1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面Al_2O_3阻氚涂层磁控溅射-微弧氧化法制备技术研究

采用磁控溅射技术在1Cr18Ni8Ti不锈钢表面制备出铝镀层,并对其进行微弧氧化处理,获得了氧化铝阻氚涂层。采用XRD,SEM表征涂层的结构和形貌。结果表明,磁控溅射制备的铝镀层非常致密,微弧氧化得到的氧化铝涂层由外层的疏松层和内层的致密层组成,微弧区瞬间高温烧结作用使微弧氧化膜具有晶态氧化物陶瓷相结构。氧化铝涂层由α-Al_2O_3相和γ-Al_2O_3相组成,冷却速率大,外层形成γ-Al_2O_3相,由于外层γ-Al_2O_3包覆和热扩散阻挡作用,内层的氧化铝冷却速度小,生成稳态相α-Al_2O_3的含量增加,随着涂层厚度增加,α-Al_2O_3相含量提高。     

四硼酸钠浓度对6061铝合金微弧氧化涂层结构及性能的影响

采用以四硼酸钠(Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O)为主的电解液对铝合金微弧氧化可提高膜层的硬度等,但未见系统研究四硼酸钠浓度对微弧氧化膜层结构和性能影响的报道。采用恒电压模式在四硼酸钠碱性溶液中对6061铝合金进行微弧氧化,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对氧化陶瓷层的组织结构进行分析,并考察了四硼酸钠浓度对氧化涂层显微组织、硬度、耐磨和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:制备的氧化层由疏松层和致密层组成,其中致密层占总膜厚度的75%以上,且与基体材料形成冶金结合;氧化膜层中出现了γ-Al_2O_3和α-Al_2O_3两相,其中γ-Al_2O_3相较多,γ-Al_2O_3和α-Al_2O_3两相的晶化程度不随着电解液里四硼酸钠浓度的变化而变化;氧化膜层具有高的显微硬度和低的表面粗糙度,二者不随电解液四硼酸钠浓度的变化而变化;微弧氧化后6061铝合金耐磨性和耐蚀性提高。     

6061铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的生长动力学及性能分析

研究了6061铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的生长规律,分析不同膜厚度下膜层截面组织、成分和相组成,并测量了氧化膜显微硬度分布和电化学腐蚀特性.氧化膜生长分为3个阶段,随着氧化时间的延长,膜层由向外生长逐渐过渡到向内生长,其表面粗糙度线形增加.氧化膜由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和SiO2非晶相构成,SiO2相主要分布在外部疏松层里.显微硬度极大值随膜厚增加而增大,硬度值同α-Al2O3的相对含量密切相关.6061铝合金经过微弧氧化处理后抗腐蚀能力得到很大提高.     

SiCP/ 2024 铝基复合材料表面微弧氧化膜组织结构及其耐蚀性

对SiC_P/ 2024 铝基复合材料进行微弧氧化表面处理, 分析了陶瓷膜截面的显微组织、成分分布, 测量了其相组成和硬度分布, 并比较了氧化前后极化曲线的变化。结果表明, 在硅酸盐溶液中获得的陶瓷膜由莫来石、α-Al₂O₃ 、γ-Al₂O₃ 晶态相和SiO₂ 非晶相组成, 残留的SiC 增强体很少, 膜与复合材料呈现良好的冶金结合。膜具有两层结构, 外层Si 含量较高并主要来自电解液, 而内层膜里莫来石的形成同SiC 增强体氧化密切相关。微弧氧化处理后, SiC_P / 2024 铝基复合材料的抗腐蚀能力得到很大提高, 这归因于形成了一层完整连续的氧化膜。      

纳米TiO2微粒对2214铝合金微弧氧化膜微观结构及耐磨性能的影响

在含有不同浓度纳米TiO_2微粒的硅酸盐体系电解液中对2214铝合金进行微弧氧化处理,以在2214铝合金表面制备包含TiO_2的复合陶瓷膜。分别使用SEM、EDS、激光共聚焦显微镜、XRD、维氏硬度计、划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机对复合陶瓷膜的微观结构、表面粗糙度、相成分、硬度、粘结强度、耐磨性能进行分析。结果表明:复合陶瓷膜主要由γ-Al_2O_3、α-Al_2O_3、莫来石、锐钛矿型TiO_2和金红石型TiO_2组成,且随着电解液中TiO_2微粒浓度的增加,复合陶瓷膜表面的微孔数量显著减少,微孔尺寸显著减小。与不含TiO_2成分的微弧氧化陶瓷膜相比,复合陶瓷膜通过更低的摩擦系数和更小的磨损率展示了更好的耐磨性能。     

铝合金表面蓝色微弧氧化陶瓷膜的制备及性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在5052铝合金表面制备蓝色陶瓷膜,研究Co(OH)_2着色剂浓度和微弧氧化电压对蓝色陶瓷膜组织结构和腐蚀性能的影响规律。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射研究蓝色陶瓷膜层的宏观形貌、微观组织和相结构,采用电化学工作站测试陶瓷层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能。研究结果表明,蓝色微弧氧化陶瓷层主要由γ-Al_2O_3组成,提高Co(OH)_2浓度或者氧化电压,膜层颜色由浅向深演变,当浓度增至3.0g/L后膜层蓝色不再加深,同时膜层表面逐渐封闭,致密性提高。在140V氧化电压下,添加1.0g/L Co(OH)_2所制备的蓝色膜层具有最好的耐腐蚀性能。蓝色膜具有颜色艳丽、装饰性好等优势,相信该蓝色微弧氧化膜技术在建筑材料和仪器仪表行业将会有广阔的应用前景。     

Na2SiO3-Na2WO4电解液体系中丙三醇对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg微弧氧化膜形成的影响

电解液组成是影响微弧氧化陶瓷膜形成重要的因素。在Na2SiO3-Na2WO4复合电解液体系下，对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化陶瓷膜的形成进行研究，通过改变丙三醇的含量，研究了其对微弧氧化的临界起弧电压、稳定氧化时间和陶瓷膜层厚度的影响。并测定了陶瓷膜的相组成。结果表明：丙三醇含量从0ml／L到10ml／L变化时，临界起弧正向电压由360V逐渐升高至408V；膜层厚度从63μm逐渐增加到156μm；稳定氧化时间由16min延长到26min；XRD分析表明：陶瓷膜层中主要由莫来石、SiO2和α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成。     

A356铝合金扫描式微弧氧化涂层的成膜过程及耐腐蚀性能

采用扫描式微弧氧化(SMAO)技术在A356铝合金表面制备了陶瓷涂层。测定了反应过程中涂层的电压-时间、动力学生长曲线,研究了涂层的显微组织、成分分布,分析涂层的相组成及显微硬度分布,并比较了氧化前后极化曲线的变化。结果表明,在硅酸盐溶液中获得的涂层主要由α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3和莫来石组成,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。与A356传统式微弧氧化(CMAO)涂层相比,SMAO涂层中α-Al_2O_3含量略多、孔隙率更低,显微硬度更高。此外,两种氧化处理之后,铝合金的耐腐蚀能力均得到显著提高。     

SiCP/AZ31镁基复合材料微弧氧化膜结构与性能分析

采用微弧氧化表面处理技术在SiC颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料表面制备保护性陶瓷膜.分析了陶瓷膜的表面形貌、截面组织和相组成,并测量了膜层的硬度、热震和电化学腐蚀特性.结果表明,陶瓷膜由MgO、Mg₂SiO₄和少量同电解液组成元素相关的相所组成,膜内还残留少量SiC_P增强体.膜层的最高硬度可达到HV800,比复合材料基体提高五倍以上.经过100次热循环(500℃→水淬)后膜层与复合材料结合良好,显示该膜层有较好的抗热震性能.微弧氧化处理后,SiC_P/AZ31镁基复合材料的抗腐蚀能力得到较大提高.     

SiCP/AZ31镁基复合材料微弧氧化膜结构与性能分析

采用微弧氧化表面处理技术在SiC颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料表面制备保护性陶瓷膜.分析了陶瓷膜的表面形貌、截面组织和相组成,并测量了膜层的硬度、热震和电化学腐蚀特性.结果表明,陶瓷膜由MgO、Mg₂SiO₄和少量同电解液组成元素相关的相所组成,膜内还残留少量SiC_P增强体.膜层的最高硬度可达到HV800,比复合材料基体提高五倍以上.经过100次热循环(500℃→水淬)后膜层与复合材料结合良好,显示该膜层有较好的抗热震性能.微弧氧化处理后,SiC_P/AZ31镁基复合材料的抗腐蚀能力得到较大提高.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.