦定律,滑动摩擦系数为0.24;磨削后工件表面粗糙度随着砂轮线速度的增加而下降、随着进给速度和切深的增加而增加,其垂直方向粗糙度0.6~0.9μm,平行方向粗糙度0.05~0.2μm。     

蠕动进给碳化钨砂轮高速磨削实验研究

描述了在蠕动进给碳化钨砂轮磨削时的磨削应力和磨损的实验研究,这项实验是在热固性树脂结合剂砂轮的工作台移动速度从0.02m/min到0.4m/min和磨削速度从32m/s到58m/s的条件下进行的,当磨削速度提高到58m/s且工作台移动速度小于0.1m/min时,磨削力达到稳定状态,并且不会随着磨除率的增加而增大,砂轮磨损降低,这时可得到良好的磨削效果.     

LDPE/镜片磨屑粉/POE-g-MAH复合材料的制备及性能

采用3种粒径分布为80 ～250、120 ～250、80 ～120 μm的镜片磨屑粉,以单螺杆挤出机挤出,分别制备了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/镜片磨屑粉/乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)复合材料,阐述了镜片磨屑粉用量对复合材料的力学性能和流动性能的影响及复合材料的相容性.力学性能测试表明:复合材料的拉伸强度均随着镜片磨屑粉用量增加而增加,冲击强度则下降;粒径分布为80 ～120μm镜片磨屑粉制备的复合材料有较高拉伸强度和冲击强度.电镜观察揭示了经POE-g-MAH增容的复合材料有更好的界面相容.熔体流动速率(MFR)测试表明:复合材料的MFR值随镜片磨屑粉用量增加而下降.用TGA分析仪测试复合材料的热降解性能,结果显示80～250μm镜片磨屑粉的复合材料热稳定性较好.     

基于防磨结构的旋风分离器性能优化

基于气固两相流和冲蚀理论对常规Stairmand旋风分离器和防磨型旋风分离器冲蚀规律进行了研究. 结果表明,对常规旋风分离器,其壁面冲蚀磨损速率从筒体顶端向下逐渐减小,在筒体L1/H1=0.8以下区域,磨损速率基本保持不变;在L1/H1=0.8以上区域,冲蚀磨损呈增大趋势,最大为2.3′10-6 kg/(m2×s);在锥体L2/H2=0.35以下区域,冲蚀速率逐渐减小;而在L2/H2=0.35以上区域呈逐渐增大趋势,在锥体顶端达最大值2.0′10-7 kg/(m2×s). 对防磨型旋风分离器,在筒体L1/H1=0.8以上区域,壁面最大冲蚀速率为0.5′10-6 kg/(m2×s),远小于常规旋风分离器. 在锥体从锥底向上冲蚀速率逐渐减小,在锥体顶端为0.4′10-7 kg/(m2×s),小于常规旋风分离器. 在小粒径范围内,分离效率随粒径增加而基本呈线性递增趋势. 粒径大于4 mm时,防磨型旋风分离器具有较高的分离效率. 压降随防磨板高度增加逐渐减小. A3型防磨分离器压降为360 Pa,小于常规分离器压降550 Pa. 为了降低旋风分离器壁面的冲蚀磨损,减少出口压降损失,粒径大于4 mm时,可选择最合理的B1型防磨分离器提高旋风分离器的防磨性能,从而延长使用寿命.     

滑动速率对La2O3–MoSi2与SiC摩擦副的高温摩擦磨损行为的影响

在XP-5高温摩擦磨损试验机上考察了La2O3–MoSi2与SiC摩擦副在1 000℃、30 N载荷以及不同滑动速率下的摩擦磨损行为。利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了La2O3–MoSi2复合材料和SiC的磨损表面形貌与相组成。结果表明:La2O3–MoSi2与SiC摩擦副的摩擦因数随滑动速率的增加而减小,在滑动速率为0.084 m/s时,La2O3–MoSi2复合材料磨损率最大;0.126 m/s时磨损率最小。其磨损机理除氧化磨损之外,还表现为黏着磨损、研磨和疲劳点蚀。SiC的磨损率随滑动速率的增加而减小,始终表现为磨损质量增加,这归因于氧化质量增加大于磨损质量损失。     

激光熔覆工艺参数对高熵合金涂层性能的影响及其优化

采用同步送粉激光熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层。采用单因素试验研究了工艺参数对涂层形貌及性能的影响,并分析了其作用机理。通过正交试验得到最优工艺参数为:激光功率1000 W,进给速率4.5 mm/s,搭接率35%。此时涂层的平整度标差为0.036 mm,显微硬度为308.98 HV,平均腐蚀速率为0.0178 g/(m²·h)。结果表明,在试验范围内,涂层的平整度随着激光功率、进给速率和搭接率的提升得到改善,显微硬度和耐蚀性的变化趋势相同,它们与工艺参数对显微组织的影响相关。     

冷冻-力化学改性胶粉制备WRP／SBR共混硫化胶研究

利用冷冻-力化学方法对250μm废胶粉进行改性．并制备了废胶粉（WRP）/丁苯橡胶（SBR）共混硫化胶。同时研究了冷冻-力化学对WRP／SBR其混硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明。当WRP／SBR的质量比为40／60、WRP经过20℃的冷冻处理后再用开炼机薄通,可提高WRP与SBR的相容性,相应共混弹性体的力学性能最佳。扫描电镜结果显示,WRP的粒子与SBR基体界面形态改善,两相间粘合力得到增强。经过冷冻力化学处理的250μm胶粉制成的WRP／SBR硫化胶的力学性能优于使用180μm以及150μm未处理普通胶粉所制备的WRP／SBR硫化胶的力学性能。     

聚四氟乙烯微细粉末在油田螺杆钻具橡胶定子配方中的应用研究

该文作者对聚四氟乙烯微粉用量对胶料强度、耐磨性、粘合性以及注射压力的影响进行了大量实验，进而对它们的变化规律进行了研究，并由此筛选出12份用量的聚四氟乙烯粉对螺杆钻具橡胶定子为综合性能的最佳配方。     

Effect of scale on the draw down of floating solids

In this study, the draw down of floating solids from the liquid surface has been investigated using vessels of 0.61 and 2.67 m diameter. The importance of impeller type (mixed flow pitched blade turbine (PBT) and the narrow blade hydrofoil LE-20), pumping mode and position and the effect of varying liquid height have also been studied. Impeller speed and power consumption at which no solids remain at the surface for more than 2-4 s are determined by visual observations.Results from different scales are discussed in relation to the way in which solids are drawn down from the liquid surface. It has been shown that over a wide range of conditions the power required for drawing down solids can be reduced by operating in the upward rather than downward pumping mode and using an axial flow narrow blade hydrofoil rather than a mixed flow pitched blade turbine. Different scale up criteria, power per unit volume, tip speed and Froude number, are discussed for these systems. For scale up, specific power input is shown to be the most appropriate criterion for upward pumping impellers.     

Effect of powder,binder and process parameters on anisotropic shrinkage in tape cast ceramic products

The effect of powder, binder and process parameters on the properties of cast alumina tapes and their anisotropic shrinkage were investigated. Three alumina powders with different particle shapes (platelets, spherical, standard) and three PVB binders with different chain lengths were used. In addition, casting velocity and blade gap height were varied. The orientation of the particles in the tape was detected quantitatively by image analysis of micrographs. The shrinkage anisotropy is more than 12% for the platelet shaped powder and 8% for the standard powder, whereas the spherical particles lead to almost isotropic shrinkage. The influence of the organic binder chain length proved to be minor compared to the influence of the particle morphology. The variation of casting speed and blade gap height has no effect on anisotropic shrinkage in the investigated parameter range. This is explained by theoretical considerations of particle rotation in a sheared fluid.     

Flow patterns in granulating systems

Particle flow patterns were investigated for wet granulation and dry powder mixing in ploughshare mixers using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT). In a 4-l mixer, calcium carbonate with mean size 45 μm was granulated using a 50 wt.% solution of glycerol and water as binding fluid, and particle movement was followed using a 600-μm calcium hydroxy-phosphate tracer particle. In a 20-l mixer, dry powder flow was studied using a 600-μm resin bead tracer particle to simulate the bulk polypropylene powder with mean size 600 μm. Important differences were seen between particle flow patterns for wet and dry systems. Particle speed relative to blade speed was lower in the wet system than in the dry system, with the ratios of average particle speed to blade tip speed for all experiments in the range 0.01–0.25. In the axial plane, the same particle motion was observed around each blade; this provides a significant advance for modelling flow in ploughshare mixers. For the future, a detailed understanding of the local velocity, acceleration and density variations around a plough blade will reveal the effects of flow patterns in granulating systems on the resultant distribution of granular product attributes such as size, density and strength.     

Coating optimization of yield pseudoplastic paste-based stereolithography 3D printing of alumina ceramic core

Yield pseudoplastic paste is prepared for self-supported stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing with critical shear stress of 290.7 Pa and viscosity of 28810 mPa·s under strain rate of 30 s^?1. Simulation analysis of paste coating is carried out based on established constitutive equation. Furthermore, corresponding stress field is analyzed under different layer thicknesses (25–100 μm) and blade speeds (1.5–4.5 mm/s). Then, flexural strength, porosity, surface roughness and microstructure of components, printed with different layer thicknesses and sintered at different temperatures, are systematically investigated. Finally, complex-shaped cores are fabricated with flexural strength of 38.56±1.45 MPa, porosity of 21.57±0.8% and surface roughness of R_a < 3 μm. The optimized parameters include layer thickness of 25–50 μm, blade speed of 3.5 mm/s, and sintering temperature of 1300 ^oC. Moreover, step-like undulating fracture morphology of the core is observed along printing layer, which shows that the coating process has an important influence on the mechanical properties of ceramic parts.     

遥传脉冲器磨损机理研究

遥传脉冲器转子在使用过程中存在磨损现象,这些磨损直接导致泥浆脉冲器无法实现随钻仪器采集的各种井下参数的上传。根据泥浆脉冲器转子本体磨损标准,分析泥浆脉冲器转子橡胶材质的性能、泥浆中岩屑摩擦以及外围部件缺陷所导致的泥浆脉冲器转子磨损。从设备管理过程中增加动平衡测试、改进橡胶性能、改进生产到应用过程中橡胶的存放等方法被提出,这些方法有助于降低磨损风险。研制了新型金属耐磨套替换方案,水循环和角度测试表明新型泥浆脉冲器转子性能明显改进。     

掺合料对混凝土早期碳化深度影响的试验研究

通过自然暴露环境条件下掺合料混凝土的早期碳化试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量、矿渣掺量、煤矸石掺量对单掺混凝土碳化深度的影响规律,探讨了双掺掺合料对混凝土碳化深度发展规律的交互作用,并基于试验数据建立了掺合料碳化速度影响系数的表达式。结果表明：单掺粉煤灰掺量小于15%时混凝土的碳化深度略有减小但掺量超过15%后碳化深度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加,单掺矿渣混凝土的碳化深度随矿渣掺量的增加而增加,单掺小于20%的煤矸石使混凝土早期抗碳化性能提高但掺入超过30%的煤矸石后混凝土碳化深度明显增加;随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,双掺粉煤灰和矿渣、双掺粉煤灰和煤矸石的混凝土碳化深度增加,在粉煤灰混凝土中掺入25%矿渣或20%煤矸石后混凝土的碳化深度变化较小;在煤矸石混凝土中掺入25%~40%的矿渣时混凝土的碳化深度无明显变化但再掺入超过40%的矿渣时碳化深度明显增大,在矿渣混凝土中掺入20%煤矸石后混凝土的碳化深度增长约40%。     

橡胶沥青搅拌罐内混合过程的数值模拟

针对橡胶粉与基质沥青混合过程中出现的漂浮、沉底、粘壁及挂料现象,建立了橡胶沥青搅拌罐的几何模型,基于计算流体力学软件对罐内混合过程进行非定常固液两相流数值模拟,分析了影响混合均匀性的因素,如桨叶直径、桨叶位置、挡板及搅拌速度等. 结果表明,尺寸适宜的桨叶直径与合适的桨叶位置有利于形成循环的轴向流,并减少定常流现象,安装挡板有效减少了切向流,搅拌器转速不影响内部流场的基本形态,但适宜的搅拌转速提高了混合均匀性. 混合均匀度与模拟结果印证,且当搅拌器直径800 mm、桨叶距离罐底680 mm、桨叶宽100 mm、搅拌速度280 r/min时,优化后橡胶粉的分布较均匀,混合均匀度为0.24,处于完全离底悬浮状态,模拟结果与实验结果较吻合.     

立式圆槽内多轴搅拌器固-液悬浮性能

在直径(T)为2 m、高(H)为0.8 m的圆形搅拌槽内,采用三桨搅拌,桨型为CBY III(桨径D=0.174 m),3个桨在槽内均匀分布,通过对临界悬浮叶端线速度、沉积面积的分析,研究了搅拌桨槽内最优安装位置. 结果表明,最优径向安装位置为距壁面0.285R(R为圆形搅拌槽半径,m)处;液位为0.3T时的搅拌效果优于0.2T和0.25T;但液位在一定(0.2T~0.3T)范围内对功率的影响微小. 对比分析实验结果与文献数据可知,达到相同完全悬浮状态,立式多轴搅拌的功率消耗为单轴情况下(D=0.731 m)的2.8倍,但立式多轴搅拌器的制造成本更低;与侧伸式搅拌相比,5%沉积面积时立式多轴搅拌节省20%能耗,且安装维护更简便,在大型储罐中具有广泛的工业应用前景.