聚四氟乙烯拉伸微孔膜的结构与性能

通过挤出、压延和拉伸等工序制备了聚四氟乙烯微孔膜，采用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了微孔膜的微观结构；采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和广角X衍射（WXRD）表征了拉伸前后聚四氟乙烯结晶度的变化；研究了拉伸温度、拉伸倍率和拉伸速率对微孔膜力学性能的影响。结果表明：聚四氟乙烯微孔膜具有小岛状结点和与拉伸方向平行的微细纤维组成的微观结构；拉伸使PTFE的结晶度显著降低；拉伸工艺是制备微孔膜的关键因素，拉伸温度220～320℃，拉伸倍率为8倍时，微孔膜的最大拉伸强度可达8．5MPa；此外较大的拉伸速率可获得尺寸分布更均匀的微孔。     

聚丙烯硬弹性膜的挤出流延工艺及拉伸成孔性

以某进口均聚聚丙烯(PP)(PP1)为原料,通过挤出流延工艺制备了PP1硬弹性膜并在130℃下对其进行热处理,研究了挤出温度、流延辊转速及温度、热处理温度和时间等工艺参数对PP1硬弹性膜弹性回复率的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件,即挤出温度为195℃、流延辊温度及转速分别为90℃,26 r/min,热处理温度和时间分别为145℃,30 min。将该工艺应用于分子量及其分布与PP1基本相似的国产PP(PP2),发现由此工艺制备的PP2硬弹性膜的弹性回复率可达94.6%,与PP1硬弹性膜相差不大。通过冷热单向拉伸将PP1和PP2硬弹性膜制备成微孔膜,发现两者具有相似且优异的微孔结构。在此基础上,通过扫描电子显微镜研究了冷热拉伸工艺参数对PP2微孔膜拉伸成孔性的影响。结果表明,当冷拉伸倍数为15%,热拉伸倍数为100%,冷热拉伸速率均为50 mm/min时,制备的PP2微孔膜形成了完整规则的多孔结构。     

PTFE乳液制备PTFE/YSZ微孔膜及孔隙率的研究

以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）乳液为原料、氧化钇稳定二氧化锆（YSZ）微纳米粉体为增强体,采用机械拉伸法制备了PTFE/YSZ复合微孔膜,通过扫描电子显微镜对其进行了表征,并运用单因素法探讨了分散剂聚乙烯醇（PVA）、拉伸倍数、YSZ含量和热处理温度对复合微孔膜孔隙率的影响。结果表明,在复合微孔膜中添加PVA以及增加YSZ含量均使复合微孔膜的孔隙率增大;在拉伸3.5倍、YSZ含量为8 %(质量份数)、热处理温度为320 ℃时,复合微孔膜孔隙率高达73.09 %。     

通用树脂制备分离膜的研究进展

综述了近年来制备聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)分离膜及分离膜表面改性的研究进展,介绍了熔融纺丝-冷却拉伸法、热致相分离法、共混拉伸法、熔融烧结法等分离膜的常用制备方法。PP、PE分离膜的制备在我国有着广阔的发展前景。     

冷却条件对超高分子量聚乙烯微孔膜结构及性能的影响

致相分离法（TIPS）是通过改变温度以驱动相分离来制备聚合物微孔膜的，因此冷却条件对微孔膜微马结构的影响至关重要。本文采用TIPS法制备了超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMW-PE）微孔膜，并深入研究了不同冷却条件对UHMW-PE微孔膜的结构及性能的影响。     

PTFE乳液制备PTFE/ZrO2微孔膜及性能研究

尝试以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）乳液为原料制备PTFE微孔膜,选定化学稳定性、热稳定性优异的纳米二氧化锆（ZrO2）作为增强剂以提高微孔膜强度,采用电子万能力学试验机测试了样品的力学强度,用单因素法讨论了纳米ZrO2含量、拉伸比例、热处理温度和热处理时间对微孔膜拉伸强度的影响;同时采用低温等离子体处理PTFE/ZrO2复合微孔膜以改善其表面亲水性。结果表明,PTFE/ZrO2复合微孔膜的拉伸强度与纳米ZrO2含量成正比,与拉伸倍数成反比;其拉伸强度随着热处理温度的升高或热处理时间的延长,呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,分别在310 ℃和10 min时出现最大值;低温等离子体处理的最佳时间为30 s。     

改性苎麻布增强PP复合材料性能的研究

以聚丙烯（PP）膜作为基体材料，苎麻布作为增强体，制备出苎麻增强PP复合材料。选取五层平纹布和PP膜进行层合热压，制备出苎麻增强PP热塑性复合材料薄板，分析了影响扳材拉伸性能的因素。结果表明，苎麻织物经过碱处理后，其层压材料的拉伸性能得到明显的改善，拉伸强度比未处理前的层压材料增加了48．4％；苎麻织物经过硅烷偶联刹KH-550、A-151预处理后，层压材料的拉伸强度分别提高了42．3％和69．4％。     

聚四氟乙烯拉伸微孔膜制备工艺探索

介绍了聚四氟乙烯拉伸微孔膜的制备方法、成孔机理及结构特征;对国内外聚四氟乙烯拉伸微孔膜加工工艺研究进展进行了归纳总结,并指出了不同工艺参数下制备的膜材料的特征及性能;展望了聚四氟乙烯拉伸微孔膜的发展前景。     

PTFE/ZrO2复合微孔膜结晶性能的研究

以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）乳液为原料,选定化学稳定性、热稳定性优异的纳米二氧化锆（ZrO2）为增强剂,制备出PTFE/ZrO2复合微孔膜,并通过X射线衍射仪对PTFE/ZrO2复合微孔膜样品的结晶性能进行了表征,使用单因素法讨论了ZrO2的含量、拉伸倍数、热处理温度及热处理时间等因素对PTFE/ZrO2复合微孔膜结晶性能的影响。结果表明,复合微孔膜的结晶度与拉伸倍数、热处理温度和热处理时间成正比,与ZrO2含量成反比;ZrO2含量为7 %、拉伸倍数为1~2.5倍、热处理温度为310 ℃、热处理时间为10 min时,制成的复合微孔膜综合性能最佳。     

口模拉伸过程PP/CaCO3复合材料结构演变及机理

利用口模拉伸法制备了轻质、高强、高模的聚丙烯（PP）/碳酸钙（CaCO₃）复合材料，分析了口模拉伸对材料微观结构、晶体结构、热性能和密度的影响，揭示了口模拉伸过程中材料结构演变及其机理。结果表明，随着拉伸过程的进行，材料内的原始球晶向微纤状晶体转变，同时发生晶粒细化现象，结晶度增大表明存在拉伸诱导结晶现象。微孔尺寸的显著增大及材料密度的显著降低主要发生在材料离开收敛流道壁面后的自由拉伸过程中。     

Coupling of gas membrane smooth pervaporation and alcoholic fermentation

The coupling of smooth pervaporation across microporous (PTFE and polypropylene) and nonmicroporous (silicone) membranes to alcoholic fermentation on cane molasses has been investigated as a means to limit the inhibition by ethanol. The use of liquid and gaseous carriers has been examined. Best results in terms of productivity improvement were obtained with the microporous membranes at high carrier flow rates. The complex nature of the natural broth affects the pervaporation efficiency and the hydrophobicity of the microporous membranes.     

聚丙烯微孔膜的研究进展

介绍了由熔融纺丝-冷却拉伸法和热致相分离法制备聚丙烯微孔膜的原理和过程。对当前膜研究领域的热点即膜的亲水化改性研究进行了重点评述,包括暂时性改性和永久性改性。阐述了各种改性方法的特点,着重讨论了亲水化改性对膜性能如膜的微孔孔径、孔隙率、透水量等的影响,强调膜表面亲水性的提高可改善膜的耐生物污染性。指出聚丙烯微孔膜的应用领域和发展前景。     

Usefulness of microporous hydrophobic polypropylene membranes after plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid for high-power nickel-cadmium batteries

Commercial microporous polypropylene (PP) membranes were modified by plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) under UV irradiation. Under optimized conditions obtained membranes are hydrophilic and may be serviceable as separator in nickel-cadmium cell. Electrolytic resistance of modified membranes is evaluated and compared with that of commercial separators: conventional cellophane separation and hydrophilic polypropylene separation (Celgard 3501). This paper reports the maximum power test data for nickel-cadmium cells equipped with different separators. Cells with modified PP membrane show very good high-rate performance.     

Influence of magnesium sulfate whiskers on the structure and properties of melt‐stretching polypropylene microporous membranes

The influence of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) whiskers on the structure and properties of polypropylene cast films and stretched microporous membranes was investigated. We found that for the cast films, MgSO₄ showed some nucleation effects, and the introduction of MgSO₄ led to the decrease of the orientation degree along the machine direction (MD), whereas that along the transverse direction (TD) was improved; this indicated that MgSO₄ whiskers were mainly arranged along the TD. The introduction of MgSO₄ up to 10 wt % did not induce apparent changes in the pore structure and air permeability properties of the stretched microporous membranes but improved the electrolyte absorption ability. The most pronounced change for the stretched microporous membranes was the strength along the TD. It was increased by 110% when the MgSO₄ content was 2 wt %. During the fabrication of microporous membranes, only stretching along the MD was carried out to initiate pore formation; this resulted in a lower strength along the TD. This study gave us a method for improving the mechanical properties of stretched microporous membranes along the TD. The obtained microporous membranes with better electrolyte absorption and higher mechanical strength along the TD could be used in lithium‐ion batteries as separators. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43884.     

Hydrophilic modification of polypropylene microporous membranes by grafting TiO2 nanoparticles with acrylic acid groups on the surface

Hydrophilic microporous membranes were prepared based on polypropylene (PP) cast films blended with a commercial acrylic acid grafted polypropylene (PP-g-AA) via melt extrusion followed by grafting titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on its surface, annealing and stretching. ATR-FTIR, XPS and EDS analyses showed that the hydrophilic segments of an amphiphilic modifier (PP-g-AA) acted as surface functional groups on the film surface. The results indicated that the presence of the modifier was very important for grafting TiO₂ nanoparticles on the film surface. Compared to PP and PP/PP-g-AA blend films, the water contact angle decreased by a factor of 2.5 after grafting TiO₂ on the surface of the films, meanwhile the water vapor permeability of the microporous membranes prepared from those films increased by a factor of 1.5. All these results indicated that the hydrophilicity of the modified PP membranes was improved.     

紫外光诱导接枝共聚制备离子识别性聚丙烯微孔膜

以聚丙烯微孔膜(MPPM)为支撑,采用物理包埋和紫外光诱导共价键合组合法固定光引发剂,再通过紫外光诱导接枝共聚制得离子印迹复合膜。考察了制备条件对离子印迹聚合物接枝量的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)-能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)对复合膜表面及截面离子印迹聚合物的分布进行了分析。静态水接触角和纯水通量实验结果显示,离子印迹复合膜具有良好的表面亲水性和渗透性,纯水通量可达(2 077±77)L/(m2.h)。再生性研究表明,离子印迹复合膜具有良好的再生性能,10次吸附-脱吸附循环后,膜对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量和选择性系数分别能维持在90%和80%以上。     

热致相分离法iPP中空纤维微空膜结构与性能--稀释剂的作用

Isotactic polypropylene （iPP） hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared using thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） method. Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, dioctyl phthalate （DOP）, and the mixed solvent were used as diluents. The effect of α （DOP mass fraction in diluent） on the morphology and performance of the hollow fiber was investigated. With increasing α, the morphology of the resulting hollow fiber changes from typical cellular structure to mixed structure, and then to typical particulate structure. As a result, the permeability of the hollow fiber increases sharply, and the mechanical properties of the hollow fiber decrease obviously. It is suggested that the morphology and performances of iPP hollow fiber microporous membrane can be controlled via adjusting the compatibility between iPP and diluent.     

Morphology of fibers formed via thermally induced phase separation of polypropylene and liquid paraffin blend in stress-field

Summary Phase diagram obtained from small angle light scattering (SALS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of polypropylene/liquid paraffin blend system indicates that the melts undergo solid-liquid phase separation upon cooling and liquid paraffin is expelled out of crystalline region of polypropylene. Fibers spun under high take-up draw ratio are found to be hard-elastic. Long periods in the meridional direction are observed on the curves of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the yield point of fibers decreases with the increase in liquid paraffin content, which indicates such fibers have row-nucleated lamellar structure perpendicular to the fiber direction. The feasibility of preparing microporous membranes by stretching such fibers is investigated. Received: 12 May 1999/Revised version: 23 August 1999/Accepted: 25 August 1999     

Microporous polypropylene and polyethylene hollow fiber membranes. Part 3. Experimental studies on membrane distillation for desalination

Three polypropylene (PP) and one polyethylene (PE) microporous hollow-fiber membranes were used in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for the desalination of simulated seawater. The influence of feed temperature and feed flow on distillate pure water flux was investigated. The comparison of the PP and PE membranes in DCMD and VMD was carried out. It was found that the water flux increased with the feed temperature and feed flow in both DCMD and VMD. The data also showed that, compared with the PP membranes, higher water flux could be obtained by using PE membranes in both the DCMD and VMD processes.     

微孔聚丙烯膜表面季铵化及其抗菌性能

为了赋予微孔聚丙烯膜(MPPM)抗菌能力,发展了一种有效的表面季铵化方法。基于紫外光引发丙烯酸的接枝聚合,通过碳二亚胺活化,将聚亚乙基亚胺(PEI)共价固定于MPPM表面,用环氧丙烷对PEI链上的伯胺和仲胺进行叔胺化,最后再和苄氯反应,成功地使MPPM表面季铵化。采用FTIR、XPS、荧光素二钠盐染色和水接触角对膜进行了表征。采用平板活菌计数法考察了季铵化膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能。结果显示,季铵化膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有强的抗菌活性;增加膜表面阳离子密度或延长接触时间,均能有效提高膜的抗菌能力。