浅谈数控刀具

近年来,快速发展的数控加工工艺技术促进了数控刀具结构基础科研和新产品的研发。世界各大厂商生产的数控机床用刀具种类、规格繁多,数量庞大,往往令人眼花缭乱,不得要领。现将有关数控刀具科普性知识和近几年来数控刀具材料、结构、应用等领域就其精要,在此简要分述,以便利用先进刀具技术为加工服务。     

浅议数控机床刀具的特点及使用

刀具在数控机床中是重要部件,直接影响到机床的加工效率,本文对数控刀具的分类以及特点,刀具的选择进行了分析,并对数控切削技术对工具提出的更高的要求进行了论述。     

数控工具磨床中的测量技术

数控工具磨床是现代加工制造领域中复杂形状刀具制造和修磨的关键设备,要加工出高性能的刀具,数控工具磨床必须安装高精度的自动测量和对刀系统。本文详细讨论了数控工具磨床中的刀具测量技术。     

数控工具磨床中的测量技术

数控工具磨床是现代加工制造领域中复杂形状刀具制造和修磨的关键设备,要加工出高性能的刀具,数控工具麻床必须安装高精度的自动测量和对刀系统。本文详细讨论了数控工具磨床刀具测量技术。     

数控机床刀具的选用与编程

数控刀具的选择与切削用量的确定是数控加工工艺中的重要内容,它不仅影响数控机床的加工效率,而且直接影响加工质量。因此,编程人员必须掌握刀具选择和切削用量确定的基本原则,在编程时充分考虑数控加工的特点,正确选择刀刃具及切削用量。     

高精度数控刀具的优化设计

本项目以高精度数控刀具为研究对象,应用计算机辅助设计、有限元分析及加工制造相关理论和技术,根据设计要求,综合考虑诸多因素,完成“高精度数控刀具CAD／CAM集成系统”的开发。     

数控加工过程中刀具的选择

快速发展的数控机加工工艺技术促进了数控刀具结构基础科研和新产品的研发。世界各大厂商生产的数控机床用刀具种类、规格繁多,数量庞大,往往令人眼花缭乱。现将有关数控刀具科普性知识和数控刀具材料、结构、应用等进行分类,并结合零件车加工过程中遇到的问题进行简要分析。     

简述当今先进刀具技术

随着机床工业也逐步向着数控化、精密化、集成化、智能化的方向发展,对刀具材料在硬度、抗弯强度、冲击性能、粘结剂和组织等方面的性能也提出了愈来愈高的要求。面对日益增多的难加工材料,多功能复合刀具、智能刀具、高速高效刀具逐渐成为现代制造技术的关键装备,因而成为时代的新宠,尤其在刀具材料与刀具结构方面有了新的发展。     

数控加工中刀具半径补偿的应用

在上世纪早期的数控加工中,编程人员根据刀具的理论路线和实际路线的相对关系来进行编程,容易产生错误。刀具补偿的概念出现以后,在数控加工中发挥了巨大的作用,有效提高了编程的工作效率。数控加工中常用的两种补偿是刀具半径补偿和刀具长度补偿,这两种补偿为我们解决了加工中因刀具形状而产生的问题。本文就刀具半径补偿在数控加工中的应用进行探讨。     

数控刀具管理系统的开发及应用

从分析数控刀具的特殊性入手，剖析了建立数控刀具管理系统的必要性，研究了数控刀具管理系统的资源采集、内部关系结构、以及功能模块的实现。勾画了应用该刀具管理系统的美好前景。     

基于VERICUT的五轴数控加工仿真研究

通过VERICUT的软件仿真平台,应用UG构建DMU50五轴数控加工机床的仿真模型,并输出驱动数控机床所需要的数控加工代码.针对五轴数控机床加工复杂零件容易发生的碰撞和干涉问题,在VERICUT软件中构建五轴机床,建立刀具库并设置各种关键参数,完成了五轴数控机床的仿真.利用VERICUT的自动比较功能来分析仿真结果,修改数控加工代码并进行机床加工.通过实际加工验证,加工出来的工件全部合格.     

Load spectra of CNC machine tools

Load spectra of CNC machine tools are described in this paper; 112 CNC machine tools have been traced for 3 years. Data including machining parameters and conditions, drawings and NC programs of parts, process cards and specifications of each individual CNC machine tool are gathered. A database containing this information is designed. The loads of CNC machine tools are calculated and the distribution parameters of loads are estimated. A fuzzy multicriteria comprehensive evaluation method is applied to evaluate the fitness of the distribution model. This methodology lays a foundation for the reliability designs of CNC machine tools. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constrained optimization strategies and CAM software for single-pass peripheral milling

Constrained optimization strategies and computer flow charts for single-pass rough peripheral milling on NC/CNC and conventional machine tools are presented and discussed. Various practical machine tool constraints have been considered, namely the maximum available power, torque and feed force and feed speed and cutting speed limits. The optimization strategies for this common operation have been found to be very complex and require computer assistance. A comparison of handbook recommended and optimal solutions has highlighted the significant benefits of using the latter and the need for minimizing the component loading time and cost to maximize such benefits.     

滚压印圆柱母光栅的微刻划制造

精密长光栅作为高档数控机床中的核心部件,其制造能力和精度直接决定高精密机床的制造水平．本文对纳米滚压印技术制造长光栅中的核心部件——圆柱母光栅的制造开展研究,建立了高精度的母光栅刻划制造平台,保证了母光栅制造的精度要求;分析了微尺度毛刺的形成机理和抑制方法,对母光栅材料选择及微尺度刻划工艺参数进行了优化,实现了直径110mm,周期分别为20μm、10μm和4μm整圈圆柱母光栅的高精度微刻划制造．母光栅刻划总条数为数万条,4μm周期母光栅连续刻划时间超过62h,最终实现母光栅的首尾拼接误差控制小于300mm．另外,针对滚压印加工中的填充问题,利用聚焦离子束（FIB）技术制备了V形、梯形等形状金刚石刀具,获得了良好的光栅压印结果．     

数控机床整机动态特性评价方法

动态特性是衡量机床性能的一项重要指标,但目前并没有较好的数控机床整机动态特性评价方法。利用真实的动态切削力对数控机床进行激励,能够快速获取机床在切削力作用下的动态特性。鉴于切削参数会影响各频率成分对应的切削力幅值,基于不同工件材料和切削参数下的动态切削力,建立动态激振力模型,通过分频段激励来检验数控机床在不同频段下的动态特性。通过有限元仿真分析,判断数控机床在各个频段下的动态特性;对振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换,得到机床振动时的主要频率成分,为优化机床动态特性提供指导;对比各种动态切削力激振下不同机床的动刚度,评价不同机床动态特性的优劣。最后,通过激振试验验证了仿真结果的准确性。结果表明上述方法简单实用,能快速评价数控机床的动态特性,具有一定的实用价值。     

Evaluation method of dynamic characteristics of whole NC machine tool

The dynamic characteristics is an important index to measure the performance of machine tools.However, there is no better method to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of whole NC (numerical control) machine tool. Through the excitation of real dynamic cutting force to the NC machine tool, the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool under the action of cutting force can be quickly obtained. In view of the fact that the cutting parameters would affect the amplitude of cutting force corresponding to each frequency component, a dynamic excitation force model was established based on the dynamic cutting forces under different sample materials and cutting parameters.The dynamic characteristics of the NC machine tool in different frequency bands could be tested by frequency band excitation. Through the finite element simulation analysis, the dynamic characteristics of NC machine tool in each frequency band was judged. The main frequency components in the vibration of machine tool were obtained by fast Fourier transform of vibration signal, which could provide guidance for optimizing the dynamic characteristics of machine tool. The dynamic stiffness of different machine tools under excitation of various dynamic cutting forces was compared to distinguish which machine tool had better dynamic characteristics. Finally, the simulation results were verified by the excitation test. The results indicate that the above method is simple and practical, and can quickly evaluate the dynamic characteristics of NC machine tool, which has certain practical value.     

高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别系统

当前方法设计的系统对机床数控加工态势进行识别时,没有对噪声进行回放,对切割平面度、切割定位精度、机床平稳性进行识别时,识别结果不准确,存在识别准确率低的问题。该文提出高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别系统设计方法,首先,通过运动控制卡,伺服控制模块及加工态势识别模块构成高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别系统的架构;其次,在加工态势识别模块中设计系统初始化、态势识别、自动诊断报警、运动控制、图形转码和G代码编译等子模块,在此基础上,通过噪音采集、噪音回放和信号分析等方法提高加工态势识别的准确率;最后,采用HMM算法构建高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别模型,实现加工态势识别。实验结果表明,加工态势设计方法设计的系统可有效识别机床的切割平面度、切割定位精度和机床平稳性,识别准确率较高。     

Heuristic optimization system for the determination of index positions on CNC magazines with the consideration of cutting tool duplications

This paper presents a meta-heuristic optimization system developed for the determination of optimal index positions of cutting tools on the tool magazines (automatic tool changer (ATC) or turret magazine, etc.) of CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tools. The selection of index positions is performed using a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm that takes the following as the input: (1) a list of cutting tools assigned to certain machining operations; (2) the number of copies of each cutting tool available in the workshop; (3) total number of index positions on the tool magazines; (4) the indexing time of a tool magazine of a CNC machine tool specified by manufacturer. Then, the SA algorithm determines index locations of cutting tools on the tool magazines. Dereli et al. and Dereli and Filiz previously studied the present problem by using genetic algorithms (GAs). However, the duplication of cutting tools was not taken into account in their works, although it can reduce the total tool-indexing time and therefore improve the productivity considerably. Nevertheless, the consideration of the ‘tool duplications’ makes the problem much harder to model and to solve. In this paper, a novel solution representation-scheme based on the SA, which enables easy manipulation during feasible neighbourhood solution generation, is proposed for the determination of the index positions of cutting tools on the CNC magazines with the consideration of ‘tool duplications’. Example problems are solved to present the implementation and merits of the proposed optimisation system. It is shown that it is possible to allocate the cutting tools in an efficient manner on the CNC magazines with the developed system.     

数控机床产业的创新与发展

随着科学技术和社会经济的发展,数控机床正朝着生态化、智能化和客户化方向发展。本文详细介绍了数控机床在控制系统、驱动系统和结构设计等方面的创新与突破。