低碳中锰无缝钢管组织转变规律研究

文章以低碳中锰钢为研究对象,利用FORMASTOR-F全自动相变仪,测定了试验钢连续冷却转变的CCT曲线.结果表明:冷却速度为0.1～0.5℃/s时,室温组织为先共析铁素体+珠光体;冷却速度为1～2℃/s时,出现粒状贝氏体,室温组织为铁素体+珠光体+粒状贝氏体;当冷速为5～10℃/s时,贝氏体逐渐向马氏体转变,马氏体不断增加,室温下为马氏体+贝氏体混合组织;当冷速大于10.0℃/s,室温下为马氏体组织.为热处理工艺的制定提供了参考依据.     

煤机用钢27SiMn的冷却转变

利用热模拟机和淬火膨胀仪进行了27SiMn钢的连续冷却和等温冷却实验,分析了热膨胀曲线,结合组织观察及硬度检测,得到其连续冷却和等温冷却时的组织转变规律,绘制出CCT曲线和TTT曲线。结果表明:冷速在0.5~2.0℃/s时,实验钢只发生铁素体和珠光体转变;发生贝氏体转变的冷速为5~20℃/s,且为无碳化物贝氏体;冷速10℃/s开始发生马氏体转变,生成全马氏体组织的临界冷速约为50℃/s。在710℃等温,实验钢只发生铁素体转变;500~660℃等温时铁素体和珠光体的转变同时发生;340℃等温发生马氏体转变;发生贝氏体转变的温度范围为390~450℃。     

北极海洋平台用Q355E热轧H型钢连续冷却转变规律

在实验室利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对3种Nb、V微合金化Q355E热轧H型钢进行了连续冷却转变规律测试,研究了冷却速度对试验钢组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:在冷速为0.5℃/s时,组织中开始出现贝氏体;冷速大于7℃/s时,珠光体转变即终止。在中等冷速下,Nb的加入促进了贝氏体的形成,抑制了铁素体与珠光体的形核;并且Nb的加入使铁素体转变区右移。Cr的加入降低了较高冷速下铁素体与珠光体相变点,并促进了高冷速下马氏体的形成。由于受V析出的影响,含V试验钢在冷速为1℃/s时其硬度曲线有一个"波谷"。3种试验钢的冷速在0.5~3℃/s之间时,试验钢可获得强韧性较好的细小准多边形铁素体、少量珠光体与贝氏体的复合组织。     

20CrH钢奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线的研究

通过测定20Cr H钢的CCT曲线,以及不同冷速下连续冷却转变产物的显微组织和对应的硬度值,研究冷却速度对组织及硬度的影响,为该钢热处理工艺的制定提供依据。结果表明:冷速为1000℃/h,转变产物为共析铁素体+珠光体;当冷速增加为250℃/min时,出现了贝氏体组织;而当冷速为20℃/s时,产物为贝氏体+马氏体组织;冷速为50℃/s时,转变产物为完全马氏体组织。     

Ti-Nb微合金化高速护栏钢连续冷却组织转变规律研究

利用热模拟试验机、OM、TEM等试验设备,研究了Ti-Nb微合金化高速护栏钢的连续冷却组织转变规律,建立了试验钢的CCT曲线。研究结果表明：当冷速为0.5℃/s时,试验钢中的奥氏体发生铁素体-珠光体相变;当冷速大于1℃/s时,开始发生贝氏体相变;当冷速为10～20℃/s时,既发生铁素体-贝氏体相变又发生马氏体相变;当冷速≥30℃/s时,发生贝氏体-马氏体的相变。随着冷速的增加,试验钢的硬度也随之增大。在不同冷速下钢中均存在（Ti, Nb）C析出物,且在钢中呈弥散分布,在低冷速条件下,钢中析出物的体积分数较大,尺寸较小,具有一定的析出强化效果。     

奥氏体状态对 Mn-Cr 齿轮钢连续冷却相变组织的影响

使用Cleeblel500热模拟试验机研究了成分(%)为：0.23C,0.74Mn,0.90Cr 齿轮钢奥氏体晶粒尺 寸和变形(真应变量0.4)对连续冷却相变组织的影响和连续转变冷却(CCT)曲线。实验结果表明,当齿轮钢 未变形时,获得完全多边形铁素体+珠光体混合组织的临界冷速为0.5~1℃/s,冷速较快时,中温相变产物 由贝氏体及针状铁素体组成;奥氏体变形时,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,获得完全多边形铁素体+珠光 体混合组织冷速增大,为1~2℃/s,中温相变产物没有出现贝氏体,只有针状铁素体。     

NM400马氏体耐磨钢静态CCT曲线

用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机测定的连续冷却膨胀曲线,得出NM400钢临界相变点Ac₁=719.4 ℃, Ac₃=847.8℃,结合金相法,利用Origin软件绘制了试验钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线。结果表明,随着冷却速度增大,钢的显微硬度逐渐增大,显微组织逐渐由铁素体和珠光体过渡为贝氏体和马氏体,铁素体量逐渐减少;冷速小于1℃/s珠光体含量逐渐增多,尺寸逐渐减小;冷速大于5 ℃/s,铁素体和珠光体逐渐消失,贝氏体相变量随冷速增加而减少,马氏体相变量逐渐增多。     

不同冷却速度对高强度结构钢组织的影响

利用MMS-200型热模拟试验机研究了不同冷却速度对高强度结构钢组织结构的影响,用热膨胀法建立了动态条件下的连续冷却转变曲线（CCT）,结果表明：冷却速度在1～2℃/s时,相变组织为多边形铁素体＋少量珠光体组织;随着冷却速度的升高,珠光体逐渐消失,相变组织为多边形铁素体＋少量粒状贝氏体;当冷速大于15℃/s时,相变组织主要为板条状贝氏体;大于25℃/s时,组织逐渐演变为板条马氏体。     

12Cr2Mo1R钢相变规律研究

采用热膨胀法并结合金相组织分析及硬度变化来测定12Cr2Mo1R钢变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变温度,研究了钢的相变规律,结果表明,12Cr2Mo1R钢未变形奥氏体连续冷却转变,冷却速度<0.27 ℃/s时,组织为贝氏体+铁素体+珠光体;在0.27～8.4 ℃/s之间时,组织为贝氏体;>8.4 ℃/s时,组织为马氏体+贝氏体。变形奥氏体连续冷却转变,冷却速度<5 ℃/s时,组织为铁素体+珠光体+贝氏体;在5～20 ℃/s之间时,主要为贝氏体组织;>20 ℃/s时,得到的组织为马氏体+贝氏体。形变加速了奥氏体连续相变,使连续冷却相变温度提高。钢中Cr、Mo等合金元素,提高了过冷奥氏体的稳定性,使连续转变过程中出现了亚稳奥氏体区,提高了贝氏体的淬透性。     

Nb-Ti微碳深冲双相钢的连续冷却转变规律

摘要：通过连续冷却实验研究了Nb Ti微碳深冲双相钢在不同冷却速率下的显微组织变化规律。并结合显微组织、热膨胀曲线以及实验钢的硬度值绘制出实验钢的CCT曲线。结果表明,实验钢的CCT曲线由铁素体、珠光体与贝氏体区组成,其中铁素体和贝氏体的区域较大,覆盖冷却速度范围较广。实验冷却速率下未出现马氏体组织。在05～1℃/s的慢冷速下,组织由铁素体和珠光体组成;当冷速增加至3℃/s时,贝氏体开始出现,珠光体消失。当冷速在5～10℃/s范围内时,获得铁素体+贝氏体双相组织;当冷速大于10℃/s时,铁素体相变消失,此时为纯贝氏体转变。热处理过程中若想获得一定量的马氏体组织,退火温度宜设置在820～900℃双相区较低温度范围,使合金元素充分富集于少量奥氏体中,在随后冷却过程中此奥氏体转变为马氏体组织。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.