电沉积方式对镍–铬–钼合金镀层性能的影响

分别采用直流(DC)、单脉冲(PC)和换向脉冲(PRC)方式在Q235钢表面制备Ni–Cr–Mo合金镀层。镀液组成为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 131.4 g/L,CrCl_3·6H_2O 13.3 g/L,Na_2MoO_4·2H_2O 12.1 g/L,柠檬酸铵145.9 g/L,尿素60 g/L,抗坏血酸8.8 g/L,H_3BO_3 14 g/L,NH_4Br 10 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1 g/L。对比了采用不同方式电沉积所得Ni–Cr–Mo合金镀层的外观、表面形貌、元素组成、沉积速率、表面粗糙度和耐蚀性。3种方式电沉积所得合金镀层的外观均良好。单脉冲和换向脉冲电沉积合金镀层的组成相近,直流电沉积合金镀层的镍、钼含量比它们高,但铬含量较低。换向脉冲电沉积合金镀层的微观表面最均匀、致密,粗糙度最低(0.587μm),耐蚀性最好。     

硫酸铜对复合化学镀镍–磷–纳米二氧化钛的影响

以镀液稳定性、纳米TiO_2在镀液中的分散性、沉积速率以及复合镀层的磷含量、TiO_2颗粒含量和显微硬度为评价指标,研究了镀液中硫酸铜添加量对Ni-P-纳米TiO_2复合化学镀的影响。镀液配方和工艺为:NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 32 g/L,NiSO_4·6H_2O 26 g/L,一水合柠檬酸20 g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 15 g/L,表面活性剂20~40 mg/L,纳米TiO_2 1~2 g/L,CuSO_4·5H_2O 2~12 mg/L,温度(88±1)℃,pH=4.8±0.2,时间1 h。结果表明,镀液中添加适量硫酸铜后,沉积速率加快,复合镀液的稳定性和纳米TiO_2在其中的分散性改善。所得Ni-P-纳米TiO_2复合镀层的耐蚀性得到改善,显微硬度提高,孔隙率降低。硫酸铜的较优添加量为4mg/L。     

电刷镀制备镍/钴多层膜的工艺优化

采用单液法电刷镀制备200μm厚的Ni/Co多层膜镀层。镀液配方和工艺为:NiSO_4·7H_2O 250 g/L,CoSO_4·7H_2O 17~50 g/L,H_3BO_3 35 g/L,NaCl 20 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠0.1~0.5 g/L,pH 2.0~5.0,温度40~60℃。通过单因素试验确定镀液的CoSO_4·7H_2O与NiSO_4·7H_2O的质量浓度比为1∶10,镍、钴单层的沉积电压分别为9.0 V和3.5 V。通过对比不同厚度单层膜的Ni/Co多层膜镀层的表面形貌、元素组成、表面粗糙度、显微硬度和耐磨性能,分析单层膜厚度变化对Ni/Co多层膜镀层性能的影响,最终确定较优单层膜厚度为4μm。所得Ni/Co多层膜镀层的显微硬度为496.8 HV,摩擦因数为0.42,耐磨性最好。     

铁-钨-磷合金电沉积工艺及其性能研究

在含FeSO4·7H2O、Na2WO4·2H2O、NaH2PO2·H2O、Na3C6H5O7·2H2O、C6H8O7·H2O、NH3·H2O和苯亚磺酸钠的碱性镀液中,电沉积得到Fe–W–P三元合金,分析了不同镀液成分时所得镀层的化学组成,讨论了温度、pH、电流密度及NH3·H2O用量对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度的影响。结果表明:除NaH2PO2·H2O外,镀液中其他组分对镀层组成均有显著影响;工艺参数的改变对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度有一定影响,NH3·H2O体积分数对沉积速率的影响尤其显著。电沉积所得Fe–W–P合金镀层具有典型的非晶态结构,其耐蚀性略优于00Cr17Ni14Mo2不锈钢。     

pH对化学复合镀镍–磷–聚四氟乙烯性能的影响

考察了pH对45钢上化学复合镀Ni–P–聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)沉积速率和镀层孔隙率、磷含量、表面形貌、耐蚀性、显微硬度和摩擦因数的影响。镀液组成和工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 25 g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 30 g/L,无水乙酸钠20 g/L,柠檬酸20 g/L,硫脲2 mg/L,氟碳型表面活性剂18 mg/L,PTFE 1.0 g/L,温度85℃,时间1 h。pH为5.0时,沉积速率为15.93μm/h,所得为高磷(质量分数8.34%)复合镀层,其显微硬度为163.3 HV,摩擦因数0.25,能耐中性盐雾腐蚀24.5 h。     

氮化铝陶瓷表面化学镀铜溶液组成的优化

采用正交试验方法研究了镀液组成对氮化铝(AIN)陶瓷表面化学镀铜镀速和表面粗糙度的影响.经过直观分析和方差分析,评价了各组分对化学镀影响的显著程度,优化了镀液组成.试验结果表明,CuSO_4·5H_2O和Na_2EDTA对镀速有显著影响;KNaC_4H_4O_6、CuSO_4·5H_2O和Na2EDTA对镀后表面粗糙度有显著影响;AIN陶瓷表面化学镀铜液的最优工艺参数为:CuSO_4·5H_2O 24 g/L,Na_2EDTA 30 g/L,KNaC_4H_4O_6 20 g/L和HCHO 15 mol/L.在最优工艺条件下,镀速为7.350 μm/h,镀后表面粗糙度为1.03 μm,所得镀层表面平整,铜晶粒大小均匀.     

稳定剂对中温化学镀镍–磷合金的影响

以镀液稳定性、沉积速率、镀层磷含量和光泽度为评价指标,研究了硫酸铜、硫酸高铈和硫脲各自作为稳定剂时对45钢上中温化学镀镍的影响。镀液的基础配方和工艺条件为:NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 28 g/L,Ni SO4·6H_2O 26 g/L,C_6H_8O_7·H_2O 12 g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 15 g/L,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)10 mg/L,丁二酸3 g/L,pH 5.2±0.2,温度(75±2)°C,时间1 h。采用硫酸铜作为稳定剂时,镀层的光泽度最好,但沉积速率较慢;采用硫脲作为稳定剂时,镀液稳定性最好,沉积速率最快,但镀层光泽度较低;采用硫酸高铈作为稳定剂时,化学镀镍的效果不佳。将6 mg/L CuSO_4·5H_2O与2 mg/L硫脲复配时,镀液稳定性最好,沉积速率为15.72μm/h,可获得光泽度为171.3 Gs、表面平滑、结晶细致的中磷化学镀镍层。     

丁二酸对化学镀Ni-P-纳米TiO_2复合镀层性能的影响

研究了丁二酸对化学镀Ni-P纳米TiO_2复合镀层性能的影响。镀液组成及工艺条件为:NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 32g/L,NiSO_4·6H_2O 26g/L,一水合柠檬酸20g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 15g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠40 mg/L,纳米TiO_2微粒0.6~1.5g/L,丁二酸4~24 mg/L,温度(88±1)°C,pH值4.8±0.2,时间1h。加入适量的丁二酸,能够提高镀液的稳定性,加快沉积速率,提高镀层中磷的质量分数、显微硬度及耐蚀性。丁二酸的最佳质量浓度为2g/L。     

脉冲电沉积铜-锡-镍-聚四氟乙烯复合镀层的组织结构和摩擦学性能

采用脉冲电沉积法在碳素工具钢表面制备Cu-Sn-Ni-PTFE复合镀层。镀液配方和工艺为:K_4P_2O_7·3H_2O 266.5 g/L,Cu_2P_2O_7·4H2O 20 g/L,NiSO_4·4H_2O 0.06~0.14 mol/L,KNaC_4H_4O_6·4H_2O 31.6 g/L,Na_2SnO_3·3H_2O 40 g/L,KNO_3 40 g/L,Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O 20 g/L,PTFE 10 g/L,pH 9.5~10.0,温度35~40℃,电流密度2.5 A/dm~2,脉冲频率3 000 Hz,占空比60%,转速100 r/min,时间1 h。研究了镀液中Ni~(2+)浓度对复合镀层表面形貌、组成、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,镀液中Ni~(2+)浓度为0.1 mol/L时,Cu-Sn-Ni-PTFE镀层表面均匀、致密,显微硬度高达391 HV,耐磨性最好。     

羧基配位剂对电镀镍–磷合金的影响

以羧基类物质作配位剂,在A3钢板表面电沉积制备Ni–P合金镀层。镀液基础组成和工艺参数为:NiSO4·6H2O 240 g/L,NiCl2·6H2O 45 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 50 g/L,H3BO3 35 g/L,NaF30 g/L,pH 2.0,温度70°C,电流密度2.5 A/dm2,时间20 min。研究了镀液中羧基配位剂含量对Ni–P镀层沉积速率和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随羧基配位剂含量增大,沉积速率减小,镀层耐蚀性先改善后变差。其适宜含量为20~30 g/L。羧基配位剂含量为25 g/L时,镀层外观光亮、结合力良好,耐蚀性和耐磨性优于未加配位剂的镀层。镀层的P含量为18.11%,属于高磷非晶态Ni–P镀层。羧基配位剂具有细化镀层晶粒的作用,使镀层表面更为平整、致密。     

含硫稳定剂对纳米Ni-P-TiO_2复合镀层形貌与性能的影响

以镀液稳定性、沉积速率、镀层孔隙率、显微硬度和耐蚀性为评价指标,研究了硫代硫酸钠、2-巯基苯并噻唑以及DL-半胱氨酸三种稳定剂对Ni-P纳米TiO_2复合化学镀的影响,研究所采用的基础镀液配方及工艺条件为:26 g/L六水合硫酸镍,32 g/L次亚磷酸钠,15 g/L乙酸钠,20 g/L一水合柠檬酸,10~30 mg/L表面活性剂,1~2 g/L纳米TiO_2,θ为(88±1)℃,pH为4.8±0.2,反应t为1 h。结果表明,硫代硫酸钠对镀层耐蚀性、显微硬度和镀液稳定性的效果都较差,不适合作为本体系的稳定剂;DL-半胱氨酸作为稳定剂时虽然对镀层显微硬度和沉积速率比2-巯基苯并噻唑稍好,但镀液稳定性和镀层耐蚀性不佳。实验表明2-巯基苯并噻唑更适合作为本体系稳定剂,且作为稳定剂时的最佳用量为6.0 mg/L,在该用量下,镀层的沉积速率可达144.6 g/(m^2·h),镀层孔隙率为1.5个/cm^2,显微硬度可达682.5 HV。     

稀土铈对化学镀Ni-Co-P合金性能的影响

在正交试验法确定化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀液配方的基础上,向镀液中加入硫酸铈,在AZ91D镁合金基材上得到了性能最佳的Ni-Co-P-Ce合金镀层。最佳的镀液配方及工艺条件为:碘化钾0.06g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.02g/L,硫酸镍25.0g/L,硫酸钴15.0g/L,次磷酸钠25.0g/L,氟化铵30.0g/L,柠檬酸三钠45.0g/L,硫酸铈0.15g/L,pH值8.5,温度85.0℃,时间1.5h。加入适量的稀土铈能明显提高镀层的耐蚀性和硬度。在最佳配方及工艺条件下,得到孔隙率低、耐蚀性较好的镀层,并且镀层与基体结合较好。     

Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的研究

以AZ31B镁合金为基材,在碱性环境下化学镀Ni-P-SiC。通过正交试验得到最佳的配方及工艺条件为:氟化铵60.0g/L,柠檬酸三钠75.0g/L,碘化钾0.06g/L,SiC 6.0g/L,硫酸镍24.0g/L,次磷酸钠18.0g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.06g/L,pH值8.5,85℃,1h。在此工艺条件下,得到结合力强、表面平整、组织致密、具有较强耐蚀性和耐磨性的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。     

Role of rare-earth Y addition on formation and anticorrosion properties of MAO coating on 2024 aviation aluminum alloy

Different ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of 2024 aviation aluminum alloy using micro-arc oxidation process in silicate based electrolyte combined with the rare earth based compound Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O. The thickness, hardness of the coating and conductivity of electrolyte were tested using relative devices, morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope, respectively. The phase composition of the coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by an electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the addition of Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O could improve the thickness and hardness of the coating. The morphological observation of the coating showed that Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O was successfully incorporated into the ceramic layer and that the coating had the smallest porosity at 1.5 g/L Y(NO₃)₃. The phase composition of the coating was mainly γ-Al₂O₃, α-Al₂O₃, SiO₂, Y₂O₃, and AlPO₄. The corrosion resistance of coating in simulated seawater with the addition of Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O was significantly improved, and the values of |Z|_0.01 Hz and corrosion rate of the coating reached the maximum and minimum at 1.5 g/L Y(NO₃)₃, which were 5.63 × 10⁵ Ω cm² and 7.444 × 10⁻⁴ mm/a, respectively.     

Surface modification of ceramic coating for enhanced hydrophobicity and wear properties

In this paper, a micro–nano structural ceramic coating with good hydrophobicity and wear resistance was successfully prepared by sol–gel method, which is assisted by pore-forming agent and nanoparticles 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane modified. The surface morphology, hardness, roughness, wettability, and tribological properties of three different surface coatings were characterized. With the complication of the surface structure, the roughness of the coating increases from 1.30 to 2.05 μm. Under the combined effect of roughness and long hydrophobic chains, the contact angles of the coatings before and after modification under saline conditions increased from 56.31 to 140.59° (pH4); from 55.58 to 134.40° (pH7); from 53.80 to 132.26° (pH10). Through the comparison of wear rate and wear morphology, it is found that the micro–nano structure coating has the lowest wear rate (0.705 × 10^–6 mm³·N^–1·s^–1) and the smallest plastic deformation. This means that in addition to the good hydrophobicity and chemical stability, the micro–nano structure on the surface also improves the wear resistance of the coating.     

高磷化学镀镍光亮剂的研究

研究了无机、有机、复合光亮剂对高磷化学镀镍镀层外观、表面微观形貌、沉积速度、磷含量、孔隙率及耐蚀性的影响。试验证明:添加无机光亮剂时,镀层光亮,但存在微孔结构,导致孔隙率升高,耐蚀性大幅下降;添加有机光亮剂时,镀层光亮性略有下降,但镀层均匀性好,缺陷少;而复合光亮剂则可以实现较理想的效果,其镀层外观光亮,表面平整细致,沉积速度快,整体性能优良,复合光亮剂组成为:2mg/L Ce(SO4)2、3 mg/LTe(SO4)2、30 mg/L C6H5SO2Na、2 mg/L N,N-二乙基丙炔胺(DEP)。     

铝合金化学镀Ni-Fe-P-B工艺研究

研究了以铝合金为基体，化学镀Ni-Fe-P-B合金工艺及镀速，镀层组成和耐蚀性，通过控制NaH2PO2,KBH4，丁二酸的浓度，金属盐的比率（NH4）2Fe(SO4)2/[(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 NiSO4]及pH值得到理想的镀层，在NaH2PO230g/L,KBH41.0g/L，金属盐的比率0.4，丁二酸8g/L,pH值9.0-10时，镀速最高，镀层主要为非晶态结构，且与基体结合力优良；耐蚀性良好，在100%NaOH溶液中的耐蚀性能优于在1mol/LHCl和3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能；该镀层合金中铁，磷和硼的质量分数分别为27.14%，2.57%和6.07%。     

Q235钢上中温化学镀镍磷合金工艺

采用正交试验考察了镀液中配位剂柠檬酸钠和乳酸钠含量及pH对Q235碳钢上中温化学镀层沉积速率的影响,研究了稳定剂苯并三氮唑、硫代硫酸钠及其复配对镀液稳定性和沉积速率的影响.得到较理想的工艺配方及操作条件为:NiS046H2O30 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 30 g/L,乳酸50 g/L,柠檬酸钠2 g/L,CH3...     

镁合金化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层的研究

在AZ31B镁合金表面化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层。通过正交试验研究了制备Ni-Co-P合金镀层的镀液配方及工艺条件。得出最佳镀液配方及工艺条件为:硫酸镍25g/L,硫酸钴25g/L,次磷酸钠22g/L,柠檬酸三钠70g/L,氟化铵40g/L,碘化钾0.001g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.05g/L,pH值8.0,温度80℃,时间2h。采用最佳的镀液配方及工艺条件,沉积速率较快,制备的Ni-Co-P合金镀层表面形貌较好,与基材结合较牢,耐蚀性较好。     

低温陈化法制备SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3固体超强酸催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯

采用ZrOCl2.8H2O和Al(NO3)3.9H2O共沉淀法制备固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂。固体超强酸SO24-/ZrO2-Al2O3制备条件为nZr∶nAl=3∶1,-15℃陈化24 h,120℃干燥12 h,浸渍液硫酸浓度为0.5 mol/L,浸渍4 h,120℃干燥1 h,650℃焙烧4 h。将此固体超强酸酯用于氯乙酸和异辛醇合成氯乙酸异辛酯的酯化反应,考察了异辛醇和氯乙酸的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂环己烷的用量对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,醇酸比为1.1∶1,催化剂用量为所用氯乙酸质量的1.7%,环己烷为异辛醇体积的46%,反应时间1.5 h条件下酯化率达94.3%。