新型增稠剂YES在液洗产品中的应用

YES增稠剂是一种阴离子型脂肪醇丙烯酸酯共聚物,专为表面活性剂体系而设计的新型液体增稠剂。对YES的增稠性能、耐盐性、泡沫性能与常用增稠表面活性剂6501、CAB和OA-30等作对比,同时研究了pH值变化以及温度变化对YES增稠剂增稠体系黏度的影响。结果表明,YES增稠剂具有良好的增稠性能和广泛的pH值应用范围,同时具有很好的泡沫性、耐温性和耐盐性。     

疏水改性聚丙烯酸类增稠剂的合成

以α-甲基丙烯酸和多种丙烯酸酯类为原料,过硫酸钾（KPS）为引发剂,十二烷基硫酸钠和吐温-60为复配乳化体系,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯为交联剂,通过乳液聚合,合成出增稠剂。研究了甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯（SMA）含量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量等因素对共聚物增稠剂增稠性能的影响。结果显示,单体配比是影响增稠剂各项性能的最主要因素,当SMA=1％时。增稠性能最好;随着交联剂的增加,耐盐性下降,增稠黏度先增大后减小,在交联剂为0．3％时出现最大值;引发剂量为0．3％时,所得聚合物的增稠性能最好,为0．4％时,所得聚合物的耐盐性最好。     

疏/亲水性增稠剂对谷氨酸表面活性剂体系的协同增稠特性研究

研究了典型疏水、亲水性增稠剂月桂酸甘油酯和PEG-160季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯对月桂酰谷氨酸钠为主体的表面活性剂溶液体系的增稠作用规律。疏水性增稠剂月桂酸甘油酯单独使用时,无法有效提高体系黏度;亲水性增稠剂PEG-160季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯单独使用时,可实现增稠作用,但增稠效率不高,且对温度敏感性显著,低温下存在胶凝化问题。采用月桂酸甘油酯和PEG-160季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯复配,可以在较低增稠剂用量条件下,有效实现体系增稠。此外,在5～30℃的温度范围内,体系黏度保持相当稳定,可以完全避免低温凝胶化问题。     

乳液增稠技术的研究进展

增稠剂可以提高物系黏度,使物系保持均匀稳定的悬浮状态或乳浊状态,或形成凝胶。目前常用的增稠剂有纤维素及其衍生物类、聚丙烯酸及其共聚物类、非离子缔合型聚氨酯类等,对不同增稠剂特性的了解对于根据需要选择合适的增稠剂非常重要。主要以纤维素及其衍生物类、聚丙烯酸及其共聚物类、非离子缔合型聚氨酯类这三类主要的增稠剂为主,综述了乳液增稠的相关增稠机理以及研究应用技术。     

疏水单体组合对聚丙烯酸盐增稠剂耐电解质性能的影响

采用反相乳液聚合法合成了一种耐电解质犁聚丙烯酸盐增稠剂.研究了不同的疏水单体对黏度和耐电解质性能的影响,并且将它们进行了组合,考察了共聚物的性能,并用红外光谱对共聚物结构进行了表征.结果表明,将长链疏水单体进行复配参与聚合能够明显改善共聚物的亲水性和耐电解质性能;而像丙烯酸丁酯这样的短链疏水单体对体系增稠和耐电解质性能影响甚微.当m(十八烷基乙烯基醚):m(十二烷基乙烯基醚)=1:3,用量为总单体质量的4%～5%时,w(产物)=3%的自浆黏度在90 Pa·s以上,黏度保留率可达47%,优于使用单一的疏水单体.     

氨基酸表面活性剂三元复配体系的应用研究

将氨基酸表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂进行复配,调节配比和pH,获得了自增稠体系,考察了复配体系的黏度、泡沫性能、表面张力和微观结构。梳理性和刺激性评价结果表明,将三元复配体系用于制备氨基酸透明洗发香波,梳理性好,温和不刺激。     

氨基酸透明洁面啫喱体系研究

以椰油酰甘氨酸钠和月桂酰谷氨酸钠2种氨基酸表面活性剂体系为研究对象,通过复配其他温和表面活性剂,选用2种增稠剂异硬脂酰胺MIPA/月桂酸甘油酯(SPA-80)和鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-60肉豆蔻基甘醇(GT 282S)对体系进行增稠,考察2种增稠剂在不同氨基酸表面活性剂体系中的增稠性能。在此基础上,通过调节体系pH以获得最佳黏度、泡沫量、透明度和稳定性。研究结果表明,椰油酰甘氨酸钠体系中,SPA-80和GT 282S各添加1.5%,调节pH 6.8时黏度最高,且具有最优的泡沫量、低温透明度和稳定性;月桂酰谷氨酸钠体系中,SPA-80和GT 282S添加量分别为2.7%和1.6%,调节pH 5.8时黏度最高,且具有最优的泡沫量、低温透明度和稳定性。     

疏水缔合型聚丙烯酸类增稠剂对表面活性剂增稠性能的研究

通过溶液聚合法合成了疏水缔合型聚丙烯酸类增稠剂(HAAT),并考察了其对不同离子型表面活性剂和典型液洗配方的增稠性能。实验结果表明,HAAT水溶液在pH为7~8时,增稠效果最佳;HAAT对不同类型表面活性剂溶液增稠效果的大小顺序为APGCTABLAS甜菜碱,且可以有效地提高洗液配方的黏度。     

丙烯酸酯共聚物在温和表面活性剂体系配方中的研究

研究了丙烯酸酯共聚物在氨基酸和烷基糖苷表面活性剂及其复配体系中的性能表现,并对表面活性剂用量、pH值以及聚合物用量对体系黏度的影响进行了研究。结果表明,丙烯酸酯聚合物对氨基酸和烷基糖苷体系具有较好的配伍性,且与甲基葡糖二油酸酯具有协同增稠能力。     

星型水性聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂的合成及性能研究

利用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）与聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）反应制备预聚体,以丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷作为扩链剂,十六烷醇为封端剂,制备了星型结构的水性聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂（SHEUR）。采用FT-IR和GPC对SHEUR分子结构进行表征,利用NDJ-8S型粘度计和Gemini-HR Nano 型旋转流变仪,对SHEUR水溶液的黏度,SHEUR对乳液增稠后的黏度以及SHEUR水溶液的流变性进行分析,并与合成的线型结构水性聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂（LHEUR）进行对比,研究了不同结构的增稠剂分子对其增稠性能的影响。结果表明：SHEUR增稠效果比LHEUR好;向丙烯酸乳液中加入增稠剂的含量为1%时,SHEUR增稠后的黏度为61440 mPa· s,而LHEUR增稠后黏度仅为202 mPa·s;低剪切时,SHEUR黏度维持在较高水平,剪切速率大于100s-1时,SHEUR出现剪切变稀现象。对流变性和乳液增稠后粒径的研究,均证明了所合成的SHEUR具有良好的触变性。     

Influence of chemical crosslinking and hydrophobic association on thickening properties of polyacrylic acid

Polyacrylic acid thickener was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization. The effects of crosslinking monomer and hydrophobic comonomers with long alkyl groups on viscosity of the product in aqueous medium, electrolyte resistance and ratio of viscosities at two different shear rates were studied. The results showed that a low amount of either a crosslinking monomer or hydrophobic comonomer with a long alkyl group can raise the viscosity in aqueous medium evidently. Hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) seems more effective as a hydrophobic comonomer than dodecyl methacrylate (DM). Hydrophobically modified crosslinked thickener possesses better thickening properties than the nonassociative type crosslinked thickener. The effect of thickener concentration on viscosity and temporal behavior of aqueous viscosity were also investigated. Morphology of the particles of both types of thickeners was observed by scanning electron microscopy.     

Thickening of poly(vinyl alcohol) by borate

Viscosity and pH of aqueous borate–poly(vinyl alcohol) mixtures were determined under different conditions toward a clarification of the thickening mechanism. Boric acid has little effect on dilute poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), but sodium borate causes sharp viscosity increases which are temperature sensitive and apparently stem from labile exothermic crosslinking of PVOH by borate ions. The pH data indicate that the complexing of borate with simple polyols such as mannitol and glycerol is a different process from borate crosslinking of PVOH. The PVOH thickening and gelling effect probably arises from the replacement of labile waters of hydration on borate ion by OH groups of PVOH rather than from borospirane formation.     

无皂乳液聚合制备增稠剂及其性能研究

以聚乙烯醇为胶体保护剂、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,用过硫酸钾-亚硫酸钠引发丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸丁酯进行无皂乳液聚合,以制备高性能的涂料印花增稠剂,所得产品稳定性好、增稠效果优良。并研究了交联剂、引发剂、胶体保护剂的用量等聚合条件对增稠剂性能的影响。引发剂用量增加,增稠剂黏度下降,黏度指数上升。交联剂用量增加可使增稠剂的黏度出现极大值,但黏度保留率下降。采用PVA作为胶体保护剂,产品增稠能力强,稳定性好,耐电解质等综合性能均较好。     

阳离子型涂料印花用增稠剂的制备及其性能研究

采用反相乳液聚合的方法,以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过氧化氢异丙苯-亚硫酸氢钠为氧化-还原引发剂,对丙烯酰胺(AM)、阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵(MAPTAC)进行共聚反应,制备了一种增稠性能好,耐盐性能高,使用方便的阳离子型印花涂料用增稠剂.通过正交实验和极差分析确定了影响增稠性的显著性因素.通过单因素实验确定了最佳反应条件.结果表明:含增稠剂3%白浆的表观黏度可达47 Pa·s,0.05%的氯化钠水溶液巾的黏度保留率为32.9%,黏度指数为23.6%,使用时白浆达到最大黏度时间为1 min.     

卡波姆凝胶的优化研究方法

以卡波姆水凝胶为考察对象。采用多元线性回归正交设计实验方案 ,选择凝胶粘度与塑变值 (作为考核指标 ) ,选择卡波姆浓度、Na Cl浓度、p H值作为影响因素 ,优化筛选卡波姆水凝胶。分别得到粘度及塑变值优化方程 ,经过系数检验、方程检验、失拟检验证明以上两个方程不失拟 ,置信度均为 95 %。 3种因素中 ,p H在 4～ 8范围内对粘度和塑变值的影响最小 ,卡波姆及 Na Cl浓度的影响接近。     

Preparation and rheological properties of SEM-25 containing associative thickener latexes and their mechanisms of thickening

Hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble acrylic latexes were prepared using varying level of SEM-25, triphenylethyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ether methacrylate, a functional monomer bearing a long segment of ethylene oxide and a hydrophobic tetraphenyl group. Sharp increases in viscosity and light transmittance of the diluted associative thickener latexes were observed with ascendant pH starting from 7. And with further increase in the pH, viscosity of the thickener latexes rapidly fell down, while the light transmittance was kept relatively constant. It was revealed that a critical content of SEM-25 in the thickener copolymer, 5% in the present case, was required in order for the associative thickener to outperform the SEM-25 free counterpart. When used in thickening a latex of P(St–BA) (Poly(styrene–Butyl acrylate)) copolymer using a thickener copolymer with 12 wt% of SEM-25, addition of 0.34 wt% of the thickener polymer relative to P(St–BA) was necessary to have a higher viscosity than the same latex thickened using the thickener free of SEM-25. It seemed that incorporation of 0.275 mol% of SEM-25 was indispensable for the associative thickener to exceed the performance of conventional thickener.     

Polymeric and non-crosslinked acid self-thickening agent based on hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer during the acid rock reaction

Different from traditional crosslinked polymer diverting agents, a polymeric and non-crosslinked acid self-thickening agent (ZPAM) based on hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer of acrylamide (AM), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) and N,N′-dimethyl octadecyl allyl ammonium chloride (DOAC) was synthesized. The apparent viscosity variation of ZPAM acid solutions in acid rock reaction and rheological properties of ZPAM spent acid solutions were studied. Results showed that ZPAM acid solutions demonstrated good uninterruptedly thickening ability from low apparent viscosity to high apparent viscosity during the acid rock reaction. Meanwhile, ZPAM spent acid solutions showed good shear resistance, viscoelasticity and high temperature resistance. The thickening mechanism of ZPAM acid solutions during the acid rock reaction was explained by apparent viscosity change, rheological properties of simulative ZPAM acid solutions, and ZPAM aqueous solutions with different concentrations of CaCl₂. The results showed increasing calcium chloride concentration enhanced the hydrophobic association strength of the thickener solution, resulting in increasing solution viscosity, in other words, the self-thickening agent showed excellent salt resistance and acid resistance. In addition, the change of association strength of ZPAM acid solutions during the acid rock reaction was further confirmed via environmental scanning electron micrographs and UV spectrum. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47907.     

乳化剂对丙烯酸酯乳液增稠剂影响的研究

研究了非离子型乳化剂和阴离子型乳化剂两者配比及其用量对丙烯酸酯乳液稳定性和增稠性能的影响,并对这两种乳化剂对乳液的钙离子稳定性的影响做了详细的分析.实验结果表明:采用非离子型乳化剂较多的复合乳化剂配比有利于提高乳液的钙离子稳定性,复合乳化剂的配比和用量对乳液增稠剂的增稠能力和耐电解质能力有着明显的影响.     

角蛋白对膏霜黏度影响的研究

研究了角蛋白对聚丙烯酰胺/C13-14异链烷烃/月桂醇聚醚-7作为增稠剂的水分散体系黏度与屈服应力的影响,考察了以聚丙烯酰胺/C13-14异链烷烃/月桂醇聚醚-7作为增稠剂的O/W型膏霜体系中角蛋白对体系黏度的影响。结果表明,角蛋白添加到护肤产品中会使产品黏度和屈服应力大幅下降,但通过几种增稠剂的协同作用会减弱其在膏霜中的降黏作用。