PET基纳米Ag薄膜形貌与导电及电磁屏蔽性能的分形表征

采用磁控溅射法在PET非织造布上制备了不同厚度的纳米结构Ag薄膜,用高度相关函数法对薄膜的原子力显微镜(AFM)图像进行分形维计算,用AFM分析不同厚度纳米结构Ag薄膜形貌及粒径的变化;用网络测试仪测试了不同厚度样品的电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明,随着薄膜厚度的增加,薄膜表面质量提高,分形维增大;电磁屏蔽效能也随分形维的增大而增加。可以认为,分形维能有效地表征薄膜的表面形貌,分形维与导电及屏蔽效能存在明显的对应关系,并可以用分形维优化磁控溅射的工艺条件。     

PET基纳米Ag薄膜导电性能及AFM分析

为了研究在PET基非织造布上沉积纳米Ag薄膜厚度对薄膜表面形貌及导电性能的影响，采用磁控溅射法，在PET非织造布上制备了不同厚度的纳米结构Ag薄膜，采用原子力显微镜（AFM）分析不同厚度纳米结构Ag薄膜形貌及粒径的变化；研究了纳米Ag薄膜厚度与薄膜导电性能的关系。实验结果表明：随着膜厚的增加，膜表面逐渐形成连续结构；同时PET非织造布基银薄膜存在一个临界膜厚，在临界膜厚处，薄膜致密度更高，生长更为均匀，薄膜缺陷较少；同时，随着膜厚增加，导电性能提高，在临界膜厚处，电阻率达到最小。     

PANI-HCl/PAN电磁屏蔽纳米纤维膜的制备与表征

用化学方法合成盐酸掺杂的导电聚苯胺,然后以静电纺丝技术制备PANI-HCl/PAN纳米柔性电磁屏蔽材料。利用红外光谱和扫描电镜分别对纳米纤维结构和形貌进行表征分析,并用电子万能试验机和矢量网络分析仪分别对导电聚苯胺薄膜的力学性能及屏蔽特性进行了测试和分析。结果表明,随着PANI-HCl含量的增加,纺丝溶液的电导率增加,纳米纤维直径减少,力学性能降低;PANI-HCl/PAN纳米薄膜的电磁屏蔽性能随着薄膜厚度的增加,电磁屏蔽性能提高,当薄膜厚度为91.04μm时,薄膜的电磁屏蔽效能达到20.38dB;同时,纳米纤维膜在低频段均表现良好的电磁屏蔽效果,在1～9MHz频率范围内,当聚苯胺的含量达到13%时,屏蔽率达到90%以上。     

水性镍基电磁屏蔽涂料的研究

叙述了水性镍基电磁屏蔽涂料的制作及涂层的有关性能,探讨了水、温度、涂层厚度等因素对屏蔽涂层的电阻率及电磁屏蔽效能的影响规律。试验表明,在频率为9KHz-1000MHz范围内,屏蔽效能为45-60dB。     

钢纤维混凝土电磁屏蔽性能实验研究

实验研究了纤维体积掺量相同情况下，4种不同纤维长度的钢纤维混凝土电磁屏蔽性能，并对其屏蔽规律进行了分析、比较。探讨了纤维长度对钢纤维混凝土电磁屏蔽性能的影响机理。当纤维体积掺量为2A％，纤维长度为18或12mm时，钢纤维混凝土电磁屏蔽效能在0-3～1000MHz频带内达到20dB以上。其中掺入长度为18mm钢纤维时，在0．3MHz最高达到65dB，掺入长度为6mm钢纤维时，在1．0GHz最高达到41dB。     

水泥基纳米石墨复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

以纳米石墨微片作为导电填料,水泥作为基体,制备高导电性复合材料,研究其电磁屏蔽等性能.探讨纳米石墨微片、含水量、龄期对复合材料的导电性及电磁屏蔽效能的影响.结果表明,质量分数为15%的纳米石墨微片制得的复合材料的性能为最佳,其体积电阻率为22.3Ω·cm,电磁屏蔽效能达到22.60dB(1.5GHz).     

ITO防电磁辐射玻璃屏蔽性能研究

采用直流磁控溅射技术在玻璃基板上沉积ITO薄膜,通过调整基板温度、薄膜厚度得到了最低方阻1．4Ω／□,薄膜透光率超过76％。对样品在150KHz到18GHz频段内电磁屏蔽效能采用屏蔽室法进行测试,1G频率点得到的屏蔽效能最好,达到了54dB,在屏蔽困难的低频段,150KHz频率点的屏蔽效能迟到24dB。     

分散助剂对丙烯酸基电磁屏蔽导电涂料性能的影响

在丙烯酸基复合型电磁屏蔽导电涂料中引入了几种分散助剂，并且采用了相应的分散工艺，致使填料分散性、电磁屏蔽效能和导电性能都有较大改善，而且获得了涂膜质量较好的复合型电磁屏蔽导电涂料。     

膨胀石墨/金属网/ABS复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的研究

以膨胀石墨(EG)和金属网(MN)作为电磁屏蔽基元材料与ABS树脂采用共混、挤出、热压等成型工艺制备了电磁屏蔽复合材料,研究了膨胀石墨的含量、处理方式、复合材料的厚度和金属网的目数对电磁屏蔽复合材料屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明,在膨胀石墨/ABS电磁屏蔽复合材料中,其电磁屏蔽效能随着膨胀石墨含量增加及复合材料厚度增加而增大,膨胀石墨经超声处理后,可以提高复合材料的屏蔽效能。在两种单层金属网/ABS电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料中,屏蔽效能并不随着金属网目数增加而增大。在30MHz～1.8GHz频率范围内,200目不锈钢网/ABS复合材料和100目铜网/ABS复合材料的屏蔽性能最好,最大屏蔽效能分别为76.1和70dB。在多相电磁屏蔽复合材料中,膨胀石墨/不锈钢网/ABS复合材料的屏蔽效能比不锈钢网/ABS复合材料高约5dB。     

环氧树脂电磁屏蔽涂料的研究

以环氧树脂为基料、银粉为导电填料制备了环氧树脂电磁屏蔽涂料。研究了电磁屏蔽涂料的导电性能、屏蔽效能以及高、低温实验对材料性能的影响,确定了环氧树脂电磁屏蔽涂料在-60℃—125℃温度范围内屏蔽效能可以达到60 dB,并保持稳定工作。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.