聚丙烯微孔膜研究进展

聚丙烯（PP）是一种价格低廉的塑料，是目前最主要的制备高分子微孔膜的材料之一。笔者综述了近年来PP微孔膜制备方法的研究进展，重点介绍了熔纺拉伸法（MSCS）、热致相分离法（TIPS）、共混拉伸法、熔融烧结法等PP微孔膜的常用制备方法，并对相关的影响因素进行了讨论。     

熔融纺丝拉伸法制备PP/PPOH中空纤维膜的研究

根据片晶分离致孔的机理,利用羟基化改性聚丙烯(PPOH)与聚丙烯(PP)共混,通过熔融纺丝拉伸法制备具有一定亲水性的PP/PPOH中空纤维膜,探究了热处理温度及热拉伸温度对PP/PPOH中空纤维膜的结构与性能的影响。结果表明：当热处理温度为130℃时,PP/PPOH初纺中空纤维膜的结晶度高,力学性能较好,纯水通量为102.4 L/(m²·h);当热处理温度为130℃、热拉伸温度为130℃时,PP/PPOH中空纤维膜的结晶度最高,达39.4%,拉伸强度达93.1 MPa,表面微孔结构完善,纯水通量最高,达118.4 L/(m²·h)。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯木塑复合材料的性能研究

分别以聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、玻纤增强PP/PE为基体材料,通过挤出成型制备了木塑复合材料(WPC)。研究表明,玻纤能够有效地提高WPC的性能,以玻纤增强PP/PE为基体制备的WPC的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量分别达到4.58 kJ/m2,19 MPa,30.8 MPa,3520 MPa,性能优于以PP或PE为基体制备的WPC。     

PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH复合材料力学性能的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH）复合材料,并研究其力学性能。结果表明：PP-g-MAH可提高PP与CaCO3的相容性,使复合材料的韧性和拉伸性能得到提高,PE可提高PP与POE的相容性,并有效提高复合材料的韧性,经POE、PE、CaCO3和PP-g-MAH之间的相互协同改性作用可制得综合性能优良的PP复合材料。     

叔丁基酚醛树脂在PP／EPDM合金中的作用研究

采用熔融分段共混法制备含有叔丁基酚醛树脂的PP/EPDM合金,通过SEM、DMA、拉伸和结晶速度试验,研究了PP合金的结构形态、相分离、结构行为和力学性能。结果表明过氧化物能改进PP/EPDM/PE合金的动态交联密度。PP/EPDM/PF/过氧化物合金的力学性能和结晶速度优于PP/EPDM和PP/EPDM/PF系统。     

中国塑料专利

<正>专利名称:一种双向拉伸聚丙烯触感膜专利申请号:CN106671529A专利申请日:2017.05.17本发明公开了一种双向拉伸聚丙烯触感膜,该薄膜由上、下表层和芯层组成,所述上、下表层中一层为触感层,另一层为触感层或抗黏连层;所述触感层是由聚烯烃热塑性弹性体(TPO)、PE均聚物和PP均聚物构成,或是由热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶(TPU)和PP均聚物构成。本发明的聚丙烯触感膜采用直接挤出法制备,其制备方法简单、成本低。     

加工方式对PP/EAA/LDH复合材料性能影响

进行了聚丙烯(PP)、乙烯–丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)及水滑石(LDH)复合材料改性一体化研究,并研究了一次熔融挤出加工法和二次熔融挤出加工法对PP复合材料性能的影响。X射线多晶衍射、透射电子显微镜分析表明:两种加工方法制备的复合材料中EAA均插层和剥离了LDH,改善了LDH在PP基体中分散性,并且一次挤出加工效果优于二次挤出加工效果;热失重分析表明,两种加工方式均提高了复合材料的热稳定性能;静态力学性能测试表明:一次挤出加工制备的复合材料PP1的拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量和缺口冲击强度均高于二次挤出加工制备的复合材料PP2。实验表明一次熔融挤出加工方法对复合材料中LDH插层和剥离效果以及LDH在PP基体中分散效果优于二次熔融挤出加工。     

PP纳米复合材料断面形貌分析及拉伸行为有限元模拟

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/蚋米TiO2复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了复合材料的冲击和拉伸断裂行为,最后采用有限元法对复合材料的拉伸行为进行了数值模拟.结果表明,复合材料的冲击韧性较纯PP有很大程度的改善,但其拉伸断裂方式仍为脆性断裂.拉伸过程中,大的团聚体首先与基体PP...     

熔体拉伸PE–HD和PE–LLD薄膜的制备及性能

以高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)和线型低密度聚乙烯(PE–LLD)树脂为原料,采用转矩流变仪,借助熔体拉伸法制备了具有取向结构的PE–HD膜和PE–LLD膜。利用偏光显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热、小角激光散射及力学性能测试分析不同熔体拉伸速率下PE–HD膜和PE–LLD膜的结构与性能变化情况。结果表明,熔体拉伸速率越高,PE–HD膜和PE–LLD膜的相对取向度越高,快速拉伸PE–HD膜和PE–LLD膜的相对取向度分别为2.043和1.556;熔体拉伸速率对PE–HD膜和PE–LLD膜的结晶温度影响不大,两种膜具有显著的结晶性,PE–HD膜的结晶性更好;随熔体拉伸速率的提高,PE–HD膜和PE–LLD膜的拉伸屈服应力和拉伸弹性模量提高,断裂伸长率降低,总体上看,PE–LLD膜的断裂伸长率较PE–HD膜高,而拉伸强度较PE–HD膜低。     

离子液体改性石墨烯对PP性能的影响

采用离子液体对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行改性,然后经水合肼还原制备离子液体改性石墨烯(m-GE),通过熔融共混法制备了m-GE/聚丙烯(m-GE/PP)复合材料。研究了m-GE的分散性及m-GE对m-GE/PP复合材料的结晶性能、拉伸性能、热稳定性和导热性能的影响。结果表明:与GE/PP相比,m-GE在PP中的分散性得到了改善;m-GE/PP复合材料的导热性能和断裂伸长率都有所提高,而结晶性能、拉伸强度和热稳定性变化不大。     

Microporous polypropylene and polyethylene hollow fiber membranes. Part 3. Experimental studies on membrane distillation for desalination

Three polypropylene (PP) and one polyethylene (PE) microporous hollow-fiber membranes were used in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for the desalination of simulated seawater. The influence of feed temperature and feed flow on distillate pure water flux was investigated. The comparison of the PP and PE membranes in DCMD and VMD was carried out. It was found that the water flux increased with the feed temperature and feed flow in both DCMD and VMD. The data also showed that, compared with the PP membranes, higher water flux could be obtained by using PE membranes in both the DCMD and VMD processes.     

Use of the lower critical solution temperature for the characterization of polymer mixtures and the study of their compatibility: Application to polyethylenes,polypropylene, and their copolymers

The Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and ethylene-propylene block and random copolymers have been measured in heptanes. A thermogram related to the variation of the turbidity of the solution is obtained between 100 and 210°C. The temperature of the onset of the turbidity peak is defined as the LCST of the system. The width and the area of the turbidity peaks are tentatively associated with the polymer polydispersity and the amount of polymer involved in the phase separation. The thermograms of solutions containing both homopolymers show two distinct turbidity peaks situated at a 70°C interval. Correlations of molecular orientations in the concentrated phase, possible in PE systems but not in PP solutions, are at the origin of the lower LCST values for PE solutions. The LCST of copolymers are situated between those of the homopolymers but the dependence of the LCST on the copolymer ethylene content is different for block and random copolymers. Examples of thermograms are also given for mixtures of copolymers with PE and PP. By analysis of their thermograms, some commercial block EP copolymers were also found to contain PK and PP. This method seems well suited for characterizing polymer mixtures.     

Triboelectrostatic separation of pvc materials from mixed plastics for waste plastic recycling

This study covers the triboelectrostatic separation of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) materials from mixed plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The PVC material generates hazardous hydrogen chloride gas resulting from the combustion in the incinerators. The laboratory scale triboelectrostatic separation system consists of a fluidized-bed tribocharger, a separation chamber, a collection chamber and a controller. Negative and positive surface charges can be imparted to the PVC and PET particles, respectively, due to the difference of triboelectric charging series between the particles in the fluidized-bed tribocharger. They can be separated by passing through an external electric field. A highly concentrated PVC (91.9%) can be recovered with a yield of about 96.1% from the mixture of PVC and PET materials in a single stage of processing. For the removal of PVC from the two-component mixed plastics such as PVC/PET, PVC/PP, PVC/PE or PVC/PS, separation results show the recovery of 96–99% with the pure extract content in excess of 90%. The triboelectrostatic separation system using the fluidized-bed tribocharger shows the potential to be an effective method for removing PVC from mixed plastics for waste plastic recycling.     

Improving the antifouling properties of polypropylene surfaces by melt blending with polyethylene glycol diblock copolymers

Protein‐resistant polyethylene‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PE‐b‐PEG) copolymers of different molecular weights at various concentrations were compounded by melt blending with polypropylene (PP) polymers in order to enhance their antifouling properties. Phase separation of the PE‐b‐PEG copolymer and its migration to the surface of the PP blend, was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and static water contact angle measurements. Enrichment of PEG chains at the surface of the blends increased with increasing PE‐b‐PEG copolymer concentration and molecular weight. The PP blends compounded with PE‐b‐PEG copolymer having the lowest molecular weight (875 g mol^?1), at the lowest concentration (1 wt %), gave the lowest bovine serum protein adsorption (30% less) compared to that of neat PP. At higher concentrations (5 and 10 wt %), and higher molecular weights (920, 1400, and 2250 g mol^?1), the PE‐b‐PEG copolymers leached‐out resulting in protein adsorption comparable to that of neat PP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46122.     

Miscibility and crystallization of metallocene polyethylene blends with polypropylene

The crystallization and morphology of very‐low‐density polyethylene (VLDPE) and ultra‐low‐density polyethylene (ULDPE) blends with isotactic polypropylene (PP) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot‐stage optical microscopy (HSOM) with polarized light. In particular, the isothermal crystallization of PP in molten PE was investigated. A polypropylene homopolymer was melt‐blended with six types of VLDPEs and ULDPEs, with variations in branch content and length and in molecular weight. All the blends contained 20% PP by mass. It was found that the crystallization temperatures of PP and PE changed in the blends, and the crystallization of PP was affected by branch length and content and by the molecular weight of the PE, indicating a certain degree of miscibility between PP and PE. The isothermal crystallization rate of PP decreased in the blends; in particular, the crystallization rate of PP was slower in the ULDPE with lower MFI, suggesting that crystallization of PP was hindered by PE and that its rate was regulated by the viscosity of ULDPE. HSOM images showed that a portion of the PP crystallized from molten PE, although phase separation was obvious, providing additional information on the miscible behavior between PP and VLDPEs (or ULDPEs). Furthermore, the miscible level between the PP and the ULDPEs was higher than that between the PP and the VLDPEs because the degree of change in the crystallization behavior of the PP and PE was greater in the PP–ULDPE blends. This was possibly a result of the higher branch content in the ULDPE. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1179–1189, 2003     

The functions of crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers in the formation of multiple phase morphology of high impact polypropylene

The functions of crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers in the formation of multiple phase morphology of high impact polypropylene (hiPP) were studied by solvent extraction fractionation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C‐NMR), and selected reblending of different fractions of hiPP. The results indicate that hiPP contains, in addition to polypropylene (PP) and amorphous ethylene‐propylene random copolymer (EPR) as well as a small amount of polyethylene (PE), a series of crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers. The crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers can be further divided into ethylene‐propylene segmented copolymer (PE‐s‐PP) with a short sequence length of PE and PP segments, and ethylene‐propylene block copolymer (PE‐b‐PP) with a long sequence length of PE and PP blocks. PE‐s‐PP and PE‐b‐PP participate differently in the formation of multilayered core‐shell structure of the dispersed phase in hiPP. PE‐s‐PP (like PE) constructs inner core, PE‐b‐PP forms outer shell, while intermediate layer is resulted from EPR. The main reason of the different functions of the crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers is due to their different compatibility with the PP matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Properties and performance of a simulated consumer polymer waste—coal combustion byproduct composite material

A UK sourced fly ash (coded UKFA) was introduced into polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE) based composites at different PP/PE ratios to investigate its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Composites containing 65% wt. fly ash modified with commercial peroxide (DCP) and commercial coupling agent (C800) were prepared via batch mixing and compression moulding. The usage of DCP led to the formation of cross‐linked PE, which was responsible for highly viscous composites. The newly formed cross‐linked PE, together with chain scission of PP, would promote phase separation. Mechanically less stiff materials were produced, especially at high PE levels, because of the larger rubbery interfacial region, despite the good matrix–filler adhesion increasing the strength balance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1239–1247, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Usefulness of microporous hydrophobic polypropylene membranes after plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid for high-power nickel-cadmium batteries

Commercial microporous polypropylene (PP) membranes were modified by plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) under UV irradiation. Under optimized conditions obtained membranes are hydrophilic and may be serviceable as separator in nickel-cadmium cell. Electrolytic resistance of modified membranes is evaluated and compared with that of commercial separators: conventional cellophane separation and hydrophilic polypropylene separation (Celgard 3501). This paper reports the maximum power test data for nickel-cadmium cells equipped with different separators. Cells with modified PP membrane show very good high-rate performance.     

Morphology and thermal properties in the binary blends of poly(propylene-co-ethylene) copolymer and isotactic polypropylene with polyethylene

The morphology and thermal properties of isothermal crystallized binary blends of poly(propylene-co-ethylene) copolymer (PP-co-PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with low molecular weight polyethylene (PE) were studied with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). In PP-co-PE/PE binary blends, however, the connected PE acted as a phase separating agent to promote phase separation for PP-co-PE/PE binary blends during crystallization. Therefore, the thermal properties of PP-co-PE/PE presented double melting peaks of PE and a single melting temperature of PP during melting trace; on the other hand, at cooling trace, the connected PE promoted crystallization rate because of enhanced segmental mobility of PP-co-PE during crystallization. At isothermal crystallization temperature between the melting points of iPP and PE, the binary blend was a crystalline/amorphous system resulting in persistent remarkable molten PE separated domains in the broken iPP spherulite. And then, when temperature was quenched to room temperature, the melted PE separated domains were crystallized that presented a crystalline/crystalline system and formed the intra-spherulite segregation morphology: these PE separated domains/droplet crystals contained mixed diluent PE with connected PE components. On the other hand, in the iPP/PE binary blends, the thermal properties showed only single melting peaks for both PE and iPP. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of iPP shifted to lower temperature with increasing PE content, implying that the diluent PE molecules were miscible with iPP to form two interfibrillar segregation morphologies: iPP-rich and PE-rich spherulites. In this work, therefore, we considered that the connected PE in PP-co-PE functioned as an effective phase separating agent for PP and diluent PE may be due to the miscibility between connected PE and diluent PE larger than that between PP and dispersed PE.     

Effect of stretching on continuous oil/water separation performance of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane

In this work, polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by thermal-induced phase separation method. The influence of cold-stretched and hot-stretched treatment on the morphology and permeability of the PP hollow fiber membranes was investigated. The results showed that there were cracks and crystalline particulate structures on the outer and inner surfaces of the stretched PP hollow fiber membranes, which were not isolated but linked together through fiber-like connections. Compared to the original PP hollow fiber membrane, the mean pore sizes, the porosities, the hydrophobicity and water entry pressure of the stretched PP hollow fiber membranes improved significantly. When applied in conjunction with a vacuum system, the PP hollow fiber membranes could continuously remove oils from water surface, and separate surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions, as well. The initial kerosene fluxes of the hot-stretched PP hollow fiber membrane were higher than that of the membranes prepared from original PP hollow fibers or cold-stretched PP hollow fibers. The permeate fluxes of the hot-stretched PP hollow fiber membrane for all different emulsion separations were higher than those of the original PP hollow fiber membrane. There could be seen no emulsion droplet in the optical micrographs after separation, indicating that the water-in-oil emulsions were effectively separated in one-step method.