基于图灵机的递归技术的实现陈晓亮[1] 卢朝辉[2] 宋文[1]

图灵机是通用的计算机模型,一般程序设计和以图灵机为机器模型的计算也是支持递归的。本文首先分析了递归的特征,利用多带图灵机作为计算模型,定义了递归技术转移 函数形式,提出了图灵机递归过程信息传递与保存的方法,给出了图灵机调用的实现,继而给出了图灵机递归技术的实现,同时证明了图灵机的调用与图灵机的递归调用是图灵可识别的。     

广义分子计算模型在0-1背包问题中的应用

生物分子计算在实现上有很多局限性。借鉴了广义图灵模型(Generalized Turing Model,GTM)[1]。该模型是由分子计算粘贴模型与图灵机相结合而得到的,并且已证明可以在多项式时间内准确获得0-1整数规划、集合覆盖等多个NP完全问题的全体可行解集。在此基础上将GTM应用于求解0-1背包问题,仿真展现了该模型的优点。     

基于量子逻辑的图灵机及其通用性

基于量子逻辑的自动机理论是量子计算模型的一个重要研究方向.该文研究了基于量子逻辑的图灵机(简称量子图灵机)及其一些变形,给出了包括非确定型量子图灵机l-VTM,确定型量子图灵机l-VDTM以及相应类型的多带量子图灵机,并引入量子图灵机基于深度优先与宽度优先识别语言的两种不同定义方式,证明了这两种定义方式在量子逻辑意义下是不等价的.进一步证明了l-VTM、l-VDTM与相应类型的多带量子图灵机之间的等价性.其次,给出了量子递归可枚举语言及量子递归语言的定义,并给出了二者的层次刻画,证明了l-VTM与l-VDTM不等价,但两者作为量子递归语言的识别器是等价的.最后,文中讨论了基于量子逻辑的通用图灵机的存在性问题,给出了一套合理编码系统,证明了基于量子逻辑的通用图灵机在其所取值的正交模格无限时不存在,而在其所取值的正交模格有限时是存在的.     

基于持久图灵机和细胞自动机的病毒Agent及其动力学建模

计算机病毒是这样一种程序,当它在一台计算机上执行时,能够利用该机器的资源生成自身的可能进化了的副本,每个副本可以通过某种方式传播到其他计算机中,并有机会得到执行.一个具体的病毒实例被称为病毒Agent,因为它在执行过程中能够在无用户干预的情况下自主进行动作选择,从而具有了基本的自治性.持久图灵机是一种描述顺序交互的正则模型,基于持久图灵机建立了一种病毒Agent的计算模型.该模型展现了计算机病毒的传染性本质,并且克服了传统图灵机病毒模型在表现交互性上的固有缺陷.在该模型的基础上,推导出一些与病毒Agent相关的有用定理.还讨论了利用细胞自动机进行病毒Agent动力学建模的问题,并得到了一些启发性的结论.     

谈计算机专业实践教学中计算思维能力的培养

阐述了计算理论(可计算性与计算机复杂性理论)中的几个典型问题,以图灵机模型、停机问题、近似算法及装箱问题等为例从不同角度分析计算理论与计算思维的密切联系,强调计算机专业实践教学中计算思维能力培养的必要性。     

图灵机模拟系统的设计与实现

图灵机模型是现代计算机科学的理论基础,学习图灵机理论对于研究计算机软件理论有重要意义。文章分析了在Von Neumann机上仿真图灵机存在的两个问题,并针对单带图灵机模型设计了一个完整的图灵机模拟系统。该模拟系统能够编译并执行图灵机程序,为基于图灵机模型或其扩展模型的理论研究提供实验平台,对构造基于中间语言解释执行的虚拟机提供实践指导。     

插入/切割DNA计算系统模型研究

为建立以载体分子为基础的DNA计算系统,根据目的基因和载体分子连接操作的特性构造一类DNA计算模型.该模型基于上下文的插入/删除模型,将线性分子拓展到环形质粒分上进行讨论.以剪接系统理论为基础,对在单一限制性内切酶作用下的插入/切割操作进行模拟.最后证明了这类操作的图灵机表达能力.     

构建基于模拟的世界观:图灵原理回望

相对于图灵测试,很多人对图灵原理更加陌生.图灵原理来自"通用图灵机",认为存在一种通用的机器,可以运行任意的指令,这些指令可以计算物理问题.二战期间,在处理计算导弹弹道和破译密码这两类不同问题的时候,都可以用同一个计算机来完成,也就是说现代计算机就是一种"通用图灵机".     

哈密顿回路问题的DNA表面计算模型

基于生化反应原理的DNA计算具有强大的并行运算能力,DNA计算机在求解NP问题上存在着硅计算机无法比拟的先天的优越性。论文采用荧光标记的策略,给出了一种新的哈密顿回路问题的DNA表面计算模型。该模型首先将问题解空间的DNA分子固定在固体载体上,然后通过进行相应的生化反应来求得哈密顿回路问题的所有解。在新模型中,解空间的生成过程与边的排列顺序无关。     

图灵机及其构造研究

图灵机模型是现代计算机科学的理论基础,学习图灵机理论对于研究计算机理论有着重要的意义。本文介绍了图灵机的产生和用途,分析其基本模型以及扩展模型,并通过举例对图灵机的构造进行了探讨。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.