我国耐火粘土的矿物类型和化学成分

引言 粘土原料的化学矿物组成是其最本质的特征,是其分类的主要基础,是其制品的各种工艺性能的内在因素。为了合理地利用我国所产耐火粘土原料,对其化学矿物组成进行研究和总结,实属迫不及待之事。笔者主要根据多年来的工作成果及所搜集的资料,将我国目前已知的耐火粘土按其矿物组成作了分类并列出其化学成份,以供有关方面参考。     

安泰环境工程技术有限公司秸秆炭化处理技术

<正>1农作物秸秆处理现状农作物秸秆是一种宝贵的可再生资源,但是长期以来由于受消费观念和生活方式的影响,我国农村秸秆资源完全处于高消耗、高污染、低产出的状况,相当多的一部分农作物秸秆被弃置或者进行焚烧,没有得到合理开发利用。据调查,目前我国秸秆利用率约为33%,其中大部分未加处理,经过技术处理后利用的仅约占2.6%。因此,综合利用农作物秸秆资源对于节约资源、保护环境、增加农民收     

第5届北美工业矿物年会

第 5届北美工业矿物年会将于 2 0 0 0年 11月 1～ 2日在美国宾夕法尼亚州的匹兹堡市举行。会议主题是耐火材料及市场。北美工业矿物年会被授权对北美及它的工业矿物和市场提供一个特定的论坛。每年关注不同的矿物部分或市场。大会主题报告 :耐火材料发展方向综述。本次会议有以下主题 :耐火原料资源 ;镁砂在耐火材料中的应用 ;不定形耐火材料系统 ;炼钢工业发展趋势及对耐火材料消耗的影响 ;耐火材料的回收 ;中国煅烧矾土在北美耐火材料工业中的使用 ;放射学在耐火材料中的应用 ;合成耐火材料骨料 (莫来石和尖晶石 ) ;玻璃对耐火材料的侵蚀 …     

富钾岩石制取矿物钾肥生产现状与前景展望

我国富钾岩石分布广泛,资源十分丰富。利用富钾岩石制取矿物钾肥潜力巨大,积极开展富钾岩石资源的综合利用、补充我国钾肥来源具有重要意义。目前国内已成功开发出以石灰为激发剂、在半湿状态下用富钾岩石生产钾硅钙微孔矿物肥料的静态水热法新工艺。介绍国内富钾岩石资源状况,利用富钾岩石制取矿物钾肥的生产工艺、技术进展及前景展望,并提出...     

中国耐火材料行业的发展与资源、能源和环境

耐火材料行业的发展与资源、能源和环境紧密相关。我国部分耐火原料资源呈短缺态势,耐火原料资源的综合开采和利用势在必行;调整耐火材料产品结构满足高能耗行业的节能要求,同时大力发展节能耐火材料品种,并降低耐火材料生产过程中的能耗;采用高性能无铬耐火材料和研究控制六价铬形成的技术,以控制对环境的负面影响;作好用后耐火材料的回收利用,减少矿产资源和能源消耗及固体废弃物排放,以利于耐火材料行业的可持续发展。     

与黄磷生产装置有关的制磷电炉规模问题探析

针对我国的磷矿资源分布、经济发展、交通与能源结构等实际情况，探讨了黄磷生产的电炉电耗、原材料消耗和产品质量及水电资源的合理利用，认为制磷企业根据当地资源情况配置多台制磷电炉是适宜的。     

积极推进我国煤炭资源综合利用的发展

从煤炭的综合利用,废弃物的综合利用,与煤共伴生矿物的合理利用三方面论述了煤炭资源综合利用近10a来取得的成效及存在的某些不足;随着国家一系列扶持政策的陆续出台,结合我国的资源情况,指出了资源综合利用前景广阔,同时在5个方面提出了发展资源综合利用的一些建议。     

苯甲磺酰胺生产工艺改造与污染物减排研究

以某公司苯甲磺酰胺生产工艺中能耗、物耗高、产品收得率低、污染物排放量大的状况为例,阐述实施苯甲磺酰胺生产工艺改造,合理地利用能源、资源、降低原辅材料消耗和污染物的产排量,提高产品市场竞争率,实现持续发展的途径和方法。     

镁碳质钢包包沿料的研制与应用

随着包钢产能的进一步提升,2007年包钢钢产量将达到1000万t,"十一五"期间钢产量将再上新台阶,耐火材料的用量将相应增加.大量用后耐火材料的废弃不仅浪费了宝贵的耐火矿物资源,而且极大地占用耕地,污染环境.如果将用后的耐火材料经捡选、分类,实现循环利用,不仅可以节约国家耐火矿物资源,而且可以减少对环境的污染,同时可大大降低耐火材料生产成本及炼钢成本.为此,根据210 t钢包用后耐火材料资源特点,结合210 t钢包包沿用耐火材料应具备的特性:(1)耐1600 ℃以上的高温;(2)抗高碱度渣的侵蚀;(3)抗热震性好;(4)较高的强度.采用渣线废镁碳砖进行了210 t钢包包沿料的研制.应用表明,研制的包沿料的使用寿命与渣线MgO-C砖同步,满足了使用要求.     

纳米气泡在微细粒矿物浮选中的应用研究现状

我国矿石资源禀赋差,很大一部分微细粒矿物资源难以回收。提高微细粒矿物资源的综合利用率是解决我国现阶段面临的矿产资源匮乏问题最有效的途径之一。文中主要对微细粒矿物的分选现状、纳米气泡的发展历程、形成方法、稳定性研究现状及在矿物浮选中的应用现状进行讨论与分析。纳米气泡浮选是针对微细粒矿物粒度小、质量轻、比表面积大、表面能高等特点提出的一种新型的浮选工艺流程。主要有3个特点:其一,减小气泡的尺寸,可以增加气泡与微细粒矿物的碰撞和黏附;其二,通过纳米气泡之间的桥联作用,使微细粒矿物之间发生选择性絮凝,增大矿物的表观粒径;其三,利用新型螯合捕收剂对纳米气泡进行表面靶向改性,增加纳米气泡对目的矿物表面活性质点的化学选择性。纳米气泡浮选必将成为提高微细粒矿产资源综合回收利用的有效方法。     

The phase composition of chrome-magnesite refractories

Conclusions Study of the phase composition and structure of chrome-magnesite refractories of different composition and degrees of firing led to the development of a range of practical proposals to improve the production technology.The quality of chrome-magnesite refractories can be radically improved mainly by obtaining in them secondary magnesia spinels with energy-stable crystal lattices (mp. above 2100°C) and by getting a phase composition close to equi brium. In this case the intermediate mineral formations will change into stable highly refractory compounds.With existing production methods for chrome-magnesite refractories such mineral-forming processes can be ensured only by using finely ground powders of chromite and magnesite in conjunction with high-temperature firing (of the order of 1750°C and higher).To make high-grade roof and converter magnesite-chromite refractories, the most promising method is the production of periclase-spinel goods by the ordinary or briquette technology.Technological measures for producing roof magnesite-chromite goods from coarsely ground chromite ores (3-0 mm fraction) are of no value, since during firing they develop nonequilibria phases with low melting points and secondary spinels of unstable structure possessing unsatisfactory properties compared with magnesia spinels used in the production of periclase-spinel goods.To prepare high-grade roof and periclase-spinel magnesite-chromite refractories it is necessary to use enriched Kimpersai ores and magnesite powder with a minimum content of impurities, so as to ensure that the silicate bond of the finished goods will contain secondary spinels with a fusion temperature of above 2100°C instead of forsterite and montichellite with eutectic temperatures with spinel of 1670° and 1430° respectively.     

The service of regenerator checkers in open hearth furnaces

Summary An effective way of increasing the life of checkers is to increase the height of the structure made of chrome-magnesite brick to 10–12 courses. This reduces the average melting time, increases furnace output by 5–7%, and reduces the oil consumption by 7%.The dust settling on the refractory has a typically high content of iron oxides. At normal checker temperatures (not above 1400°C) the surface of the refractories forms friable, dusty deposits. With a rise in temperature in the regenerator the dust sinters, partly fuses, and sticks to the refractory. This cake is removed by blowing the checkers.Investigation of the refractories after service confirms that the phase changes,in the reaction layer of the brick, take place mainly owing to the action of iron oxides of the dust on the refractory. Fusing of firebrick is also intensified by oxides of iron contained in the dust.The mineral formation and destruction processes are greatly affected by the changing composition of the gaseous atmosphere, which is confirmed by the formation of mixed crystals of magnetite and haematite in the crusts and reaction zones of the refractory.Of the refractories tested in the checkers, the best was chrome—magnesite.To explain the possibility of increasing the life of checkers, experiments should be made using forsterite brick of high quality in the 15 top courses of the checkers using the Cowper system of building the checkers.     

MgO−Al2O3−Cr2O3 refractories of increased corrosion resistance for nonferrous metallurgical furnaces

The paper sums up a study that had as its objective to develop MgO−Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ refractories of increased corrosion resistance for harsh service conditions. The refractories thus developed, designated PShKhM-1 and PShKhM-2, have better high-temperature strength and abrasion resistance than PKhS refractories manufactured commercially. The experimental refractories will enhance the durability of furnace and converter linings, extend their campaigns, step up their productivity, and reduce consumption of refractories and repair costs. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 1, pp. 33–37, January, 1998.     

The effect of degassing technology parameters and the quality of periclase-chromite refractories on their wear resistance in vacuum chamber lining

The results of an integrated study of external factors on wear resistance of periclase-chromite refractories in vacuum chamber lining are discussed. It is established that the mineral composition and structure of magnesian-spinellide refractories are the least liable to transformations. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 9, pp. 35–38, September, 2006.     

Granulated compositions for fused Bakor refractories

Conclusions It was established that the batch for fused Bakor refractories can be granulated on an industrial scale. The heat-treated granulated material is characterized by high strength and good handling properties.It was shown that the shorter fusion time and lower electric energy consumption when using a granulated material result in improved cost effectiveness in the production of Bakor refractories.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 9–11, April, 1976.     

简易数字图像技术在耐火材料中的应用

介绍了数字图像技术及其在耐火材料显微结构研究中的应用;用数字图像技术测定了两种镁砂中矿物相的含量,并与由化学分析所推算的矿物相含量进行了比较.研究表明,数字图像技术在耐火材料显微结构研究中具有快捷、方便、多用途、精确等优点.     

日本耐火材料发展动态

介绍了日本耐火材料产量及消耗、耐火原料情况、日本耐火材料工业发展的动态和含ＣａＯ耐火材料的现状．还简要介绍了日本耐火界对中国的看法。     

Possibilities of saving energy in operation of roasting furnaces lined with chamotte fiber materials

The economic effect of the use of chamotte fiber refractories as a lining material for advanced heating equipment is described. The parameters of consumption of energy and the service parameters are compared for linings of ShPGT-1.3 refractories and new ShPGT-450 plates in an installation with a capacity of 1 m₃. The comparison shows the possibilities of saving energy and the economic effect of using the suggested equipment.     

不定形耐火材料节能化研究进展

针对耐火材料存在的高能耗问题,介绍了近年来国内外在不定形耐火材料原料与产品方面所开展的节能化研究工作,指出了不定形耐火材料节能化发展方向。     

Destructive mechanism for periclase-spinel and magnesite-chromite refractories in oxygen converter linings

Conclusions The greatest wear of magnesite-chrome and periclase-spinel linings was observed in the cylindrical part of the converter in the places showing intense movement of metal and slag and maximum heat load. In these sections of the structure we get a predominant erosion by fusion, but the share of the erosion due to scaling is substantial.In the throat, wear of the lining occurs mainly due to scaling as a result of frequent changes in temperature and air.The wear of the lining of the bottom is slight compared with sections located above and takes place mainly as a result of erosion developed during intensive movement of the metal in the blow period.PS refractories are more resistant in the linings of the converter than MC refractories, which is explained by the difference in the mechanism of their wear.To increase the resistance of refractories PS against the action of converter slags it is necessary to make them from enriched chromitic ores and magnesite with the use of high-temperature firing, which will ensure better development of the direct bond of the grains of periclase with the chrome-spinel and more complete mineral formation (with maximum yield of secondary spinel).Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp.32–38, January, 1967.