东芝TBA30—FR全自动生化分析仪评价

评价日本东芝TBA-30FR全自动生化分析仪的工作性能。方法：用进口和国产试剂及定值质控血清对该仪器的准确度、精密度及交叉污染等进行了观察。结果：应用进口及国产试剂测定生化指标20项,其准确度除1个结果位于允差范围内外,其余结果均位于可信范围内。精密度观察：批内不精密度cv％为0．27～0．71,批间不精密度cv％为0．87～2．88。交叉污染率为0～0．87％。结论：通过准确度、精明度和交叉污染试验的观察,我们认为该仪器可以满足临床化学实验室的要求。     

Cobas6000自动生化分析仪临床检验性能评价

目的：对Cobas6000自动生化分析仪在临床生化检验中的应用效果做出总体评价。方法：检测了质控血清、样本血清中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆红素（TB）、血糖（Glu）、尿素氮（Bun）、肌酐（Crea）、尿酸（Uric）、肌酸激酶（CK）、钾（K）、钠（Na）、氯（CI）、钙（Ca）等项目;考察了精密度、线性相关性和回收入率,并与Vitros950干化学全自动生化分析仪做了相关性分析。结果：批内变异系数为0．61％～2．36％,批间变异系数为0．81％～4．54％;标本的稀释度与测定的浓度值线性相关性较好;Cobas6000的测定结果与强生Vitros950相比,具有良好的相关性,相关系数r2在0．9624～0．9975之间;回收率为95％～105％。结论：该仪器对血清各项生化指标的测定结果稳定,精密度和准确度均较好。     

全自动生化分析仪在基质金属蛋白酶检测中的应用效果及性能验证研究

目的探讨全自动生化分析仪在基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix Metalloproteinase,MMP)检测中的应用效果及性能验证.方法选择2019年4月—2021年12月血清样本89份,参考行业有关标准,结合国家及国际指南要求,检索大量文献设计验证方案,对全自动生化分析仪在MMP测定中的应用效果及性能进行验证,包括:精密度、准确度、分析线性范围及生物参考区间等.结果低值与高值不同的浓度测定MMP-3中质控品日渐不精密度为4.1%和1.19%;日间不精密度为4.96%和2.15%,均低于厂家要求(P<0.05);对应的5个不同浓度校准品检测结果与均值偏差为0.2%~2.2%,均低于实验室允许的测量偏差;Y=1.0022X,r^(2)=0.9996,相关系数r^(2)>0.975,b值为0.96~1.04,呈线性关系.验证了MMP-3测量范围为10.63~1496.37ng/ml,与厂家给出的测定范围相似;通过对健康体检者完成MMP-3测定,仅2名患者超出说明书范围,其余检测者均在说明书范围内,可接受仪器厂家提供的MMP-3生物参考区间.结论全自动生化分析仪能完成MMP的测定,具有良好的精密度、准确度,具有良好的检测稳定性,检测范围较宽,能为临床诊疗提供参考依据.     

DimensionAR型全自动生化分析仪使用评价

目的：了解 Ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ ＡＲ型全自动生化分析仪性能。 方法：用质控定值血清评价仪器的准确性、精密度;用定标液测定线性;用高、低浓度的样本测试携带污 染率。 结果：仪器性能良好;９个项目的相对偏差最低０.０１％,最高３.５％;平均精密度天内为ＣＶ％＝０．５０％, 天间为 ＣＶ＝１. ０８％;基本无交叉感染 结论： Ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ ＡＲ型全自动生化分析仪具准确、精密、随机任选的特点,适于中等规模医院使用。     

VITALAB—Selectra全自动生化分析仪性能测试评价

按照临床化学常规评价方法对SELECTRA全自动生化分析仪进村评价。对包括酶活性在内的十一种测定项目进行了测试，结果表明：精密度、准确度及线性良好，交及污染率低。     

亚铁嗪法测定血浆铁假性升高的原因及解决办法

目的:探讨亚铁嗪法测定血浆铁假性升高的原因及解决办法。方法:用试管法实验观察反应体系的变化;用血清和血浆两种校准品分别校准生化分析仪,配对测定20例血清和血浆标本。结果:血浆中的纤维蛋白原在测定条件下变性使反应体系产生混浊,从而干扰测定,使结果假性升高,血浆标本结果(169.29±43.80 μ g/dL)与血清标本结果(98.34±47.93 μ g/dL)比较,差异有统计学意义(t=16.14,P<0.001)。血浆定标后测定血浆标本,结果(107.1±37.88 μ g/dL)与对应的血清铁(98.34±47.93 μ g/dL)比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.994,P>0.05 )。结论:用血浆定标法测定血浆铁可基本消除纤维蛋白原的干扰。     

免疫化学分析仪测定风湿三项血清指标的性能评价

目的:对贝克曼IMMAGE800免疫化学分析仪测定风湿三项(抗链球菌溶血素O(ASO)、类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP))血清指标进行初步评价。方法 :通过速率散射比浊法对ASO、RF、CRP血清指标的精密度、正确度、线性、携带污染等指标进行检测,评价贝克曼IMMAGE800免疫化学分析仪检测系统的性能。结果:IMMAGE800免疫化学分析仪的批内精密度(低水平)ASO变异系数(CV)为5.97%,RF和CRP的标准差(SD)分别为2.324、0.411,批内精密度(高水平)变异系数(CV)分别为3.43%、2.29%、4.54%,批间精密度(低水平)变异系数(CV)分别为4.46%、4.48%、4.81%,批间精密度(高水平)变异系数(CV)分别为5.09%、4.97%、3.35%。ASO、RF、CRP检测的相对偏差均小于CLIA’88或PT能力验证允许误差的1/2。ASO、RF、CRP检测的线性回归系数(r2)分别为0.9773、0.9939、0.9982。CRP携带污染率为-0.0193%。结论 :IMMAGE800免疫化学分析仪具有良好的精密度、正确度、重复性和线性、携带污染率小,符合要求。     

一种利用统一积分时间数据提高生化分析仪采集精度的方法

提出了一种简化生化分析检测过程、提高测量结果精密度的方法,即统一积分时间数据测量法。首先根据PDA驱动程序和光电转换原理推导出光强与积分时间档的关系式,然后在实验的基础上按照PDA性能参数确定线性工作区间,再将各个积分时间暗电流数据记录下来,在数据采集过程中将相应的积分时间档下的暗电流数据扣除,保证了暗电流给分析仪器造成的误差最小。从而使生化分析仪在测试样品浓度发生很大变化时也可以使仪器有较高的灵敏度和较大的动态范围。该方法在以光纤光谱仪为主体的微型生化分析仪样品检测过程中的应用表明：提高动态范围、工作效率1-3倍、检测精密度25%。     

Dimension RxL MAX全自动生化分析仪血清铁测定系统的建立

在Dimension RxL Max全自动生化分析仪的开放通道上用空白试剂盒装载商品化亚铁嗪检测试剂,建立了血清铁的测定体系,并对所建方法进行了方法学评价。结果表明,该方法的高、低值样本总变异系数分别为5.55%、7.49%,测定线性范围为2～1000μg/dL,平均回收率为104%。实验证明,在该仪器开放通道中运用亚铁嗪法进行血清铁测定是可行的。     

4种血细胞检测系统测定结果的比对分析

目的:分析同一项目在不同仪器的检测结果是否具有可比性。评价4种血细胞分析仪测定结果的准确性和一致性。方法:以日本SYSMEX公司生产的XE-2100为目标仪器,XE-5000、XN-2000和深圳迈瑞公司生产的BC-6800为实验仪器。采用中、低值标准血细胞质控品每天一次对4台仪器进行质控,连续统计30天,评价仪器的精密度;每天随机选取标本8例,共测定5天,测定白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)和血小板(PLT),计算实验仪器和目标仪器之间的相对偏差,并判断结果之间的可比性。结果四台仪器的质控统计结果显示,精密度和稳定性均很好,变异系数(CV)均小于1/3CLIA'88;比对结果显示实验仪器和目标仪器之间各项指标的相对偏差符合标准,在1/2CLIA'88允许总误差范围之内,各项检测项目之间有很好的相关性,r均大于0.975。结论:4种全自动血细胞分析仪测定结果之间有较好的可比性。     

基于血栓弹力图的孕妇HDCP凝血状态分析研究

目的探讨基于血栓弹力图的HDCP孕妇凝血状态。方法选择2019年1月至2020年12月确诊为妊娠期高血压疾病的孕妇93例,作为观察组;同期体检正常的妊娠孕妇95例,作为对照组。检测并比较两组孕妇的凝血指标(PT、TT、APTT、FIB、INR、D-D)、血小板指标(PLT、MPV、PDW)、血栓弹力图参数(R、K、α、MA)等检测结果的变化。结果相较于对照组,观察组的PT、TT、APTT、PLT、R值、K值水平均降低(P<0.05),FIB、D-D、PDM、MVP、α角、MA水平均提高(P<0.05);R与PT、TT、APTT成正相关,K与APTT成正相关,K与FIB、PLT成负相关,α与FIB、PLT成正相关,MA与FIB、PLT成正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在高凝状态的检测上,R值的敏感性更高;在纤维蛋白原升高的检测上,α与MA的检测敏感性更高。结论血栓弹力图(TEG)与部分凝血指标间存在线性相关关系;对TEG各参数的检测有利于了解患者病情变化。     

血浆置换双重分子吸附系统治疗重型乙型肝炎的价值

目的:观察血浆置换(PE)联合双重血浆分子吸附系统(DPMAS)在重型乙型肝炎治疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月~2019年12月169例重型乙肝患者临床治疗,根据人工肝模式不同,分为单纯PE组(单纯PE治疗)与联合组(先行DPMAS治疗,再行低置换量PE治疗),经1:1倾向性匹配评分,得到2组各50例患者。治疗3次后,比较2组治疗前后肝功能指标[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、血浆白蛋白(ALB)、总胆汁酸(TBA)]、凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、血小板(PLT)]、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺及CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺比值)及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,2组ALT、TBIL、ALB、TBA水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且联合组ALT、TBIL、TBA水平明显低于单纯PE组(P<0.05);2组PT水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),PTA水平较治疗前上升(P<0.05),但PLT水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且2组PT、PTA、PLT水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组外周血CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺比值均较治疗前上升(P<0.05),CD₈⁺较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且联合组外周血CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺比值明显高于单纯PE组(P<0.05),CD₈⁺明显低于单纯PE组(P<0.05)。联合组不良反应总发生率14.67%,明显低于单纯PE组的27.33%(P<0.05)。结论:相比单纯PE治疗,PE联合DPMAS治疗重型乙型肝炎患者,可更好改善患者肝功能及T细胞亚型分布,且不良反应少。     

Modeling of silicon nanoparticle formation in inductively coupled plasma using a modified collision frequency function

A model is presented to describe particle growth in inductively coupled plasma. The model consists of plasma chemistry and a coagulation module that adopts a modified collision frequency function. The modified collision frequency function is modified by a collision correlation factor that reflects the repulsive force of the particle charge in plasma in order to describe the reduction of coagulation among medium size particles (around 100 nm). In this model, plasma state and concentration of nuclei are determined by a spatially averaged global model in the plasma chemistry module. Particle growth is calculated by a coagulation module. To verify the validity of the model, comparison analysis is performed between experimental data obtained with PBMS and models, some of which are modified by a collision correlation factor. The analysis is performed with respect to dependencies on synthesis time, plasma source power and chamber pressure. From the analysis, we confirm the validity of the model that adopts a modified collision frequency function for the plasma condition.     

Sliding wear performance of cobalt-based alloys in molten-Al-added zinc bath

Pin-on-disk sliding wear tests were conducted in a molten Zn-18% Al (wt.%) bath at 470°C to evaluate the wear performance of as-cast Stellite 6 and Tribaloy 800, and PTA (plasma transferred arc) well-surfaced Stellite 6 with 35% and 50% WC-Co. Wear performances of PTA weld-surfaced Stellite 6 with 35% WC-Co and 50% WC-Co are not effective when coupled with the same materials although their hardnesses are the highest compared to other materials tested. When Tribaloy 800 is coupled with PT35 (PTA weld-surfaced Stellite 6 with 35% WC-Co) and PT50 (PTA weld-surfaced Stellite 6 with 50% WC-Co), only Tribaloy 800 would be damaged and part of worn Tribaloy 800 would be transferred to the counterpart PT35 or PT50 materials regardless of disk and pin combinations. Although overall wear rates of both pin and disk are similar between Stellite 6 and Tribaloy 800, the wear mechanism is quite different. While harder eutectic carbides are broken and detached in Stellite 6, the softer matrix is preferentially attacked without pulling out harder phases in Tribaloy 800 during the wear testing.     

微流控芯片凝血检测装置的设计

在传统检测原理及方法的基础上,设计了一种凝血检测装置。重点对检测装置的机械部分进行了改善,选择微流控芯片替代传统的玻璃试管作为检测容器。实验结果表明,与传统玻璃试管相比,采用微流控芯片作为检测容器,试剂混合均匀,检测结果的重复性好。     

Performance Assessment of Processing and Delivery Times for Very Large Scale Integration Using Process Capability Indices

Process quality and delivery time have received increasing attention in the highly competitive electronics industry. Many studies have proposed process capability indices (PCIs) to assess process effectiveness. However, methods to assess the performance in terms of processing and delivery times of products have seldom been discussed. The conventional PCIs can no longer assess the processing time (PT) and delivery time (DT) performance objectively or identify the relationship between PCIs and the non-conformance rate of PT or the conformance rate of DT. Lacking an effective performance index or an objective testing procedure to assess process/product performance will lead to inefficiency or a high manufacturing management overhead cost. Therefore, this study offers effective performance indices (i.e., PCIs) to assess the PT and DT performance for very large scale integration (VLSI). The uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimators of the proposed PCIs are derived under the assumption of a normal process distribution. The PCI estimators are then employed to construct a one-to-one relationship between the PCIs and the conformance rate of DT or non-conformance rate of PT, respectively. Finally, hypothesis testing procedures for the proposed PCIs are also developed. The testing procedure can be used to determine whether DT or PT can satisfy a customer’s requirements. ID="A1" Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr K. S. Chen, National Chin-Yi Institute of Technology, 35, Lane 215, Sec. 1 Chung Shan Road, Taiping, Taichung, 411 Taiwan. E-mail: kschen@chinyi.nci-t.edu.tw     

物性测试仪对休闲食品酥脆性的测量

以市售不同形状的休闲食品为样品,以TA.XT2i/50型物性测试仪为仪器,探头和运行参数为试验因素,用仪器测量到的断裂力,变形距离等参数反映酥脆性,讨论了不同探头和不同测试参数对休闲食品酥脆性的影响规律,为休闲食品的研发、品质控制提供参考.研究结果表明,探头和测试参数对于酥脆性有显著影响.对于样品厚度较小的样品宜选用探头HDP/BSK;对于粒形、尺寸较小的样品宜选用P35探头.测试速度对于断裂力和变形距离影响不显著但对于峰面积、正峰数等指标影响显著.数据采集速率对于峰数、破断距离等参数影响显著.反映样品的内部结构宜选用较小的测试速度和较高的数据采集速率.     

Influence of lubricant on gear failures — test methods and application to gearboxes in practice

Base oil type, oil viscosity, and additive type and content have a strong influence on typical gear failures. As it is not possible to quantify the influence of a lubricant on load‐carrying capacity simply from a knowledge of the physical or chemical oil data, many test methods have been developed for the evaluation of mechanical—technological lubricant properties. Simple low‐cost bench test methods often show poor correlation with practice. From both experience and systematic investigation, it can be seen that testing of gear lubricants can be performed adequately only in gear test rigs using specified test gear geometry. The standard FZG back‐to‐back gear test rig has been developed over many years and improved for different types of gear failure simulation. The standard FZG oil test A/8.3/90 is widely used for the evaluation of the scuffing properties of industrial gear oils. Automotive gear oils of GL4 level can be tested in the step test A10/16.6R/90, and axle oils of GL5 level in the shock test S‐A10/16.6R/90. For slow‐speed regimes, the C/0.05/90:120/12 wear test can be used. The influence of lubricants on the micropitting performance of gears can be evaluated in the GF‐C/8.3/90 micropitting test. Different pitting tests are available, as single‐stage (PT‐C/9:10/90) or load spectrum (PT‐C/LLS:HLS/90) tests. The aim of this paper is to describe the influence of the lubricant on the different failure modes in gears, how to quantify this effect in adequate test methods, and how to introduce the results of such tests as determining values of the lubricant into load‐carrying capacity rating methods.     

First neutral beam injection experiments on KSTAR tokamak

The first neutral beam (NB) injection system of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak was partially completed in 2010 with only 1∕3 of its full design capability, and NB heating experiments were carried out during the 2010 KSTAR operation campaign. The ion source is composed of a JAEA bucket plasma generator and a KAERI large multi-aperture accelerator assembly, which is designed to deliver a 1.5 MW, NB power of deuterium at 95 keV. Before the beam injection experiments, discharge, and beam extraction characteristics of the ion source were investigated. The ion source has good beam optics in a broad range of beam perveance. The optimum perveance is 1.1-1.3 μP, and the minimum beam divergence angle measured by the Doppler shift spectroscopy is 0.8°. The ion species ratio is D(+):D(2)(+):D(3)(+) = 75:20:5 at beam current density of 85 mA/cm(2). The arc efficiency is more than 1.0 A∕kW. In the 2010 KSTAR campaign, a deuterium NB power of 0.7-1.5 MW was successfully injected into the KSTAR plasma with a beam energy of 70-90 keV. L-H transitions were observed within a wide range of beam powers relative to a threshold value. The edge pedestal formation in the T(i) and T(e) profiles was verified through CES and electron cyclotron emission diagnostics. In every deuterium NB injection, a burst of D-D neutrons was recorded, and increases in the ion temperature and plasma stored energy were found.     

Spectrographic temperature measurement of a high power breakdown arc in a high pressure gas switch

A procedure for obtaining an approximate temperature value of conducting plasma generated during self-break closure of a RIMFIRE gas switch is described. The plasma is in the form of a breakdown arc which conducts approximately 12 kJ of energy in 1 μs. A spectrographic analysis of the trigger-section of the 6-MV RIMFIRE laser triggered gas switch used in Sandia National Laboratory's "Z-Machine" has been made. It is assumed that the breakdown plasma has sufficiently approached local thermodynamic equilibrium allowing a black-body temperature model to be applied. This model allows the plasma temperature and radiated power to be approximated. The gas dielectric used in these tests was pressurized SF(6). The electrode gap is set at 4.59 cm for each test. The electrode material is stainless steel and insulator material is poly(methyl methacrylate). A spectrum range from 220 to 550 nanometers has been observed and calibrated using two spectral irradiance lamps and three spectrograph gratings. The approximate plasma temperature is reported.