反胶束法提取红芸豆蛋白的前萃工艺优化

采用二-（2-乙基已基）琥珀酸酯磺酸钠（AOT）-异辛烷-氯化钾组成的反胶束体系萃取红芸豆蛋白（RKBP）。采用电导法考察AOT浓度对AOT-异辛烷-水反胶束体系含水量和临界增溶水量的影响,确定反胶束体系稳定的AOT浓度范围。采用单因素实验分别研究了AOT浓度、缓冲液pH、KCI浓度和萃取时间等因素对RKBP前萃率的影响,通过正交实验优化前萃条件。结果表明,不同AOT浓度对应的反胶束体系的临界含水量值（Wc）基本一致,反胶束体系能够增溶的水的体积随AOT浓度的增加而明显增大,反胶束体系稳定的AOT浓度上限值为2mol／L。正交优化获得反胶束法萃取RKBP的最佳前萃条件为：AOT浓度1．25mol／L,缓冲溶液pH7．5,KCl浓度0．05mol／L,萃取时间90min。在该最优工艺条件下,RKBP前萃率达到43．57％。     

两种反胶束体系对大豆蛋白前萃的比较研究

主要研究了以SDS/异辛烷/正辛醇反胶束体系萃取大豆蛋白的前萃过程,并分析了各因素对蛋白前萃率的影响,与AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系萃取大豆蛋白进行比较,SDS/异辛烷/正辛醇反胶束体系提取大豆蛋白的前萃率高于AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系。SDS/异辛烷/正辛醇反胶束体系萃取低温脱溶豆粕中蛋白质的最佳前萃工艺条件为:SDS浓度0.08 g/mL,加料量0.1000 g,反胶束溶液中含水量18,萃取时间30 m in,萃取温度40℃,增溶水pH 7,KC l浓度0.1 mol/L。     

反胶束降系萃取葵花籽仁中蛋白质的研究

对AOT/异辛烷反胶束溶液萃取技术从葵花籽粉中提取蛋白质的前萃工艺进行了研究.控制体系含水量W0,使绿原酸先萃取出,然后分析了各因素对蛋白质萃取率的影响,并正交实验分析得出最佳优化前萃工艺条件为:AOT0.12g/mL,料液比1:25,含水量W0为18,增溶水pH7.0,温度40℃,时间60min,KCl 0.05mol/L.     

反胶束溶液同时分离大豆蛋白和油脂的前萃研究

研究了用AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系从全脂豆粉同时分离大豆蛋白和油脂。得出前萃蛋白的较好工艺条件:水量按W0=20左右,AOT浓度为0.08g/mL,按2g/100mL加豆粉,180r/min,2h,pH值7.0～8.0,40℃。此时蛋白一次萃取率约50%。结果表明已有的增溶模型不能解释pH对萃取的影响。     

葵花粕蛋白的反胶束萃取

利用AOT[二-（2-乙基已基）琥珀酸酯磺酸钠]，异辛烷反胶柬体系萃取葵花粕蛋白，讨论了温度、助表面活性剂的用量对体系增溶水的量（W0）的影响；（Wo）对原料蛋白萃取率的影响。结果表明，在温度为35℃～40℃时，加入适量助表面活性剂，使体系Wo在30～50的范围内，葵花粕蛋白的提取率较高，最高萃取率可达到88，9％。     

反胶束体系增溶水量对棉籽粕蛋白的萃取研究

棉籽粕中蛋白质含量约为50%。讨论了阳离子CTAB/正辛烷(正辛醇或正戊醇)、阴离子AOT/异辛烷两种反胶束体系在不同条件下的W0与萃取率之间的关系。通过调整助表面活性剂、助溶剂的种类和加入量,从而改变萃取率的主要影响因素——增溶水的量(W0),并得出最佳萃取率(84%)时,W0取值范围是30～40。     

β-乳球蛋白-IgG混合物的反胶束萃取平衡及其机理探讨

依据堆砌几何模型，选择琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)-异辛烷反胶束萃取体系，研究了β-乳球蛋白单一蛋白体系中以及β-乳球蛋白与免疫球蛋白G(1：1)混合物体系中蛋白质的分布特性，并探讨了AOT-异辛烷反胶束体系分离分级乳蛋白的机理。β-乳球蛋白在单一蛋白或混合蛋白(Wβ-lg：WlgG为1：1)体系中的反胶束萃取率均随着水相pH值增加(pH值为5．0-9．0)而降低，随水相[Na^ ]浓度升高(0．06-0．35mol／L)而逐渐增加，随水相起始蛋白质量浓度增加(0．75-3．0g／L)而降低，但免疫球蛋白G可明显促进β-乳球蛋白在反胶束有机相中的增溶。在混合蛋白质体系中，β-乳球蛋白与免疫球蛋白G可分别趋于富集在有机相和水相，显示出AOT-异辛烷反胶束体系在牛初乳乳清蛋白分离方面具有应用潜力。     

复合反胶束萃取花生蛋白的工艺优化

采用AOT(丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠)、SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)/异辛烷—正辛醇复合反胶束体系,超声辅助萃取花生蛋白,研究超声时间、花生浓度、超声功率、pH、离子浓度、温度、W0(反胶束溶液增溶水与表面活性剂摩尔比)、AOT(g)∶SDS(g)、表面活性剂浓度对蛋白萃取率的影响.结果表明,最佳提取工艺为温度35℃、KCl浓度0 mol/L,pH值8,表面活性剂浓度0.08 g/mL,AOT(g)∶SDS(g)为4∶3,超声功率180 W,W0值15,该工艺条件下,花生蛋白的萃取率为93.33％.     

反胶束中碱性蛋白酶2709的活力研究

系统地研究了碱性蛋白酶2709在AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系中的催化行为。研究底物浓度、反胶束浓度、水含量、pH值、温度、盐的浓度及种类对酶活力的影响。结果表明:酶在反胶束体系中表现出超活性,且作用于胶束膜。在AOT/异辛烷浓度为0.08g/ml时,影响酶活力大小主次因素为:盐浓度>W0>pH值>温度。最佳酶活力条件:45℃,0.2mol/LKCl液,pH值9.2,W值19.3。此时酶活力为9.27×105U/g。     

反胶束体系中脂肪酶催化合成单月桂酸甘油酯

研究了在二-(2-乙基己基)琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷反胶束体系中,奶酪香精脂肪酶催化三月桂酸甘油酯和甘油反应制备单月桂酸甘油酯,并研究了反胶束体系的基本特性。结果表明:随着AOT质量浓度的增加,反胶束体系的增溶水量(W_0)、“水池”直径及黏度增加;最佳工艺条件为反应温度55℃、振荡器转速180 r/min、AOT质量浓度0. 1 g/m L、含水量0. 05 m L/m L、脂肪酶用量50 mg/m L、缓冲液pH 7. 5、底物摩尔比(甘油与三月桂酸甘油酯摩尔比) 3∶1、反应时间10h,此时体系中单月桂酸甘油酯的质量分数为84. 4%;当AOT质量浓度和含水量较小时,反胶束体系的W_0增加可促进酶催化反应的进行,但是当W_0和体系相对黏度继续增加,单月桂酸甘油酯的质量分数反而降低。     

The physicochemical characteristics and hydrophobicity of high amylose starch–glycerol films in the presence of three natural waxes

The film forming behaviour and hydrophobicity of high amylose (HA) starch in the presence of three different natural waxes (beeswax, candelilla wax and carnauba wax) were studied in the presence and absence of Tween-80. The HA starch:glycerol (G) ratio was maintained at 80:20 (on dry solid basis) and the concentration of wax was varied from 5% and 10% (w/w). The melted wax samples were homogenized with HAG dispersion with or without Tween-80 and the films were prepared by solution casting. The hydrophobicity and water-barrier properties in these films were determined by using contact angle (CA), water vapour permeability (K_w) tests, and water sorption isotherm at 0.529 RH and 20 °C. The K_w values of the HAG films decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the addition of 5% concentration of these waxes. Then the addition of Tween-80 to the HAG + wax films increased the K_w values significantly (p < 0.05). The presence of these waxes in the presence and absence of Tween-80 resulted into different sorption isotherms and the water adsorptivity and moisture diffusion coefficient values were also affected. The presence of Tween-80 increased the CA in HAG + carnauba wax films while the CA was found to decrease in the case of other two waxes. The highest hydrophobicity was observed in HAG + carnauba wax + Tween-80 films in which the CA was >80.0° both at 5% and 10% (w/w) wax concentration. These higher CA values in HAG + carnauba wax + Tween-80 films were found to be related to the higher surface roughness in these films.     

反胶束体系中的羊毛蛋白酶处理

为研究反胶束体系中蛋白酶对羊毛的作用,制备了基于吐温-80/环己烷的蛋白酶反胶束体系,研究表面活性剂用量、n[H2O]/n[Tween-80]、处理温度和时间对羊毛蛋白酶减量效果的影响。实验结果表明,环己烷、正丁醇及吐温-80的体积比为5:1:1,n[H2O]/n[Tween-80]为18,55 ℃条件下反应4 h时羊毛织物减量率较高。与蛋白酶用量同为2%（o.w.f）条件下的水相处理相比,反胶束体系中处理的羊毛减量率略低,但上染速率较高,表明反胶束体系中酶解反应可能主要发生在纤维鳞片层。SEM照片显示反胶束体系中处理的羊毛与水相条件下相比,其试样鳞片去除效果相近,后者处理的羊毛纤维损伤略高。     

Optimization of a novel backward extraction of defatted wheat germ protein from reverse micelles

In this work, a novel backward extraction procedure of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) from reverse micelles was explored. Isooctane was recovered by vaporization firstly. Then the remained residue was dissolved in a small amount of KCl solution. The recovery of DWGP was easily performed by the ternary liquid system (acetone: deionized water: isooctane = 15:5:1) precipitation, while most of sulphosuccinic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt (AOT) remained in the ternary liquid system. In the end, the precipitation of DWGP was washed with 65% ethanol solution to further remove any residual AOT. The effects of KCl concentration, the amount of KCl solution and pH on the backward extraction efficiency of DWGP were tested. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the optimum backward extraction was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM). When the operation ran under optimized conditions, the backward extraction efficiency of DWGP achieved 80% and the end protein product was completely free of AOT.Industrial relevanceThis experimental result confirmed that this novel backward extraction method had many advantages on the extraction of protein compared to the traditional backward extraction method (changing the conditions of pH and ionic strength in a fresh aqueous phase). This method increased the backward extraction efficiency of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) from 57% to 80%, saved the water resource and offered the possibility of precipitating nearly pure DWGP, completely free of surfactant. On the basis of these advantages, it appears that this novel backward extraction technique may have great potential for being scaled-up to a commercially extraction process of protein.     

木醋杆菌合成细菌纤维素增效因子的筛选

研究了椰子水、玉米浆、Tween-80、羟甲基纤维素（CMC）、烟酸、生物素、咖啡因和海藻酸钠8种物质对木醋杆菌（Acetobacter xylinum）合成细菌纤维素的作用。结果表明,椰子水、玉米浆、Tween-80、CMC、烟酸和生物素对木醋杆菌合成细菌纤维素有促进作用,最适添加量分别为60%、10%、0.8 g/L、4 g/L、1.0 mg/L、25 mg/L,在最适添加量下细菌纤维素产量分别是6.008 g/L、8.534 g/L、2.256 g/L、2.044 g/L、2.842 g/L、3.118 g/L,比起产量为1.506 g/L的空白组有显著增效效果,而其增效作用从大到小依次为玉米浆、椰子水、生物素、烟酸、Tween-80、CMC,海藻酸钠的增效效果不明显,而咖啡因有一定的抑制作用。     

Formation and characterisation of mint oil/S and CS/water microemulsions

Preparation and characterisation of microemulsions (ME) with mint oil (MO) as the oil phase were conducted to find a system which could provide a controlled, sustained, and prolonged delivery of MO. The influence of surfactant type and processing parameters on the formation of MO-ME’s was studied by comparing the areas of the monophase ME regions in pseudoternary phase diagrams. A 1:1 mixture of the surfactants, AOT and CrEL, was found to be the most effective, and it produced a ME monophase area of about 70%. The monophase regions were analysed by conductivity measurements; the results suggested that O/W regions within the ME phases were formed when the water content was higher than 60–65%. As tested with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and head space (HS) GC analysis, the particle size of O/W ME, with 60% water and AOT/CrEL = 1:1 as surfactants, was 20.0 nm and the encapsulation efficiency was 78.4%. The results indicated that a ME of MO/AOT and CrEL/ethanol/water, may be a promising dispersion for the protection of MO in food products.     

O/W型中链脂肪酸微乳的制备及其性质研究

以中链脂肪酸(MCFA)为原料,采用自微乳化法(HLB 值法)制备O/W 型中链脂肪酸微乳。考察了滴定方法,确定用蒸馏水滴定MCFA、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂三组分的混合物为最佳;比较乳化效率和伪三元相图中形成微乳面积的大小,得到MCFA 的最适HLB 值为15,最佳表面活性剂为单独使用吐温-80,最佳Km 值为2:1,最佳助表面活性剂是异戊醇。通过测定和评价微乳样品的各种性质,优化出最佳配方为MCFA:吐温-80:异戊醇:蒸馏水=3:2:1:0.68,表面张力可达到26.7142mN/cm,黏度65.22cP,电导率1.87μs/cm,平均粒径17.3nm,Zeta 电位－ 7.14mV,初步稳定性良好。     

超临界CO2 反相微乳萃取人参皂甙的研究

利用萃取罐体积为1 L 的超临界CO2 萃取设备,采用琥珀酸二(2- 乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)/ 乙醇/ 水/ 超临界CO2 反相微乳对人参皂甙的萃取进行了研究。结果表明：最优萃取参数为萃取温度55℃,萃取时间3h,加水量 36ml/100g 人参,萃取压力 30MPa 和 AOT 添加量0.06mol/100g 人参,此时人参皂甙的得率为0.757%;E=0.870 ×(1 － e-0.618t)为超临界CO2 反相微乳萃取人参皂甙的具体动力学模型方程;超临界CO2 反相微乳萃取与超临界CO2 萃取人参皂甙相比是一种相对有效的萃取技术。     

海绵蛋糕复合乳化剂研究

在海绵蛋糕中加入单甘油酯、蔗糖酯、硬酯酰乳酸钙(CSL)及Tween-80等乳化剂均能提高蛋糕品质,通过正交试验研究不同配比乳化剂对提高海绵蛋糕感官品质和保鲜性不同作用,其中蛋糕保鲜性通过测定蛋糕水分活度变化和感官变化加以判断;试验结果表明,海绵蛋糕乳化剂最佳工艺配方为:单甘油酯0．2％、蔗糖酯0．2％、硬酯酰乳酸钙(CSL)0．4％、Tween-80为0．1％。     

吐温-80对钝齿棒杆菌产L-赖氨酸的影响

对吐温-80提高L-赖氨酸产量的分子机制进行探究。以钝齿棒杆菌MT-M4 ΔproB为出发菌株,在菌株生长至对数初期36 h时,添加5 mg/mL吐温-80进行摇瓶发酵,通过反转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（reversetranslate real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR）监控相关基因的转录水平、胞内的还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form,NADPH）水平及α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合物（α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex,ODHC）的活力。摇瓶发酵结果表明,添加吐温-80使L-赖氨酸产量提高了215%;RT-qPCR结果表明,编码ODHC的基因odhA、sucB和lpdA、参与ODHC调控的基因pknG、dtsR和ppp以及合成NADPH的磷酸戊糖途径基因zwf的转录水平均发生了变化,其中odhA、sucB、lpdA、pknG及dtsR1基因分别发生了上调,ppp基因下调,相应ODHC活力提高了32.9%;zwf基因上调了17.6 倍,相应胞内NADPH水平提高了137%。因此,在对数生长初期36 h添加吐温-80具有双重功效,既提高了ODHC的表达又使NADPH积累,从而诱导L-赖氨酸的高产。     

利用废报纸同步糖化发酵生产乙醇的研究

研究了非离子表面活性剂吐温-20对丹宝利和安琪耐高温酿酒高活性干酵母发酵废报纸的影响,通过正交实验和单因素实验考察了发酵时间、酶用量、接种量和吐温-20的浓度对同步糖化发酵的影响。结果显示,吐温-20能有效地提高发酵液中还原糖和乙醇的产率,减少高成本的纤维素酶用量。添加0.15%的吐温-20,乙醇产率相应地增加了5.47%和7.24%,还原糖的含量分别增加了11.8%和12.2%。在最优发酵条件72h、20FPU/g(底物)、10%接种量(V/V)和0.17%吐温-20下,产率达到0.2416g乙醇/g(废报纸),是理论值的62.6%。