车辆发动机悬架系统现状与进展

理想的发动机悬架系统应隔离发动机工作转速范围内由发动机干扰力所引起的发动机振动，并阻止由冲击而激起的发动机弹跳，这意味着发动机悬架的动态刚度和阻尼是与频率和振幅有关的，改善依赖于频率和振幅特性的动态刚度与阻尼是发动机悬架系统发展的关键所在。传统的弹性悬架不能满足所有的要求，它仅能在静偏转和隔振之间进行折衷，特别在低频域，被动的液压悬架能比弹性悬架提供更好的特性，通常半主动技术，由于其可调性而被用来进一步改善液压悬架的特性，为了隔振、低频时主动发动机悬架系统非常硬，而在高频域内被调整的非常软，主动的发动机悬架已被认为是发动机悬架的新一代，发动机悬架系统的优化是相当可取的，但发动机悬架的优化工作出现一些局限性，文中综述国内，外发动机悬架技术的现状与进展。     

键合图理论在发动机电流变液力悬置中的应用

针对发动机宽频振动的特性,设计开发了一种电流变液力悬置。对键合图理论和电流变液力悬置结构进行了介绍,结合悬置的力学模型,建立了电流变液力悬置的键合图模型,并对模型分析得到状态方程。利用Adams 软件进行仿真分析,比较得出电流变液力悬置比普通液力悬置的隔振性能的优越之处。     

Sliding mode control of a shear-mode type ER engine mount

This paper presents feedback control characteristics of a shear-mode type electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. The field-dependent yield stress of an arabic gum-based ER fluid is obtained using a couette type electroviscometer, and it is incorporated into the governing equation of motion of the ER engine mount, which is derived from a bond graph model. A sliding mode controller which directly represents the field-dependent damping force is formulated by taking into account the stiffness and damping properties of the systems as parameter uncertainties. The controller is then experimentally realized by imposing a semi-active actuating condition. The effectiveness of the proposed ER engine mount is demonstrated showing capabilities of isolating the vibrations due to sinusoidal and random excitations.     

Identifying the frequency dependent material property of a hydraulic engine mount through an iterative procedure using 3D finite element modeling

Achieving very restricted noise, vibration and harshness targets in modern vehicles, makes using the hydraulic engine mount crucial. Hydraulic engine mounts have both solid and fluid media in their structures that make their dynamic behavior complex to figure out. We present a three-dimensional model of HEM with using finite element method that encompasses elastomeric material’s nonlinearity and fluid-structure-interaction. Dynamic equivalent modulus of elasticity for elastomeric material is identified through iterative model updating procedure. To do model updating, the results (here, namely, natural frequencies and frequency response function graphs) are compared with real hydraulic engine mount behavior that derived from modal tests. The results showed that the dynamic characteristic of elastomeric material is frequency dependent and can be divided into two distinct regions: below 30 Hz (low frequency) and above 30 Hz (high frequency) with different trends.     

发动机半主动液力悬置动特性研究与开发

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立了力学模型和数学模型,进行了动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析了液力悬置的结构参数对其动态特性的影响.进行了液力悬置的台架试验,确定了惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律.由此设计开发了通道可调的惯性通道式液力悬置,从而在较宽频带内有效的达到了减振的目的.     

High frequency testing of rubber mounts

Rubber and fluid-filled rubber engine mounts are commonly used in automotive and aerospace applications to provide reduced cabin noise and vibration, and/or motion accommodations. In certain applications, the rubber mount may operate at frequencies as high as 5000 Hz. Therefore, dynamic stiffness of the mount needs to be known in this frequency range. Commercial high frequency test machines are practically nonexistent, and the best high frequency test machine on the market is only capable of frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. In this paper, a high frequency test machine is described that allows test engineers to study the high frequency performance of rubber mounts at frequencies up to 5000 Hz.     

基于ADAMS软件的发动机右悬置总成优化设计

运用MSC Adams/view建立汽车发动机悬置系统多体动力学模型,对发动机悬置系统进行匹配设计,以满足频率合理分布、模态振型解藕、限位等诸多设计要求.通过对发动机右悬置刚度的优化,改善了发动机悬置系统的隔振性能,降低了整车怠速振动,并进行了试验验证.     

空气弹簧液压悬置动特性及隔振特性研究

研究了具有可变刚度阻尼的发动机空气弹簧液压悬置的动特性和隔振特性。针对影响发动机空气弹簧液压悬置动特性的关键参数上液室等效体积刚度,采用理论和试验方法研究了上液室等效体积刚度的等效值,基于该等效值建立了空气弹簧液压悬置的理论模型,对空气腔开闭两种工况进行了空气弹簧液压悬置动特性的仿真和试验研究。搭建了发动机空气弹簧液压悬置系统试验台架,研究了台架各种激励频率下的空气弹簧液压悬置的隔振特性。结果表明:本研究采用的上液室等效体积刚度进行空气弹簧进行建模是正确、可行的,提高了空气弹簧建模效率和准确性;空气弹簧液压悬置在空气腔开启和关闭两种状态下,峰值动刚度增大幅值达78.5%,峰值阻尼角增大幅值达250%。台架试验表明:当台架激励频率小于25Hz时,悬置采用大刚度大阻尼;当台架激励频率大于等于25 Hz时,悬置采用小刚度小阻尼;悬置隔振率提升明显,不同频率下提升幅值达10%～67%。     

Magneto-rheological engine mount design and experimental characterization

Isolation mounts using magneto-rheological (MR) fluid have increasing potential for various applications. This paper introduces new design and manufacturing aspects of MR engine mounts. CAD software was used to design MR mounts and three different types of MR mount prototypes were considered. Later, magnetostatic analyses were performed to validate the designed configuration of the electromagnetic coil, which controlled the MR fluid flow. The MR mounts were manufactured and, then, tested statically and dynamically using a servo-hydraulic rate machine. Static tests were performed with amplitudes between 0–10 mm. Dynamic tests were performed under excitation frequencies in between 0–100 Hz with amplitudes of ±0.1 mm, ±0.5 mm, ±1.0 mm and ±2.0 mm as well as under excitation frequencies in between 0–20 Hz with amplitudes of ±3.0 mm, ±4.0 mm. Besides the MR mounts, hydro mount and elastomeric top were tested adopting the same procedure. The finding of different mount properties was explained and MR mount characteristics in frequency domain were demonstrated. In addition, the measured characteristics were compared with each other for hydraulic mount and elastomeric top.     

基于拓扑与形状优化的柴油机机体低振动设计

为实现机体的低振动优化设计,在试验验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,采用拓扑优化和形状优化方法,保证不同层次优化模型的承接性,以机体模态频率和整机振动烈度值作为优化设计目标,采用数值模拟方法对机体进行振动响应分析,为机体的优化设计识别出机体振动状况分布。以四缸柴油机机体的虚拟样机为设计对象,通过拓扑优化与形状优化得到设计变量最优解,并综合考虑相关因素确定全部布局和细节设计的最终优化方案。优化结构分析结果表明,优化后各阶模态频率均得到了提高,同时整机振动烈度值降低了34.8%,优化后的机体在满足结构刚度和强度条件下实现了机体振动烈度处于安全区域。研究表明所提出的拓扑优化和形状优化在设计效率和精度都有所提高,在机体的低振动设计中可行且有效。     

MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A PASSIVE HYDRAULIC ENGINE MOUNT WITH INERTIA AND DIRECT-DECOUPLER

To investigate the dynamic characteristics and damping theory of the passive hydraulic engine mount （PHEM）, numerical prediction is performed through lumped parameter model. System parameters, including volume compliance of the decoupler chamber, effective piston area, fluid inertia and resistance of inertia track and direct-decoupler, are identified by means of experiments and finite element method （FEM）. Dynamic behaviors are tested with elastomer test system for purpose of validating PHEM. With incorporation of inertia track and direct-decoupler, PHEM behaves effective and efficient vibration isolation in range of both low and high frequencies. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental observations shows that the present PHEM achieves fairly good performance for the engine vibration isolation.     

三轴标准振动台簧片解耦结构遗传算法多参数优化设计

针对三轴标准振动台簧片解耦结构低固有频率及非线性特性导致的工作频率范围受限及输出振动波形严重失真等问题,首先基于确定的解耦结构关键参数及简化组合,通过Ansys模态和瞬态动力学分析,得到相应参数变化时三轴标准振动台的固有频率和输出波形失真特性。进一步,采用多元非线性回归法建立准确表征固有频率、失真度与关键结构参数间非线性变化关系的回归方程,并基于NSGA-II遗传算法对簧片解耦结构进行多参数优化,求解得到前3阶固有频率、弯曲振型固有频率最大可分别提升123.95%、166.85%及失真度最大可降低36.83%的最佳簧片结构参数。最后,实验测试表明最优簧片解耦结构对应的三轴标准振动台在固有频率及输出波形失真度两方面性能均得到提升,验证了簧片解耦结构遗传算法多参数优化设计的有效性,为其他多维柔性结构优化设计提供了参考。     

Simulation Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Hydraulic Mount

At present,research on hydraulic mounts has mainly focused on the prediction of the dynamic stiffness and loss angle.Compared to the traditional finite element analysis method,the programming method can be used to analyze hydraulic mounts for a rapid and accurate understanding of the influence of the different mounting parameters on the dynamic stiffness and loss angle.The aims of this study were to investigate the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a hydraulic mount,and to identify the parameters that affect the dynamic stiffness and loss angle using MATLAB software programs to obtain the influence curves of the parameters,so as to use suitable parameters as the basis for vibration analysis.A nonlinear mechanical model of a hydraulic mount was established according to the basic principles of fluid dynamics.The dynamic stiffness and loss angle of the dimensionless expression were proposed.A numerical calculation method for the dynamic performance evaluation index of the hydraulic mount was derived.A one-to-one correspondence was established between the structural parameters and peak frequency of the evalua-tion index.The accuracy and applicability of the mechanical model were verified by the test results.The results dem-onstrated the accuracy of the nonlinear mechanical model of the hydraulic mount,and the vehicle driving comfort was greatly improved by the optimization of the structural parameters.     

汽车动力总成液压悬置的研究发展

动力总成液压悬置是非线性很强的隔振元件,其动特性随发动机的激励频率和振幅的改变而改变.重点介绍了液压悬置主要是被动液压悬置的基本结构,以及研究液压悬置的方法及近年国内外研究工作者的研究成果,并简要介绍了液压悬置设计的一些概念.     

多孔空气静压轴承动力学性能影响参数的优化设计

位移阻抗性能直接反映了空气静压轴承对外动载荷的抵抗能力,在考虑自激振动削弱的动力学性能设计中应对其进行优化提升。为提升轴承的动力学性能,削弱气锤振动,针对气膜-被支承件系统的位移阻抗进行研究。采用数值仿真方法,引入动网格技术计算位移阻抗,明确多孔空气静压止推轴承的结构、运行参数对位移阻抗的影响机制;基于径向基神经网络模型建立以轴承参数表示的位移阻抗近似分析模型,并采用PARETO分析对比讨论轴承参数对位移阻抗的影响;建立优化设计数学模型,以削弱气锤振动为目的,在气锤振动的频率范围内与给定负载条件下针对位移阻抗进行优化。分析结果表明：由于挤压膜效应,外激励频率对于位移阻抗具有最大影响,位移阻抗随激励频率的增大而急剧增大,因此轴承对于高频外载荷具有较强的抵抗能力,需要着重提升低频激励下的位移阻抗性能;小孔直径、气膜厚度与供气压力对位移阻抗的影响大于气腔尺寸与小孔位置的影响。研究结果与优化建模流程可为轴承的工程设计提供参考。     

发动机半主动控制液力悬置动特性仿真研究

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.笔者基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立力学模型和数学模型,进行动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析液力悬置的结构参数和液力参数对其动态特性的影响.进行液力悬置的台架试验,确定较可行的惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律,从而在较宽的频带内,达到良好的隔振效果.     

汽车动力总成液阻悬置液-固耦合非线性动力学仿真

液阻悬置是一种先进的隔振元件,广泛应用于汽车动力总成的隔振系统中。目前对液阻悬置动特性的仿真均采用集总参数模型,模型所需的物理参数主要由液阻悬置相应的元件进行试验得到。以惯性通道-解耦盘式液阻悬置为研究对象,建立了其性能分析的液-固耦合有限元模型;利用该模型对其静、动特性进行了仿真,并和试验值进行了对比。计算分析了液阻悬置的-些内部特征参数的变化规律,其结果与液阻悬置的工作机理或试验结果相符合。利用液-固耦合有限元模型对液阻悬置进行仿真时,只需橡胶材料的应力-应变关系、液体的性能参数和液阻悬置的几何参数。应用该法可以在液阻悬置的设计开发阶段较精确地预测产品的性能和进行优化设计,有利于提高产品设计质量、缩短开发周期。     

ZERO PHASE ERROR REAL TIME CONTROL FOR FLIGHT SIMULATOR SERVO SYSTEM

Flight simulator is an important device and a typical high performance position servo system used in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of flight control system. Without using the future desired output, zero phase error controller makes the overall system's frequency response exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a very small gain error at low frequency range can be achieved. A new algorithm to design the feedforward controller is presented, in order to reduce the phase error, the design of proposed feedforward controller uses a modified plant model, which is a closed loop transfer function, through which the system tracking precision performance can be improved greatly. Real-time control results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in flight simulator servo system.     

基于遗传算法的某车型悬置系统优化设计

悬置系统的设计对车辆NVH性能起着重要作用,影响着整车振动大小及噪声水平。以某车型动力总成悬置系统为载体,基于Virtual.Lab建立的系统分析模型,分别计算了悬置系统固有频率分布、模态解耦率及系统位移量,结果显示:悬置系统固有频率分布不合理,重要方向的解耦率小于80%,且位移量大于10mm,均不满足要求;应用遗传算法,对悬置系统进行优化分析,将系统变量设定为悬置橡胶刚度,固有频率及位移量所要求的范围设定为约束条件,目标为解耦率最大。通过优化悬置橡胶刚度参数,悬置系统的固有频率、位移量可以控制在要求的范围内,并且模态耦合的程度大大降低。     

考虑压力脉动的消防水炮自适应炮头射流系统参数振动研究

消防水炮自适应炮头可根据流体压力和流量变化自动调整炮口开度,从而显著提升其射流性能。考虑自适应炮头射流系统中流体的压力脉动,结合流体体积弹性模量与刚度间的关系,建立基于时变流体刚度的射流系统参数振动动力学模型,采用多尺度法推导脉动激励频率接近射流系统固有频率和固有频率与脉动频率的组合频率时的共振响应公式,分析射流系统的主共振和组合共振响应。结果表明射流系统发生主共振响应时,激励频率占主导成分,且接近一阶固有频率时系统共振幅值最大;射流系统发生组合共振响应时,激励频率与流体刚度波动频率的组合频率对系统响应的影响与流体脉动频率有关;主共振和组合共振将恶化系统的动力学行为。本项研究可为深入探索自适应炮头射流系统的动力学特性,优化不同工况环境下的设计参数提供理论依据。