实际拉深筋与等效拉深筋的对比研究

采用动力显式有限元软件eta/Dynaform对等效拉深筋模型和实际拉深筋模型进行有限元计算,讨论了初始压边力和虚拟冲压速度对板料通过拉深筋后变形行为的影响,对比分析了有限元计算结果;通过实际测试对模拟计算结果进行了验证.研究表明:应用等效拉深筋模型不能精确的模拟板料通过实际拉深筋时的变形行为,实际拉深筋模型受初始压边力的影响比等效拉深筋模型要大;同时得到了虚拟冲压速度合理的取值范围.     

拉深筋成形二维弹塑性有限元数值模拟

利用开发的拉深筋二维弹塑性有限元数值模拟软件 ,对圆形筋和矩形筋就压筋和成形的连续过程进行了数值模拟 ;分析了拉深筋主要几何参数对压筋力和拉深筋阻力的影响 ,研究了压筋和成形两个阶段板料在拉深筋作用下的变形规律与受力特点。模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好 ,为建立一种实用的等效拉深筋模型及进一步的三维拉深筋成形模拟奠定了基础。     

梯形拉深筋等效约束阻力模型研究

对拉深成形过程中板料经过梯形拉深筋时的变形情况进行了分析,运用能量法建立了一种简单实用的梯形拉深筋等效约束阻力计算模型,利用Dynaform软件对梯形拉深筋的等效约束阻力进行了模拟,将计算结果与模拟结果进行了比较。分析结果表明:在拉深成形过程中,如拉深筋设置在圆弧部位,板料经过拉深筋后最终等效约束阻力是随拉深过程的进行而变化的;板料通过设在直线段的筋产生的等效约束阻力,在一定的压边力下,其值为恒定的值;理论计算与模拟值基本吻合,在数值模拟时,该模型可以作为等效拉深筋使用。     

浅析拉深筋

在冷冲压工艺中,拉深成型模具以拉深筋的形状、数量和高度,通过调节板料与模具的摩擦力大小,来控制板料的流动速度,从而使板料变形得到很好地控制,使其成形过程中变形均匀,达到理想状态。合理布设拉深筋是覆盖件冲压成形控制方法中经济灵活而又广泛应用的方法,对拉深筋的种类、结构形式及设置过程中应注意的问题作了初步探讨。同时,通过调整拉深模具上的拉深筋,成功地解决了实际生产中制件起皱的问题。     

汽车前轮罩板有限元模拟及成形性分析

采用板料成形三维有限元分析软件Dynaform对某车型前轮罩板的拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟.通过对前轮罩零件的成形工艺性能分析,发现在轮罩板件的产品型面上有部分破裂,为了消除破裂现象,将拉深筋设置和工艺圆角型面进行了工艺优化.优化前后的FLD图对比表明:优化型面和拉深筋参数可将板料变薄率控制到27%左右.采用优化后的工艺方案,生产出了合格的前轮罩零件产品.     

基于迭代学习控制模型的覆盖件模具拉深筋优化算法

提出了基于迭代学习控制模型的覆盖件模具拉深筋优化算法,极大地提高了优化效率。利用成形状态函数,成形质量函数和学习律函数构建工艺参数优化的迭代控制模型。将该模型应用到拉深筋阻力值优化中,利用有限元模拟代替很难显示表达的状态函数,预测给定工艺参数方案下板料成形后的应力应变状态。根据单元的应变状态,定义拉深筋线段的局部缺陷程度为成形质量函数,评价拉深筋周围的成形质量好坏。学习律函数不仅参考拉深筋段周围的成形质量偏差确定拉深筋阻力值的改变量,同时还能智能更新学习增益修正拉深筋阻力值的改变幅度,加快了优化收敛速度。通过门内板的算例,证明了该拉深筋优化算法的快速性和实用性。     

曲面零件拉深筋的数值模拟

在拉深筋成形能力理论、曲面零件变形计算结果、以及实际板料参数这3种条件的基础上,以拉深筋参数设置为重点,应用有限元分析软件Dynaform,分别在有拉深筋和无拉深筋这两种条件下,对曲面零件进行有限元模拟实验.通过模拟实验对比的结果,显示了拉深筋在曲面零件变形时的作用,使理论计算和模拟实验得到了相互验证.同时,也进行了实验验证,实验结果与计算机数值模拟结果相吻合.此方法在整个加工工艺工程中简便直观,对于实际生产有一定的推广应用价值.     

新型拉深筋设计与应用

板料冲压成形过程中,拉深筋是重要的工艺措施,传统的拉深筋包括圆形筋和方形筋,现介绍了新型台阶筋的应用,在CAE软件反复计算后,达到了同传统工艺相等的功能,提高了材料利用率,并经过了实际应用的检验。     

拉深筋对板料拉深成形的影响

分析了拉深筋对板料拉深成形的影响机理和作用,提出拉深筋的基本设置原则,阐述设计其几何参数时应考虑的因素。结合汽车挡泥板的成形过程,利用有限元软件Dynaform分别模拟了无拉深筋、有整体拉深筋和局部拉深筋时挡泥板的成形过程。模拟结果证明,合理的拉深筋参数和布局能够有效地解决成形件的起皱和破裂问题,提高板料拉深成形质量。     

S梁的拉深成形数值模拟

采用数值模拟技术可以在模具设计初期预测产品的成形质量,优化工艺参数,从而缩短模具设计周期,降低成本。基于Dynaform有限元分析软件,对S梁的拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟。针对起皱和未充分拉深等缺陷,提出了压边力和拉深筋工艺参数的改进方案并加以比较,得到了较好的成形模拟结果。试验结果表明：压边力为400kN（不加拉深筋）或300kN（加拉深筋）时成形质量较好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.