有机高分子对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物力学性能的影响

以高岭土及矿渣为原料,硅酸钠为激发剂,制备高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物,分别采用聚羧酸、聚丙烯酸乳液两种有机高分子对其进行强化韧化.力学性能结果表明:掺入0.5wt％的聚羧酸或聚丙烯酸乳液都能对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物起到强化增韧作用.XRD和SEM分析结果表明:高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物主要以结构致密的无定形物质的形式存在,有机增韧剂的掺入对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物的矿物相组成没有影响.     

地质聚合物凝结硬化及其调节技术的研究进展

地质聚合物(Geopolymer)是一类由活性铝硅酸盐矿物在碱激发作用下形成的非传统胶凝材料,具有高强、耐久、绿色环保等特点.但地质聚合物原材料和碱性激发剂的多样性使其水化机理异常复杂,凝结硬化性质不确定性增加,且受环境温度变化影响大.因原材料及制备工艺不同,地质聚合物凝结硬化特性可能走向两个极端:(1)凝结硬化过快,难以施工;(2)长时间不凝结硬化,早期强度发展慢.通过合理有效的方法将其凝结时间调控至适合范围,是实际工程应用中亟需解决的关键问题.本文分别阐述了高钙、低钙和无钙体系下地质聚合物的凝结硬化机理,详细分析了铝硅酸盐原料细度、活性及CaO含量,激发剂的类型、掺量以及环境温度等因素对地质聚合物凝结时间的影响,概括总结了调节地质聚合物凝结时间的技术方法,并分析了其作用机理,以期为地质聚合物的应用研究提供技术支持.     

硅微粉对高炉渣矿物聚合材料性能的影响

以高炉渣为主要原料,煅烧高岭土为主要配料制备矿物聚合材料,28d抗压强度为43MPa,抗折强度为6MPa。在固体粉料中添加硅微粉,考察其对聚合材料性能的影响,实验结果表明,添加硅微粉后,材料气孔率降低,28d抗压强度提高了约30%,达57MPa,抗折强度提高了约50%,为9.5MPa,同时材料的流动性和抗淡水侵蚀能力显著增强。XRD及SEM分析表明,加入硅微粉后,聚合反应完全,产物非结晶态趋势增强,三维架构中形成更多四面体结构,材料裂纹相对减少,且断口参差不齐,材料韧性得到了提高。     

土聚水泥的聚合反应与研究现状

分析了土聚水泥的化学成分以及矿物组成;讨论了其水化产物的形态以及结构特点;概述了土聚水泥具备的性能特点;介绍了土壤聚合反应的机理,指出土聚反应产生的过程是介稳状态的偏高岭土等无定型硅铝化合物在碱性激活剂及促硬剂的作用下经历一个由解聚到再聚合的过程,从而形成类似地壳中一些天然矿物的铝硅酸盐网络状结构;将土壤聚合反应的过程分为5个部分.     

镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的制备与表征

以工业固体废弃物镍渣和偏高岭土为原料,以水玻璃为激发剂,在相同稠度下制备镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物。研究了镍渣种类和掺量对地聚合物力学性能和体积变化的影响,测定了地聚合物的碱溶出情况,并利用XRD、SEM-EDS对地聚合物的矿物组成和微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:随着水淬镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的抗压强度先增大后降低,在镍渣掺量为50%、液固比为0.45时,地聚合物的抗压强度最大,28d达到58.8 MPa;而随着风冷镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的强度逐渐降低。此外,水淬镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的体积变化主要表现为膨胀,而风冷镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物表现为收缩。     

地聚合物胶凝材料的性能研究

在以往对地聚合物胶凝材料的研究中,碱性激发剂的制备都需要经过24h或者更长时间的陈化,这不利于地聚合物的实际应用.以偏高岭土和粉煤灰为硅铝酸盐材料,采用不经过陈化的双组分作碱性激发剂制备地聚合物胶凝材料.研究了激发剂的掺加方式、种类、含量以及粉煤灰对地聚合物胶凝材料力学性能的影响;初步研究了地聚合物的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能以及耐高温性能.结果表明:不经过陈化的双组分作碱性激发剂制备的地聚合物3天抗压强度可以达到45MPa,抗硫酸盐侵蚀及耐高温性能比普通硅酸盐水泥更为优异,是一种值得关注的新型胶凝材料.     

高岩温隧道下矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能的影响

通过模拟高岩温隧道条件,研究了高岩温隧道条件下矿物掺合料对混凝土强度的影响。结果表明:高岩温条件下可以提高混凝土的早期强度,但后期强度却有较大幅度的下降,当温度低于50℃时,矿渣粉煤灰复合混凝土的强度更高;当温度超过60℃时,粉煤灰混凝土的强度更高。XRD及SEM分析表明:高岩温条件下胶凝材料水化速度加快,生成的水化产物来不及均匀扩散,相互搭接变差,当温度低于50℃时,水分蒸发较慢,水分充足,矿渣的活性容易被激发,水化产物结构致密;当温度超过60℃时,由于水分蒸发较快,矿渣的活性难以被激发,水化产物结构变疏松。     

磷酸盐化学结合陶瓷材料的材料配合比及其机理研究

在室温条件下利用磷酸盐溶液、偏高岭土和镁砂作为主要原材料制备出了磷酸盐化学结合陶瓷材料(CBPC),研究了P/Al摩尔比以及MgO的用量对硬化CBPC材料强度发展的影响。结果表明当磷酸盐溶液中P/Al摩尔比为3、磷酸盐溶液与偏高岭土的质量比为1.5时,抗压强度最高。利用DTA-TG、XRD、FT-IR以及SEM等表征手段对硬化的产物进行了微观形貌和结构分析表征。CBPC的形成机理主要是聚合反应,该聚合反应主要发生在铝氧层,偏高岭土的中Al-O层与磷酸盐的中P—O进行了键合,并通过部分层内羟基形成氢键,从而形成三维网状立体结构。镁砂与磷酸盐反应生成MgHPO_4·3H_2O,有利于CPBC微观结构的形成,提高了CBPC的固化强度。     

机械力活化粉煤灰制备地聚合物的性能及机理研究

利用机械力球磨激发粉煤灰火山灰活性,研究了机械力活化前后粉煤灰基地聚合物性能变化,并对机械力活化粉煤灰及其地聚合物的形成机理进行分析。结果表明,机械力球磨活化后粉煤灰基地聚合物水化反应速度加快,养护28d后抗压强度提高至79.97MPa,具有更好的抗冻融性能。XRD、FT-IR和SEM分析表明机械力活化前后粉煤灰基地聚合物水化产物主要为无定形凝胶;机械力作用能有效提高粉煤灰活性,使地聚合反应更充分;活化后地聚合物样品结构更加致密,为高性能粉煤灰基地聚合物的工程应用提供理论依据。     

早期外加电场下激发剂对粉煤灰地质聚合物性能的影响

以粉煤灰为原料,水玻璃和氢氧化钠为激发剂制备粉煤灰地质聚合物.研究了早期外加电场下激发剂和外加电压对粉煤灰地质聚合物试样表面温度、抗压强度的影响,分析了其矿物组成的变化.研究结果表明:早期外加电场下,氢氧化钠和钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰地质聚合物试样的抗压强度均比未加电场时提高,外加电压增加可以显著提高材料的表面温度和抗压强度...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.