304不锈钢化学机械抛光工艺参数研究

为优化抛光效果、节省成本及提高效率,研究抛光压力、抛光液流量、抛光转速和抛光时间对304不锈钢材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响。实验结果表明:在抛光压力为13.79 kPa、抛光液流量为15 mL/min、抛光时间为35 min、抛光转速为60 r/min的工艺条件下,304不锈钢去除速率达到226.56 nm/min,表面粗糙度降至6 nm,既节约了成本又保证了最好的表面粗糙度和较高的材料去除速率。      

酸洗对薄壁0Cr18Ni9不锈钢腐蚀的试验研究

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢薄壁产品在酸洗过程中易发生过腐蚀。本研究采用0.1 mm厚度0Cr18Ni9不锈钢带,对酸洗的各影响因素进行试验研究,结果表明:材料状态不同,耐腐蚀能力不同,退火态更易出现过腐蚀;酸液温度、浓度及酸洗的时间均对不锈钢带腐蚀程度和力学性能有较大影响;在含HF的腐蚀剂中酸洗容易使薄壁不锈钢带力学性能降低,造成材料脆化,且HF含量越高对薄壁不锈钢力学性能影响越大。     

爆炸焊接复合板交界区的冶金行为

用热处理方法研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti-16MnR钢爆炸焊接复合板交界区的冶金行为,认为视在增碳层宽度随热处理参数P1的增大而呈波浪式增加,但真正增碳层宽度随P1的增大而单调增加.增碳层中最大硬度HVm是在靠近视在增碳层的1Cr18Ni9Ti钢一侧,加热温度T高,则HVm低.测定了C和Cr元素在1Cr18Ni9Ti钢中的扩散系数.     

18CrNiMo7-6钢研抛工艺试验研究

探究研抛工艺参数对工件材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响。以砂纸和金刚石喷雾抛光剂为研抛介质,通过正交试验研究砂纸细度、研抛压力、研抛速度、研抛时间对18CrNiMo7-6工件材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响。采用三维形貌仪、千分尺、电子天平和超景深显微镜对18CrNiMo7-6工件的表面粗糙度、厚度、质量和表面形貌进行测量分析,以材料去除率和表面粗糙度为评价指标,得到最佳的研抛工艺参数组合。在最佳工艺参数组合下,砂纸研磨工件的材料去除率为0.86μm/min,表面粗糙度为Ra0.048μm,金刚石抛光剂抛光后工件表面粗糙度为Ra0.024μm。砂纸研磨最佳工艺参数为:砂纸细度800#,研磨压力0.2MPa,研磨速度30rpm,研磨时间30min。抛光最佳工艺参数为:抛光压力0.2MPa,抛光速度30rpm,抛光时间15min。     

磨料水射流抛光不锈钢工件表面质量的研究

阐述了3740龙门式数控水切割机床的系统构成及工作原理。通过牌号为0Cr18Ni9Si的不锈钢抛光实验,结合测量表面粗糙度值、摩擦系数变化、三维形貌图,分析了工艺参数对抛光区域表面质量的影响。根据不同材料的自身特性合理选择工艺参数,为异形曲面的冷态抛光加工提供指导。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢以氮代氩保护浇铸工艺研究

研究并试验了连铸生产0Cr18Ni9不锈钢时,中间包和长水口处以氮代氩保护浇铸的工艺技术,对比了两种工艺条件下钢水中氧含量、冷板力学性能以及氮气保护浇铸时的增氮情况。结果表明：氮气保护浇铸条件下,平均增氮量为11×10－6,对钢水中全氧含量,冷板力学性能无影响,因此可以确定连铸生产0Cr18Ni9不锈钢采用以氮代氩保护浇铸工艺技术是可行的,极大地节约了生产成本。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti与1Cr13不锈钢的焊接试验

通过钨极氩弧焊方法,对 1Cr18Ni9Ti 与 1Cr13 实施焊接.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对 1Cr13 马氏体型与 1Cr18Ni9Ti 奥氏体型不锈钢焊接接头进行金相组织、断口形貌观察及分析;利用显微硬度计、电子万能拉伸机测量焊接接头的力学性能;并通过海水模拟溶液浸泡试验,测量焊接接头极化曲线和交流阻抗谱.结果表明,通过手工钨极氩弧焊,采用直流正接接法,在合适的工艺下(焊接电流为 80 A,焊接速度为 110 mm/min),能够获得外观平整、组织均匀,力学性能与电化学性能符合要求的焊接接头.

Abstract：

The stainless steels of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 1Cr13 were welded through deterministic craft by tungsten inert-gas (TIG) welding. The microstructure and fracture pattern of weld joints of 1Cr13martensite and 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steels were observed and analyzed by means of LOM and SEM, the mechanical properties of the weld joints were measured with micro-hardness tester and electronic universal stretcher, and the polarization curves and AC impedance spectroscopy of weld joints were tested by seawater immersion test of simulation solution. The results show that adopting manual TIG welding through electrode negative to direct current soldering machine to weld 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steel and 1Cr13 martensite stainless steel is feasible; under suitable process (welding current is 80 A, welding speed is 110 mm/min), weld joints can obtain good appearance and uniform structure; mechanical properties and galvano-chemistry properties can meet use requirements.     

土壤中SRB及Cl-对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀的相互影响

利用交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱、失重法、微生物分析等方法 ,研究了在不同Cl-含量的土壤中 ,硫酸盐还原菌对 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀的影响规律 .13 6d的试验结果表明 ,不同Cl-含量土壤中SRB菌量在2 3 0 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 0 (个 /克土 )之间 ,Cl-的加入并没有显著影响SRB的生长 ,随着Cl-的加入土壤中SRB的菌量有增大的趋势 ;随着土壤中Cl-含量的增大 ,不锈钢腐蚀电位负偏移 ,而且在接菌土壤中的腐蚀电位比在灭菌土壤中负移幅度更大 ;不锈钢在灭菌土壤中没有发生点蚀现象 ,而在接菌土壤中发生了严重的点蚀 ,最大点蚀深度随着土壤中Cl-含量的增加而增大 ,这说明在土壤中SRB及Cl-的共同作用下 ,增大了不锈钢的点蚀敏感性 .不锈钢在灭菌土壤中的阻抗图谱表现为一个半径很大的容抗弧 ,而在接菌土壤中的阻抗图表现为两个时间常数的双容抗弧     

模拟酸雨组分对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢土壤腐蚀行为的影响

利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法研究了模拟酸雨组分对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在土壤中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,酸雨组分对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀行为影响显著。随着SO42-与NO3-浓度比的减小,不锈钢的腐蚀速率减小,说明硫酸型酸雨对本体系的腐蚀性明显强于硝酸型酸雨。不锈钢的电化学阻抗谱表现为双容抗弧,其腐蚀过程主要受氧扩散过程控制。     

Microstructure and vacuum tribological properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel with combined surface treatments

A sulfide film was fabricated on the nanocrystalline layer of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by a two-step method of supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB) and low temperature ion sulfurization treatments. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanocrystallized surface and the sulfide film were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (equipped with EDS), augur energy spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and nano-indenter. The tribological behaviour of the treated (after SFPB and sulfurizing treatments) 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel in vacuum was investigated on a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results showed that, randomly oriented equiaxial nanograins with the mean grain size less than 30 nm were formed in the top surface layer of the SFPB treated sample, and a compact and uniform sulfide film mainly composed of FeS was obtained after the succedent sulfurizing treatment. Compared to the original 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel, the treated surface revealed lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance in vacuum, and the variation of tribological properties with atmospheric pressure of the treated samples was not significant. The dominant wear mechanisms of the treated 1Cr18Ni9Ti in vacuum were abrasive wear and fatigue wear.     

超声冲击处理管接头疲劳设计曲线

采用T形管接头形式进行了20钢及奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti焊态与超声冲击处理态的疲劳对比试验,对超声冲击处理管接头疲劳设计问题进行了研究.结果表明:(1)用热点应力表征,对于承载前进行超声冲击处理的管接头,其疲劳设计曲线的斜率m采用10较为合适,而对于承载后进行处理的管接头,m采用3.0较为合适;(2)当应力比R=0,20钢及奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti承载前超声冲击处理管接头的相应疲劳设计S-N曲线(热点应力表征)为lgN=30.78-101gS;(3)当R=0.5,20钢承载前和承载超声冲击处理管接头的疲劳设计S-N曲线(热点应力表征)分别为lgN=28.0-101gS和lgN=13.37-31gS.     

不锈钢中铬在氢和氯离子作用下的腐蚀反应机理

0Cr18Ni9、1Cr13不锈钢是餐具常用的材料,通过试验建立了反应机理的反应体系,测定了在不同温度、酸度和盐浓度的溶液中铬的迁移量,应用化学动力学的理论,推导了反应机理,计算了反应速率常数。     

不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削力建模与实验研究

在难加工材料的铣削加工中,铣削力对质量有很大影响。对难加工不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削加工中的切削力模型与实验加工技术进行研究。将不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削加工中的切削力分解为切向铣削力、径向铣削力和轴向铣削力,由铣削力和切削加工参数之间的关系,建立不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削力模型。采用正交试验法设计加工试验获得铣削力数据,通过多元线性回归确定不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削力仿真模型中的系数。回归参数的显著性检验结果表明,所建立的铣削力模型能够对铣削力进行预测和控制。     

20/0Cr18Ni9复合管手工电弧焊工艺研究

研究了薄不锈钢内衬20／0Cr18Ni9复合管的焊接工艺和焊接接头性能。通过光学金相、能谱（EDS）成分及线扫描、扫描电镜（SEM）以及力学性能试验等分析方法对焊接接头进行了分析研究，结果表明：采用手弧焊和超低碳CHS062奥氏体不锈钢焊条焊接20／0Cr18Ni9复合管的过渡层焊缝，能保证复合管使用过程中对焊接接头强度和抗腐蚀性能的要求。     

奥氏体不锈钢热浸镀铝层的抗氧化特性

为进一步提高奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的高温使用性能,对该钢进行了热浸镀铝处理和抗高温氧化性能的试验.试验结果表明:经热浸镀铝处理后,奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的抗高温氧化性能明显得到改善,其热浸镀铝层的抗高温氧化行为符合抛物线规律.1 000℃抗氧化试验表明:在高温氧化过程中,表层Al2O3氧化膜及扩散层中的金属间化合物FeAl相和β-NiAl相起到抗氧化作用.     

Wear characterization of thermal spray welded Ni–Cr–B–Si–RE alloy coatings

The present contribution reports the tribological properties of Ni–Cr–B–Si–RE alloy coatings, thermal spray welded onto steel substrate. A study was conducted that characterized the critical normal loads and sliding speed on the wear behavior of a Ni–Cr–B–Si–RE alloy. The worn surfaces of the Ni–Cr–B–Si–RE alloy coatings were examined with a field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that an adhered oxide debris layer was formed on the worn surface in friction which contributed to decreased wear. Wear rate of the coatings increased with the load, but decreased with the sliding speed in the range of 0.02–0.08 m/s, then increases a little at 0.1 m/s sliding speed. The average friction coefficient is about 0.48, and decreased with the load, but increased with sliding speed at first, and then tended to slight decrease. Wear mechanism is dominated by a large amount of counterpart material transferred to the coating.     

HVOF/AC-HVAF热喷WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的耐冲蚀性能

采用高速火焰热喷涂系统（HVOF/AC-HVAF）在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢表面制备了三种组织结构不同的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,通过料浆罐冲蚀试验机对三种涂层和0Cr13Ni5Mo基材的冲蚀行为和冲蚀机制进行了研究,重点分析涂层组织与耐冲蚀性能的关系. 结果表明,三种涂层的耐冲蚀性能均优于0Cr13Ni5Mo基材,冲蚀失重仅为基材的6% ~ 35%,组织越均匀、致密的涂层耐冲蚀性能越优. 低攻角冲击时,涂层冲蚀机制以粘结相去除,WC颗粒剥落为主,基材冲蚀机制主要为微切削;高攻角冲击时,涂层冲蚀机制以涂层剥落为主,基材的冲蚀机制主要为变形磨损. 涂层的组织决定了不同试验条件下涂层的冲蚀行为和冲蚀机制.     

Effects of pressure and shear stress on material removal rate in ultra-fine polishing of optical glass with magnetic compound fluid slurry

Optical glasses used in a range of industrially important optoelectronic devices must be polished to nano-level roughness for proper device operation. Polishing process with magnetic compound fluid slurry (MCF polishing) under a rotary magnetic field is an influential candidate for the method to precisely polish optical glass. MCF slurry has been successfully utilized to polish a variety of materials, ranging from soft optical polymers to hard optical glasses. MCF was developed by mixing a magnetic fluid and a magnetorheological fluid with the same base solvent, and hence includes not only μm-sized iron particles but also nm-sized magnetite particles. To elucidate the behaviour of material removal in MCF polishing, this study measured the normal and shear forces generated in the polishing zone during polishing. From these measurements, the distributions of pressure P and shear stress τ were obtained. The distribution of material removal rate (MRR) was investigated through spot polishing of borosilicate glass. The effects of three process parameters, namely magnet revolution speed, MCF carrier rotational speed and working gap, on pressure P, shear stress τ and the MRR were also investigated. The results revealed that P is higher near the centre of the interacting area (i.e. the polishing spot centre) and the point of maximum shear stress τ appears at about 5 mm from the polishing spot centre. All of P, τ and MRR are sensitive to MCF carrier rotational speed and working gap but insensitive to magnet revolution speed. Shear stress is more sensitive to these process parameters than the pressure. Cross-sectional profiles of the polishing spots exhibit a characteristic symmetric W-shape; material removals are minimal at the spot centre and maximal at approximately 8.2–10.2 mm from the spot centre depending on the process parameters. MRR is proportional to the MCF carrier rotational speed and is negatively correlated with working gap. An MRR model involving both the pressure and shear stress in MCF polishing is proposed. In the model, MRR is more dominated by shear stress than by pressure.     

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline layer prepared by surface mechanical attrition in 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel

By means of surface mechanical attrition (SMA), a nanostructured surface layer was formed on a 0Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steel plate. A strain-induced martensite transformation was observed during SMA treatment, and a single magnetic martensite phase layer with thickness of about 30 μm was gotten. The grain growth and phase transformations in the nanocrystalline layer are investigated during heating. The grain growth exponent for nanocrystalline polycrystalline steel is estimated. The kinetics mechanism governing the grain growth in the nanocrystalline layer is discussed. The martensite in the surface layer is quite stable and the temperature at which the reverse transformation of martensite to austenite starts during heating is about 500 ℃.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力的实验研究

阐述了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切削特性,应用正交试验法进行了球头刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力实验,以铣削速度、铣削深度、进给量、行间距和斜面与水平面的夹角为试验因素,以球头刀斜面铣削力为试验指标。根据实验结果,回归得出了预测1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力的模型,并分析了各试验因素对铣削力的影响规律,最后给出了球头刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面时的推荐铣削参数值,并将其应用于不锈钢搅拌桨叶片加工。