高频脉冲镀Ni-Co合金的形貌、微观结构及耐蚀性研究

研究了紫铜基体上采用高频(20~140kHz)脉冲电流获得的Ni–Co合金镀层在w=10%的NaOH溶液中的耐蚀性。采用扫描电镜观察了碱蚀前后Ni–Co合金镀层的表面形貌,并测定了镀层在w=10%的NaOH溶液中的阳极极化曲线。结果表明,脉冲条件下所得的镀层致密,均匀,呈胞状生长,对w=10%的NaOH溶液有较强的耐蚀性。采用X射线衍射,分析了Ni–Co合金镀层的微观结构。当镀层中钴含量较低时,合金由面心立方结构的固溶体组成。随着脉冲频率的升高,Ni–Co合金镀层中的Co含量不断增加,其耐蚀性则不断降低。     

高频脉冲复合电镀(Ni-Co)-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性研究

用高频脉冲复合电镀方法制备了(Ni-Co)-SiC复合镀层。研究了脉冲频率对镀层硬度及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随着脉冲频率的增加,复合镀层表面更加致密、均匀,硬度提高。在3.5%NaCl溶液和15%H2SO4溶液中,(Ni-Co)-SiC复合镀层的自腐蚀电位均发生正移,腐蚀质量损失速率变慢。与Ni-Co合金镀层相比,复合镀层具有较高的硬度和耐蚀性。     

脉冲参数对镍镀层在NaCl溶液中耐蚀性的影响

采用扫描电镜观察镀层腐蚀前后的微观表面形貌,其腐蚀为小孔腐蚀,并分析镍镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀机理.利用浸泡腐蚀试验及阳极极化曲线测试镍镀层的耐蚀性.利用阳极极化曲线测试结果作为正交试验指标,着重分析脉冲参数及pH值对镀层耐蚀性的影响规律.脉冲频率越大,脉冲平均电流密度在6 A/cm2左右,pH值为3.8时,镀层耐蚀性能最好.     

化学镀Ni-Mo-P三元合金耐蚀性能的研究

用静态失重法分别测量了Ni-Mo-P三元合金在NaCl、HCl、NaOH、H2SO4溶液中腐蚀速率，并与Ni-P合金比较，结果表明Mo元素存在提高了镀层耐蚀性。另外，还对镀层进行热处理，并通过极化曲线测定，结果表明当热处理温度达到600℃以上时，有利于镀层耐蚀性的提高。     

电流密度对光亮镍-铁合金镀层表面形貌及耐蚀性的影响

通过电沉积方法制备光亮镍-铁舍金镀层,利用扫描电镜测定镀层表面显微形貌(SEM),X射线衍射仪测定合金饺层的相结构(XRD),然后对合金镀层进行浸泡腐蚀实验,观察其腐蚀行为,并测定其庸蚀速率.结果表明:镍-铁合金镀层在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率较在质量分数为5%的H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀速率小,即:在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中有较好的耐蚀性,最小的腐蚀速率为0.21 mg/(dm2·h),且在电流密度为4～6 A/dm2工艺条件下获得的舍金镀层在两种溶液中都具有较好的耐蚀性能.     

高频脉冲电镀镍-钴合金沉积速率的研究

采用高频脉冲电流,制备Ni-Co合金镀层。通过正交试验设计的方法,重点考察了脉冲频率、占空比、平均电流密度、温度及CoSO4的浓度对镀层的沉积速率及镀层在15%H2SO4溶液中耐蚀性的影响,从而遴选出最佳电镀工艺:脉冲频率120 kHz,占空比0.2,平均电流密度10 A/dm2,温度60℃,硫酸钴质量浓度40 g/L。并分析了最佳工艺得到的镀层表面形貌。     

化学镀镍铜磷三元合金沉积工艺的研究

为提高化学镀镍的硬度、耐磨及耐蚀性,以拓宽在电子工业中应用,采用在化学镀镍磷合金液中添加适量的铜离子制得镍铜磷三元合金。研究了镍离子与铜离子浓度比、次磷酸钠含量、沉积温度对合金镀层沉积速率的影响,利用Ｓ－５７０扫描电镜和Ｈ－８００透电镀观察了镀层表面形貌和显微组织,通过硝酸腐蚀试验比较了镍磷合金与镍铜镀层的耐蚀性。结果表明,铜的共沉积能明显提高镍磷合金的耐蚀性。     

加速剂对镍镀层耐蚀性的影响

研究了NaF和KIO3对Q235钢表面电沉积Ni-P合金层沉积速率的影响,并通过浸泡实验考察了Ni-P合金镀层在质量分数分别为3.5%的NaCl,10%的NaOH和5%的HCl等三种溶液中的耐蚀性.结果表明:NaF并没有提高镀层的沉积速率,而加入KIO3则提高了镀层的沉积速率.同时,加入NaF或KIO3后均能明显改善Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性.     

电镀镍-锡合金耐腐蚀性能研究

镍-锡合金以其优良的外观及合金性能被广泛的应用。近年来,电镀镍-锡合金传统电镀工艺不断得到改善和发展。研究了锡对镍-锡合金镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜和交流阻抗谱测试对镀层的表面形貌和耐蚀性进行研究。实验结果表明,在25%硫酸和10%盐酸中,镀层耐腐蚀性随着锡质量分数的增加先降低后升高,锡质量分数为8.88%的镀层耐蚀性能最差。浸泡试验得到了与阳极极化曲线相同的结果。     

电镀铝-锰合金的耐人工汗液腐蚀性能

为解决可穿戴设备中镍镀层受到汗液腐蚀而产生镍释放的问题,提出以Al–Mn合金镀层替代镍镀层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了Al–Mn合金镀层的微观形貌、成分,测试了它的表面粗糙度、光泽和努氏硬度,通过静态浸泡腐蚀试验和动电位极化曲线测量研究了Al–Mn合金镀层在人工汗液中的耐蚀性。结果表明:电沉积所得Al–Mn合金镀层镜面光亮、平整、致密,与基体结合良好,努氏硬度高于光亮镍镀层。Al–Mn合金镀层在人工汗液中发生全面的均匀腐蚀,耐蚀性为2级。Al–Mn合金镀层在人工汗液中的腐蚀电流密度与光亮镍镀层相近,但腐蚀电位更负,对腐蚀电位较负的基体起牺牲阳极保护作用,可以替代镍镀层用于汗液腐蚀的环境中。     

二元镍基合金镀层析氢性能的研究

通过电镀、化学镀及复合镀的方法,制备了Ni—S、Ni—P、Ni—Mo、Ni—W、Ni—Co、Ni—WC及Ni—ZrO2等一系列二元镍基合金镀层及复合镀层,并通过阴极极化曲线测试,比较了它们的析氢性能。从元素电子结构及元素电负性方面对合金元素的作用进行理论分析,初步探讨了镍基合金镀层的电催化机理。     

电沉积Ni-Fe合金工艺及镀层耐蚀性的研究

采用电沉积的方法制备了Ni-Fe合金镀层,对其微观形貌和结构进行了表征,并采用电化学方法研究了所制备的Ni-Fe合金镀层在不同介质中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:在5%硫酸溶液以及3.5%氯化钠溶液中,w(Fe)为19.23%的Ni-Fe合金镀层耐蚀性最好,在5%氢氧化钠溶液中w(Fe)为28.16%的Ni-Fe合金镀层的耐蚀性最佳。     

代铬镀层--Ni-W、Ni-W-B非晶态合金镀层性能研究

通过在浓硝酸、ω=5％NaCl溶液c=1mol/L H2SO4溶液中的浸渍试验,研究了不同基体上的Ni-W非晶态合金镀层的耐蚀性;通过测定在ω=5％ NaCl溶液及c=1mol／1．的HNO3溶液、H2SO4溶液、HCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线,研究了Ni-W非晶态合金镀层薄膜本身的耐蚀性;采用线性极化方法对Ni—W—B非晶态合金镀层在u=5％ Na—Cl溶液、c=1mol／L H2SO4溶液及HNO3溶液中的腐蚀速度进行了测定,并测定了以上2种非晶态合金镀层的硬度与耐磨性.结果表明．非晶态的Ni—W、Ni-W-B镀层比晶态镀层的耐腐蚀性能要好．而Ni—W—B非晶态合金镀层比Ni—W非晶态合金镀层的耐蚀性能又明显提高;经热处理后,Ni—W—B非晶态镀层的硬度值明显高于Ni—W非晶态镀层,耐磨性能都提高了1倍以上Ni—W、Ni—W—B非晶态镀层极有望成为一种比较好的代铬镀层。     

高活性镍钴铁三元合金电极的制备及析氢性能研究

为进一步提高镍基电极的析氢性能,采用恒电位沉积法,通过改变镀液中各合金的质量浓度比、沉积电位、沉积时间等条件,制备出一种高活性的镍钴铁三元合金电极。通过测定电极在1 mol/L的NaOH溶液中的极化曲线,得到最佳的沉积工艺条件为:36.25 g/L NiSO_4·6H_2O,1.25 g/L NiCl_2·6H_2O,5 g/L CoSO_4·7H_2O,7.5 g/L FeSO_4·7H_2O,10 g/L H_3BO_3,0.5 g/L抗坏血酸,1 g/L十二烷基硫酸钠,pH=4.0,电沉积电位-1.45 V,电沉积时间300 s。阴极极化曲线测试结果表明在5 A/dm^2的条件下,镍钴铁三元合金电极的析氢过电位降低至121 mV,相比于纯镍电极过电位降低近50%,相比于镍钴电极过电位降低近35%。     

The effects of pulse plating variables on morphology and corrosion behavior of Zn–Fe alloy coatings

Considerable researches have been focused on zinc–iron (Zn–Fe) alloy coatings due to their superior characteristics among zinc alloy electrodeposits in recent years. The corrosion behavior of these coatings depends on the phase structure and morphology of the Zn–Fe deposits. In this work the effects of pulse plating variables such as current density, off-time, frequency and pulse modes on the morphology and phase structure of Zn–Fe deposits was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. The corrosion behavior of these coatings was measured by means of polarization curves and Neutral salt spray tests. It was shown that pulse reverse coatings exhibit excellent resistance to corrosion in comparison with normal pulse and direct current conditions.     

Electrodeposition of Ni, Co and Ni-Co alloy powders

In this paper the polarization characteristics of the processes of Ni and Co powders and Ni-Co alloy powders electrodeposition from ammonium sulfate containing supporting electrolyte are investigated as a function of Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions concentrations. It is shown that the correct polarization curves for Ni and Co powders and Ni-Co alloy powders electrodeposition could be obtained only after IR drop correction, since the total current density of electrodeposition at the most negative potential of −1.4 V versus Ag|AgCl is extremely high (up to about 3-6 A cm⁻²) as a consequence of simultaneous hydrogen evolution which starts immediately after the beginning of metals (alloys) deposition. After determining the current density for hydrogen evolution and its subtraction from the total current density, correct polarization curves for Ni and Co powders and Ni-Co alloy powders electrodeposition are obtained. They are found to be different for each ratio of Ni²⁺/Co²⁺ ions concentration. It is also concluded that the shape of the polarization curves in all cases is practically defined by the shape of the polarization curve for hydrogen evolution. The morphology and composition of electrodeposited powders were also found to be sensitive to the ratio of Ni²⁺/Co²⁺ ions concentration.     

表面改性技术在连铸结晶器上的应用进展

表面处理是提高结晶器耐磨性和高温耐腐蚀性的有效手段,通过对镀层的改进可以达到提高连铸坯质量、延长结晶器寿命、提高铸坯的表面质量和降低生产成本的目的。综述了国内外最新的涂、镀层在结晶器上的应用情况及其特点。主要有热喷涂Ni-Cr镀层、超厚Ni-Fe镀层、Ni-Co合金、Ni-Fe-W-Co镀层、Ni-P复合镀层、陶瓷涂层、Hipercoat和Hiper H3镀层、纳米复合镀层等。同时指出采用稀土和纳米复合镀层等一些新型复合镀层是今后结晶器镀层的发展方向。     

镁-锂合金稀土转化工艺的研究

对镁-锂合金表面稀土转化成膜工艺进行了初步研究。分析了稀土盐硝酸镧转化、稀土盐硝酸镧+高锰酸钾转化工艺对稀土转化膜的形貌及耐蚀性能的影响。扫描电镜分析了稀土转化膜表面形貌;极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试技术研究了转化膜的耐蚀性能。结果表明:当在2g/L的硝酸镧转化液中加入2g/L的高锰酸钾时,镁-锂合金表面获得了均匀致密、裂纹细小的稀土转化膜;转化成膜时间对膜的耐蚀性也有不同程度的影响。     

Corrosion resistance of Pb–Sn composite coatings reinforced by carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes/Pb–Sn composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition technology. The polarization curves and electrochemical impedance of the Pb–Sn coatings and carbon nanotube/Pb–Sn composite coatings were studied in 3.0 wt% HCl, 10 wt% NaOH, and 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte solutions, respectively. The results show that the corrosion potential of carbon nanotubes/Pb–Sn composite coatings were improved in the three kinds of corrosive medium, especially in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte solution, where it increased significantly from −0.592 V (vs SCE) to −0.535 V (vs SCE). In addition, composite coatings have higher electrochemical impedance. Carbon nanotubes can improve the corrosion resistance of lead–tin electroplated coatings.     

Improved electrochemical performance of trivalent-chrome coating on Al 6063 alloy via urea and thiourea addition

This project aims at improving the electrochemical performance of trivalent-chrome coating through urea and thiourea addition. The electrochemical behaviors of coatings formed with different concentrations of urea and thiourea were investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 25 °C, using potentiodynamic polarization curves and EIS. The corrosion resistance of coatings is improved greatly by adding a small amount of inhibitors, whereas the excessive addition deteriorates the corrosion resistance. Thiourea addition presents better effect than urea. To explain the EIS results of the coatings, a simple equivalent circuit was designed. The EIS parameters were obtained by fitting the EIS plots. The results of the polarization curves and EIS show that the inhibitor-containing coatings present better corrosion resistance than the coating without inhibitor. The morphology and composition and valence state of the conversion coatings were examined by SEM and EDS and XPS, respectively. The results indicated that the trivalent chromium coating was developed on Al 6063 alloy, urea and thiourea inhibitors were also deposited on the substrates, respectively. A noticeable chemical shift was also observed.