Review of size effects in micro electrical discharge machining

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most promising non-traditional micro-scale machining methods. Because several operating parameters that are insignificant in macro EDM cannot be neglected during micro EDM process, models derived from the macro EDM process may be inappropriate at the micro scale. This paper contains a comprehensive review of size effects in traditional micro-machining and characteristics specific to micro EDM compared to macro EDM techniques. The very concept of size effects in micro EDM is thoroughly defined and three categories of effects are presented: material microstructure, processing parameter and thermal conduction size effects. Future potential research directions on the subject are also summarized. We assert that careful research and precise attention must be given to size effects in micro EDM. Size effect information especially benefits the machining speed and machining precision of micro EDM.     

Study of the Batch Production of Micro Parts Using the EDM Process

The micro machining of copper plates by the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is described. Tungsten carbide was selected as the material for the electrode. Experiments were carried out on a conventional CNC-EDM machine to investigate machining of micro holes, and micro slots. The results show that micro holes, and micro slots can be successfully processed on a conventional CNC-EDM machine. To improve the productivity of micro parts using the EDM process, a batch production method of micro EDM using multi-electrodes has been studied. A new technique for preparing multi-electrodes has been developed. Results also show that the batch production of micro parts using EDM is feasible and that the batch production of micro parts using EDM process with multi-electrodes is very effective.     

MICRO ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING DEPOSITION IN AIR

A new deposition method is described using micro electrical discharge machining (EDM) to deposit tool electrode material on workpiece in air. The basic principles of micro electrical discharge deposition (EDD) are analyzed and the realized conditions are predicted. With an ordinary EDM shaping machine, brass as the electrode, high-speed steel as the workpiece, a lot of experiments are carried out on micro EDD systematically and thoroughly. The effects of major processing parameters, such as the discharge current, discharge duration, pulse interval and working medium, are obtained. As a result, a micro cylinder with 0.19 mm in diameter and 7.35 mm in height is deposited. By exchanging the polarities of the electrode and workpiece the micro cylinder can be removed selectively. So the reversible machining of deposition and removal is achieved, which breaks through the constraint of traditional EDM. Measurements show that the deposited material is compact and close to workpiece base, whose components depend on the tool electrode material.     

微细电火花成形加工设备关键技术研究

基于微细电火花加工的要求,对微细电火花成形加工设备中的关键技术进行研究,成功研制了一套高精度的微细放电加工设备产品,包括一台微细电火花加工机床和一台精密脉冲电源。优化机床关键零/部件的结构后,机床的变形小,运动精度高;电源放电稳定,控制精确。经加工试验表明,该设备加工效果较好,加工精度和稳定性较高,加工出的窄槽工件的尺寸精度可达到5μm,加工直径为300μm的小孔,其圆度误差达到3μm,可满足微细电火花加工的要求。     

基于信噪比与灰关联度的电火花微小孔加工工艺参数的优化

在正交试验的基础上,采用参数设计中的信噪比方法,更加准确地反映具有强干扰特性的电火花微细加工过程中参数对加工工艺目标的影响程度,分析出各项参数对工艺指标影响的主次关系。以减小工艺性能的波动性为目的,结合灰色关联度分析方法,将多目标参数优化问题转化为单目标灰关联度的优化问题,得到电火花微小孔加工的多项工艺指标要求下的参数优化组合。综合试验结果表明,基于信噪比和灰关联度的优化方法能有效地提高微细电火花的加工精度、加工效率和加工稳定性。     

空气中微细电火花沉积与去除可逆加工技术研究

论述了一种新的电火花加工方法。它使用通用的电火花成形加工机床,利用常见的电极材料,在空气介质中,通过脉冲放电在工件表面上沉积生长电极材料,再通过反转极性和适当的轨迹控制对所生成的沉积材料进行有选择的去除加工,进而实现材料的生长与去除可逆加工。通过对电火花加工理论的研究,预测和论证了实现这一新加工方法的可能性和实现条件。通过试验成功地将钢、铜和钨三种电极材料沉积到工件上,形成直径为 100~240 mm、高度为1 000~2 500 mm的微小圆柱体。并对沉积物进行了选择去除,实现了在同一设备上的可逆电火花加工。对沉积材料的致密性、硬度及其与工件的结合强度等进行了系统的分析,表明沉积物组织致密、坚硬,可以满足功能材料的要求。     

微细电火花加工中电极材料的蚀除机理研究

在微细电火花加工过程中 ,由于放电时间极短 ,使得其阴阳两极的电极材料蚀除过程产生较大的差异。本文应用传热学和电场的基本理论 ,分别对微细电火花加工阴阳两极的材料蚀除机理进行了理论研究 ,得出了在窄脉宽微细电火花加工中 ,尽量缩短脉宽可提高阳极材料的去除效率 ,同时又不会明显增加阴极材料损耗的结论。为微细电火花加工脉冲电源设计及加工工艺的改进提供了理论依据     

Effects of finishing in abrasive fluid machining on microholes fabricated by EDM

This research investigated the effects of the fine-finishing process on microholes in abrasive fluid machining (AFM). Microholes on stainless steel (SUS 304) and titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) plates were fabricated using a deep drilling machine of electrical discharge machining (EDM) prior to AFM. In the experiment, the Taguchi method was adopted to explore the effects of the machining parameters associated with AFM on the experimentally observed values, such as the material removal rate (MRR) and differences between the dimensions of the entrance and the exit of the microhole. Furthermore, the improvement in the shape precision of the microhole fabricated by EDM and subsequently fine-finished by AFM was also elucidated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The significant machining parameters and the optimal combination levels of the machining parameters were identified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the S/N (signal-to-noise) ratio response graph obtained from the analysis of the experimental data.     

提高电火花加工效率和表面质量的研究

针对电火花加工中存在的不足,基于多年加工实践经验,给出了提高电火花成形机加工效率和表面质量的措施。研究了电火花成形机加工参数与加工效率和表面质量之间的关系,最后对几种优化组合电加工参数下的加工情况进行了分析研究,所得结论为提高电火花加工质量提供指导。     

提高电火花加工效率和表面质量的研究

针对电火花加工中存在的不足,基于多年加工实践经验,给出了提高电火花成形机加工效率和表面质量的措施。研究了电火花成形机加工参数与加工效率和表面质量之间的关系,最后对几种优化组合电加工参数下的加工情况进行了分析研究,所得结论为提高电火花加工质量提供指导。     

微细电火花加工技术的研究进展

研究和综述了微细电火花加工技术的研究现状和发展趋势。比较分析了常用微细加工与微细电火花加工方法的特点及应用，论述了线电极电火花磨削技术的原理及在微细加工中的作用。结合电火花加工过程中无宏观作用力的特点，论述了微细电火花加工装置微小型化的可行性和几种主要形式。     

电火花加工脉冲电源功率器件的研究进展

功率器件是电火花加工脉；中电源中的一个核心元件，它对电火花加工的效率、加工精度和工具电极损耗等有很大的影响。本文综述了GTO、GTR、MOSFET、IGBT、MCT、IGOT和IPM等功率器件的研究现状和最新成果，并对它们在电火花加工脉冲电源中的应用与发展现状进行了分析评述。     

气体放电加工基础工艺试验研究

采用单因素法进行了基本的工艺参数(电参数、伺服参考电压等)对气体介质放电加工性能影响的试验研究。试验结果表明:气体介质的放电加工适于采用正极性加工。在试验加工的范围内,工件的蚀除速度和表面粗糙度值随脉冲宽度和峰值电流的增加而增加,随脉冲间隔的增加而减小。极间并联合适的电容能够使加工速度和加工表面粗糙度有所改善,并对此现象进行了分析。对于某一确定的加工参数,存在一个较佳的伺服参考电压值,使加工性能较为稳定。工具电极具有较高的旋转速度能够使气体放电加工性能得到提高。使用氧气介质能够实现快速电火花加工,并根据不同气体的物理性能对不同气体介质的加工性能进行了分析。工件表面显微硬度测试结果表明:空气中放电加工的工件的表面硬度比基体硬度高,比煤油中加工的工件表面硬度低。     

Prediction of aspect ratio of a micro hole drilled by EDM

Micro electrical discharge machining (EDM) has the ability to drill micro holes with high accuracy in metallic materials. The aspect ratio of a micro hole generated by micro EDM is usually higher than those by other processes such as etching, mechanical drilling, and laser. However, it was found that the drilling speed of micro EDM slows down and even stops when the aspect ratio of a micro hole reaches a certain value. To understand this phenomenon, a theoretical model is proposed based on the fluid mechanics and surface tension. Experiments under different machining conditions are carried out to verify this model. Experimental results agree with the theoretical values, which indicate the validity of the proposed model. The difference between the theoretical values and the real values might be caused by debris, temperature and rotating of electrode in the discharge gap, which are ignored in the model.     

喷油嘴微孔电火花加工机床机电控制系统设计

喷油嘴喷孔加工质量直接影响发动机的燃料喷射和燃烧性能。喷油嘴喷孔机械钻削加工已难以适应高压力、微细喷孔喷油嘴发展的需要。微细电火花加工喷油嘴喷孔具有无宏观加工力、无毛刺、可加工微细喷孔以及可在热处理后加工等优点。文章结合自主设计研发的喷油嘴微细孔电火花加工机床,设计了机床的机电伺服控制系统,并进行了控制系统性能优化,进行了喷油嘴微细喷孔的电火花加工实验和工业应用,较好地满足了喷油嘴微细喷孔加工的工业需求。     

Development of parallel spark electrical discharge machining

This paper describes the development of parallel spark EDM method. In the discharge circuit, the electrode is divided into multiple electrodes, each of which is electrically insulated and connected to the pulse generator through a diode. A capacitor is inserted parallel to each discharge gap between each electrode and workpiece (here workpiece is common for each electrode). Compared with conventional EDM in which only a singular discharge can be generated for each pulse, multiple discharges can dispersively be generated for each pulse in parallel spark EDM. Results of experiments on parallel spark EDM and conventional EDM show that not only is the machining process more stable, but the machining speed and surface roughness can also be improved with parallel spark EDM.     

电火花成形机床微细加工相关探索

首先简要介绍了电火花微细加工目前的发展状况。并概括地分析了商品电火花成形机用于微细加工所具有的一些特殊优势。最后通过微轴的加工实例来证实其进行实用微细加工的可行性。     

一种微小孔电火花加工模糊控制策略研究

针对微小孔电火花加工(EDM)放电环境恶劣、放电间隙状态复杂多变,以及采用传统的PID控制策略难于达到预期效果等问题,提出了一种基于多层压电陶瓷叠加驱动下的控制策略,并对其进行了控制算法研究,设计了一种微小孔电加工微进给模糊PID自适应控制系统,并进行了仿真试验来验证其控制效果。研究结果表明,采用模糊自适应控制策略能加快微进给系统的响应速度,具有稳定性好、精度高等优点,并得到了良好的控制效果,为微小孔电加工机床的实际应用打下了良好的理论基础。     

磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工技术

微机电系统(Micro electromechanical systems,MEMS)的快速发展与产品微型化的发展趋势对微细结构表面(包括微孔、微槽和微棱柱/锥等)的加工质量提出了更高的要求,为了提高微细结构表面的加工质量,提出一种磨粒辅助放电加工(Electrodischarge machining,EDM)与电化学加工(Electro chemical machining,ECM)复合加工新方法,通过建立微加工模型分析了该方法的加工机理,搭建了微加工试验平台,并进行了工艺参数优化研究,采用直径500μm和75μm的钨电极在SUS 304不锈钢上分别进行了微盲孔和微通孔加工试验研究,结果表明,在所用的EDM、EDM与ECM复合加工和磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工三种方法中,磨粒辅助EDM与ECM复合加工方法获得的表面粗糙度(Ra15 nm)最高,因此该方法是微细结构表面高效和高质量加工的最佳方法之一。     

Realization of micro EDM drilling with high machining speed and accuracy by using mist deionized water jet

In electrical discharge machining, both the gas and liquid dielectric have unique advantages and inevitable disadvantages. The mist medium with a special property between gas with liquid is expected to have a better performance in EDM. In this paper, the performance of mist deionized water jet has been studied based on the disadvantages of deionized water in deep micro hole drilling: electrolysis action, electrophoresis action and gap-contamination by debris. Based on the analyzation on the advantages of mist jet, three projects of experiments have been done to verify its performance on the suppressing of electrolysis action and improving the debris exhaust. The results show that the micro EDM drilling with high machining speed and accuracy can be realized with mist jet. This method is particularly effective in deep micro hole drilling, since deeper holes can be obtained at faster machining speed with mist jet due to its significant improvement in debris exhaust.