分散聚合法制备聚去氢枞酸丙烯酸乙二醇酯微球

以去氢枞酸丙烯酸乙二醇酯(DAEA)为单体,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,异丙醇/水(IPA/H_2O)为分散介质,利用分散聚合法制备了聚去氢枞酸丙烯酸乙二醇酯(PDAEA)微球;利用红外光谱、扫描电镜对聚合物结构和微球的粒径及形貌进行了表征。同时考察了分散剂、引发剂和单体浓度,醇水比及反应温度等因素对其粒径及其分散系数的影响。实验结果表明,PDAEA微球的粒径在1~3μm,粒径分布窄;PDAEA微球的粒径随分散剂用量的增加而减小;随单体和引发剂用量、醇水比的增加而增大,并随反应体系温度的升高而增大。     

单分散大粒径P(GMA-St)微球的制备

以乙醇水溶液为反应介质,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用分散聚合法制备了粒径为4～9μm的单分散甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯/苯乙烯共聚物(P(GMA-St))微球。研究了分散聚合中单体配比及浓度、醇水比、分散剂及引发剂用量对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)对P(GMA-St)微球的表面形貌和化学结构进行了表征。     

两性引发剂VA-057引发分散聚合制备PSG微球的研究

以苯乙烯(St)为主单体,甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)为功能单体,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,乙醇和水的混合物为反应介质,选用两性偶氮二(N-2-羧乙基-2-甲基丙脒)水合物(VA-057)为该体系的引发剂,分散聚合制备了单分散的聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯)(PSG)高分子微球。考察了单体配比、引发剂及分散剂用量、醇水比等因素对高分子微球表面环氧基团浓度、粒径及单分散性的影响。研究表明,PSG微球粒径(6~9μm)和表面环氧基团浓度(2~4mmol/g)具有可控性。单体配比中GMA含量增加,PSG微球的表面环氧基团浓度和粒径均增大。乙醇/水介质中水含量增大或引发剂用量增多,粒径变大。分散剂用量增多,粒径变小。但引发剂浓度过高或单体St与GMA的质量比1时,会导致粒径分布变宽。     

分散聚合法聚丙烯酰胺微球调剖剂的研究

以过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,乙醇/去离子水为分散介质,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,将丙烯酰胺和苯乙烯磺酸钠进行分散聚合制备了聚丙烯酰胺微球调剖剂,考察了乙醇/去离子水体积比、丙烯酰胺用量、引发剂用量、分散剂用量、交联剂用量、苯乙烯磺酸钠含量和反应温度对聚丙烯酰胺微球调剖剂的粒径和凝胶强度的影响。结果表明所合成的聚合物微球调剖剂粒径可调,平均粒径为1.0～8.5μm,具有较好的分散性和凝胶强度。FTIR谱图初步证实丙烯酰胺微球聚合物的结构。     

溶剂型高分子分散剂的合成及在油墨中的应用

以甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(LMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A171)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,合成了甲基丙烯酸月桂酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷共聚物溶剂型分散剂。探讨了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应时间、有机硅单体用量对共聚物分散剂性能的影响。结果表明,单体配比m(LMA)∶m(MMA)∶m(A171)=2∶1∶0.4,引发剂(AIBN)用量为单体总量的1%,反应时间为6h时,所制得LMA-MMA-A171三元共聚物单体转化率最高,对颗粒的分散效果最佳。制备镨黄溶剂型分散体系的最佳分散条件:分散剂用量为20%,溶剂为200#溶剂油。该体系中,颜料颗粒的平均粒径为387.9nm。     

聚羧酸型梳状共聚物的合成和超分散性能研究

以聚氧乙烯甲基烯丙基二醚(APEO-n)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAn)、苯乙烯(St)等为共聚单体,采用不同引发剂,合成了一系列聚羧酸型梳状共聚物超分散剂,并以PEO-n单酯化得酯化产物,研究了共聚物的结构、组成、添加量等对水泥粒子分散性能的影响。结果表明：超分散剂的性能受端基效应、酯化作用、接枝链的长度和密度的影响,当接枝链长度为30时,分散性能良好。     

反相悬浮聚合法制备pH及温度双重敏感微凝胶

采用开环聚合的方法制备了Pluronic/寡聚己内酯嵌段共聚物,该共聚物通过酰氯化反应得到了端基结构为丙烯双键的大分子单体;最后以氧化还原引发剂、采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了聚(甲基丙烯酸-co-酰氯化大单体)共聚型微凝胶;考察了加速剂用量、搅拌速度、分散剂用量及油水两相比例等因素对成球性能及粒径的影响.研究结果表明:采用反相悬浮聚合法可以制备出球形良好的微凝胶,最适宜的条件为:加速剂用量为1.0μL/mL,分散剂用量7%(在分散相中的质量含量),搅拌速度500r/min,油水两相比例=10/1(W/W),研究表明所制备微凝胶具有良好的pH和温度双重敏感性.     

耐盐型吸水膨胀微球的合成及性能研究

采用反相悬浮聚合法,以聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)-亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)为引发剂合成了吸水膨胀微球聚(丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰胺)(P(AA-AM))。研究了分散剂对反应体系稳定性和产品形态的影响以及单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂及引发剂用量对微球吸水率的影响。最佳条件下制备的吸水膨胀微球在去离子水中的吸水率为880g/g,在0.9%NaCl溶液中的吸液率为82g/g。     

分散聚合法制备单分散聚（丙烯酰胺-co-衣康酸）微球及其吸水溶胀性

采用一次性加入法和延迟滴加法两种不同的分散聚合方法制备了一系列单分散聚（丙烯酰胺-OO-衣康酸）（P（AM-co-IA））微球，反应以亲水性单体丙烯酰胺（AM）和衣康酸（IA）为原料，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（Bis-A）为交联剂，偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP-K30）为分散剂，探讨了反应条件对微球粒径的影响及其吸水溶胀性能，结果表明，所得P（AM-CO-IA）微球的粒径随着IA比例的增加而增大，而随着分散剂、引发剂和交联剂用量的增加而减小；一次性加入法所得微球的吸水溶胀性能较差．而通过延迟滴加法制备得到的微球由于具有均匀的交联网络结构，因此溶胀性能较好，其最佳溶胀倍率为305．71％。     

腐殖酸丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成及性能研究

采用水溶液聚合方法,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,以腐植酸钾、丙烯酰胺为原料进行接枝共聚反应。考察了引发剂用量、单体配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对水煤浆表观粘度的影响。确定了最佳聚合工艺条件为反应温度75℃、反应时间2.5h、引发剂用量5%、丙烯酰胺与腐殖酸质量比为0.8∶1。当分散剂用量为水煤浆总质量的3%时,水煤浆的表观粘度为790mPa.s。通过对水煤浆的粘度、稳定性研究,以及水煤浆的表观粘度的测定,得知该分散剂具有腐植酸系分散剂的特点,即分散性能佳,又改变了腐植酸系分散剂容易沉淀、成浆性能差的特点。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.