丙烯酸酯和马来酸酐二元共聚物及其醇解胺解的合成与表征

主要介绍了丙烯酸酯和马来酸酐二元共聚物 (简称AM )及其醇解胺解物 (简称AM -a)类柴油降凝剂的合成、表征和降凝助滤效果 ,AM -a柴油降凝剂 ,是以丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐为原料 ,以甲苯为溶剂 ,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂 ,恒温聚合成AM ,再以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂 ,用高碳醇及高碳胺进行醇解及胺解而制得 ,该剂对东明 0 #柴油的纯降凝度可达 16℃ ,冷滤点降低可达 8℃ ,对汤阴 10 #柴油的纯降凝度可达 14℃ ,冷滤点降低可达 6℃。     

MAV和复配柴油降凝剂的制备

以马来酸酐、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸高级酯为原料单体合成一种三元共聚物MAV降凝剂。采用单因素法研究反应温度、投料比和引发剂BPO用量对0#柴油降凝效果的影响。结果表明,反应温度80℃,投料比马来酸酐∶丙烯酸高级酯∶醋酸乙烯酯为1∶1∶2,引发剂BPO用量1.5 g时,0#柴油冷滤点均降低6℃。研究了MAV与不同的分散剂复配制得降凝剂的效果,结果表明采用分散剂6501(1∶1.5)复配时,具有较好的降滤效果,降低冷滤点8℃。     

新型柴油降凝剂的研究

以马来酸酐、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸十六酯为原料单体合成一种三元共聚物,然后用高碳醇进行醇解,得到一种新型柴油降凝剂。考察引发剂用量、反应时间、单体配比、反应温度对降凝剂降滤效果的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件是:马来酸酐︰丙烯酰胺︰甲基丙烯酸十六酯n(MA)/n(AM)/n(HM)=1︰4︰4,引发剂用量1.5%,反应时间7 h,聚合温度85℃,醇温解度120℃。此降凝剂对抚顺石化公司0#柴油具有较好的降滤效果,可降冷滤点6℃。     

AMV及其醇解、胺解型柴油降凝剂的合成与性能研究

该文主要介绍α-甲基丙烯酸高级酯-马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯酯(AMV)三元共聚物及其醇解、胺解型柴油降凝剂的合成、表征以及降凝助滤效果。实验表明,在n(α-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)∶n(马来酸酐)∶n(醋酸乙烯酯)=4∶1∶2,聚合温度85℃,聚合时间5h,引发剂用量1.2%(质量分数,下同)的条件下,合成的AMV三元共聚物在添加量为0.1%(质量分数,下同)时,分别将中国石油兰州石油化工公司生产的3种柴油的凝点降低10、14、9℃,冷滤点降低1、3、2℃;在对三元共聚物进行醇解、胺解得到一系列的醇解、胺解物中,十八胺胺解物的添加量为0.1%时,分别可将上述3种柴油的凝点降低10、16、11℃,冷滤点降低2、5、3℃。     

间戊二烯C5石油树脂改性作为柴油降凝剂的研究

间戊二烯C5石油树脂在引发剂的作用下与马来酸酐发生接枝反应,再用直链烷烃醇进行酯化,制得梳状结构的柴油降凝剂。戊二烯C5石油树脂改性制备柴油降凝剂的最佳反应条件是:各物质质量比C5石油树脂∶马来酸酐∶引发剂∶混合醇∶溶剂(二甲苯)为100∶12∶1∶20∶8,混合醇用量比C12∶C16∶C18为0.4∶0.3∶0.3,反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h,所得到的改性石油树脂降凝剂与T 602C降凝剂复配(改性石油树脂降凝剂加入量为400μg/g,T 602C加入量为1 000μg/g)对柴油具有很好的降凝效果,可将抚顺石化公司生产的-10#柴油馏分的冷滤点降低7℃。     

C5-MSV柴油降凝剂的研究

采用与马来酸酐接枝的方法对C5石油树脂进行改性,接枝物与苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯共聚,用高碳醇进行醇解,研制出一种新型柴油降凝剂。考察了C5石油树脂与马来酸酐的质量比、苯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的用量、引发剂用量以及反应时间、反应温度对降凝剂效果的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件是:C5石油树脂∶马来酸酐=10∶1.2(质量比),过氧化苯甲酰0.1 g,苯乙烯1.30 g,醋酸乙烯酯1.60 g。此降凝剂用于抚顺石化0#柴油馏分,可降低其冷滤点5℃。     

C_5-MSV柴油降凝剂的研究

采用与马来酸酐接枝的方法对C5石油树脂进行改性,接枝物与苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯共聚,用高碳醇进行醇解,研制出一种新型柴油降凝剂。考察了C5石油树脂与马来酸酐的质量比、苯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的用量、引发剂用量以及反应时间、反应温度对降凝剂效果的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件是：C5石油树脂∶马来酸酐=10∶1.2（质量比）,过氧化苯甲酰0.1 g,苯乙烯1.30 g,醋酸乙烯酯1.60 g。此降凝剂用于抚顺石化0#柴油馏分,可降低其冷滤点5℃。     

MAV型柴油降凝剂的合成及效果的考察

以十六醇和丙烯酸为原料,n(十六醇):n(丙烯酸)=1.0:1.6,阻聚剂对苯二酚为0.6%(质量分数,下同),催化剂对甲苯磺酸为1.5%,合成丙烯酸酯;再用此丙烯酸酯与马来酸酐、醋酸乙烯酯进行共聚,n(马来酸酐):n(醋酸乙烯酯):n(丙烯酸酯)=1:4:4,过氧化苯甲酰为1.2%,恒温85℃,聚合7 h.即得MAV型柴油降凝剂.以不同的添加量,分别加入到抚顺石油一厂0#、二厂0#、三厂0#、一厂-10#和三厂-10#柴油中,考察其降凝助滤效果.结果表明:最佳添加量为0.6%,此时可使上述柴油的凝点分别降低12、12、13、15和16℃,冷滤点分别降低6、6、8、8和9℃.可见其降凝助滤效果是非常显著的.     

生物柴油低温流动改进剂的制备及其降滤效果评价

为降低大豆油生物柴油的冷滤点,合成了马来酸酐-丙烯酰胺-苯乙烯醇解衍生物(AAS)以及助剂环己醇脂肪酸酯(CF),并对其进行红外表征。通过正交实验,优化了三元共聚物(AAS)的工艺条件,同时考察了自制AAS分别与助剂CF以及德国蜡晶分散剂的复配效果。实验结果表明,合成AAS的最佳工艺条件为:单体配比2:1.5:0.75,引发剂(BPO)用量1.5%,催化剂加量1.0%,共聚温度75℃,共聚时间5 h,醇解时间3 h,酐醇比7:12。当AAS添加量为0.3%时,可使大豆油生物柴油冷滤点降低4℃。与助剂CF以1:1质量配比复配可使大豆油生物柴油冷滤点降低6℃,并可使菜籽油生物柴油降低5℃。     

硫酸催化合成α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯及应用研究

文章研究了用硫酸催化合成α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯的合成工艺条件及应用情况。α-甲基丙烯酸与十六醇的摩尔比为1．3：1,对苯二酚0．4％,浓硫酸0．56％,偶氮二异丁腈用量是酯的4．6％;恒温70-80℃,聚合8h。使用1g/L的α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯可使河南濮阳0#柴油冷滤点降低6℃,凝点降低7℃;南阳0#柴油冷滤点降低5℃,凝点降低8℃;濮阳-10#柴油冷滤点降低5℃,凝点降低6℃。     

EsMOVS柴油降凝剂的研制

对柴油降凝剂ＥｓＭＯＶＳ的合成、用途、使用条件、影响因素等作了阐述。此降凝剂对抚顺石油二厂－１０＃柴油的纯降凝度是１８℃，冷滤点纯降低度是９℃。对其它柴油也有一定的降凝助滤效果。     

MA-St型低温流动改进剂的制备及性能评价

采用"先酯化,后聚合"的方法,以马来酸酐、苯乙烯、十六醇、二十二醇为原料,合成了低温流动性改进剂马来酸酐混合酯-苯乙烯共聚物,最佳制备条件为:①酯化:n(马来酸酐)∶n(混合醇)=0.5∶1,w(催化剂)=1.8%、w(溶剂)=90%,酯化时间2.5 h;②聚合:n(苯乙烯)∶n(马来酸酐混合酯)=1∶1,w(引发剂)=1.25%,聚合温度为75℃,聚合时间4 h,溶剂用量为55%。将合成的产物按1.0‰的剂量加入到俄罗斯原油提炼的俄柴油中,冷滤点可降低12℃。     

Influence of diesel particulate filter additives on biodiesel quality

The influence of the diesel particulate filter additives (DPA) SATACEN and EOLYS on biodiesel fuel quality has been evaluated. Both additives significantly affected the oxidation stability of neat biodiesel. The influence on acid values and CFPP was found to be only small. Combination of diesel additives with biodiesel additives like oxidation stability and CFPP improvers led to similar results. Results indicated that DPA also lowered the efficiency of the oxidation stability improver Baynox. Furthermore, the CFPP additives Chimec and Infineum were also prone to have a small influence on biodiesel oxidation stability.     

Improving the low-temperature properties of alternative diesel fuels: Vegetable oil-derived methyl esters

This work explores near-term approaches for improving the low-temperature properties of triglyceride oil-derived fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were evaluated as a neat fuel and in blends with petroleum middle distillates. Winterization showed that the cloud point (CP) of methyl soyate may be reduced to −16°C. Twelve cold-flow additives marketed for distillates were tested by standard petroleum methodologies, including CP, pour point (PP), kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and low-temperature flow test (LTFT). Results showed that additive treatment significantly improves the PP of distillate/methyl ester blends; however, additives do not greatly affect CP or viscosity. Both CFPP and LTFT were nearly linear functions of CP, a result that compares well with earlier studies with untreated distillate/methyl ester blends. In particular, additives proved capable of reducing LTFT of neart methyl esters by 5–6°C. This work supports earlier research on the low-temperature properties; that is, approaches for improving the cold flow of methyl ester-based diesel fuels should continue to focus on reducing CP.     

柴油低温流动改进剂的合成及性能评价

介绍了在甲苯溶液中将甲基丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐二元共聚物用高级脂肪醇、聚乙二醇酯化,得到一系列新聚合物,通过对长庆石化分公司混合柴油的冷滤点的测试,改性后的二元共聚物可降低混合柴油的冷滤点3-4℃;利用多种低温流动改进剂的协同作用,探讨了合成主剂与不同的降凝剂和蜡晶分散剂复配效果;用差示扫描量热法（DSC）对加剂柴油和空白柴油在降温过程中的相变情况进行了研究,实验结果表明加剂后延缓了柴油中石蜡的结晶速度,使石蜡结晶温度降低,改善了柴油的低温流动性。     

Low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based diesel fuels: Transesterified methyl esters and petroleum middle distillate/ester blends

This work examines low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based alternate fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were studied as neat fuels and in blends with petroleum middle distillates (No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel). Admixed methyl esters composed of 5–30 vol% tallowate methyl esters in soyate methyl esters were also examined. Pour points, cloud points, and kinematic viscosities were measured; viscosities at cooler temperatures were studied to evaluate effects of sustained exposure. Low-temperature filterability studies were conducted in accordance with two standard methodologies. The North American standard was the low-temperature flow test (LTFT), and its European equivalent was the cold-filter plugging point (CFPP). With respect to cold-flow properties, blending methyl esters with middle distillates is limited to relatively low ester contents before the properties become preclusive. Under most conditions, cold-flow properties were not greatly affected by admixing the methyl esters with up to 30 vol% tallowate (before blending). Least squares analysis showed that both LTFT and CFPP of formulations containing at least 10 vol% methyl esters are linear functions of cloud point. In addition, statistical analysis of the LTFT data showed a strong 1:1 correlation between LTFT and CP. This result may prove crucial in efforts to improve low-temperature flow properties of alternate diesel fuels that contain methyl esters derived from triglycerides.     

甲基丙烯酸十六酯-乙酸乙烯酯低温流动性能改进剂的研制

以甲基丙烯酸、十六醇、乙酸乙烯酯为原料,用先酯化后聚合法设计并合成了甲基丙烯酸十六酯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,用作柴油低温流动性能改进剂。得到了制备该聚合物的最优反应条件,酯化:n甲基丙烯酸∶n十六醇=1∶1、w对甲苯磺酸=1.8%(以酸醇总质量计,下同),w二甲苯=105%、酯化时间90 min;聚合:w乙酸乙烯酯=30%,w过氧化苯甲酰=1.8%,反应时间4 h,反应温度80℃。改进剂加剂量9 490μg/g时,可使自制0#柴油冷滤点下降11℃。     

柴油低温流动改进剂的研究及工业应用

介绍了T系列柴油低温流动改进剂实验室和工业试验情况。实验室研究结果表明，T系列柴油低温流动改进剂具有较好的柴油感受性，降凝效果较好。工业应用结果表明，T系列柴油低温流动改进剂对大港柴油具有较好的感受性，加剂比在0.1%左右时能大幅度降低柴油的冷滤点，可将+5号及0号柴油分别调合成0号和－10号柴油。     

Artificial neural network model to predict cold filter plugging point of blended diesel fuels

Diesel fuel blending is an indispensable process in the diesel fuel producing process. It will benefit greatly the refineries to increase their profits if a mathematic model is developed to accurately estimate CFPP instead of substantial experiments. In this article, a back propagation artificial neural network model is established to predict CFPP of the blended diesel fuels, using input parameters of kinematics viscosity, density, refractivity intercept, CFPP and weight percentages of constituent diesel fuels. This model can give satisfactory predicting results for unknown diesel fuel samples either without PPD or with PPD and has been tested by practical industrial applications of produce blended diesel fuels. The mean predicting errors for the unknown samples without PPD are about 1.3 °C and about 2.5 °C for unknown samples with PPD.