一种新型便携式弱磁场测量系统

针对目前微弱磁场测量装置具有测量精度低、成本高、体积大等缺点。设计并制作了一种以TMR磁传感器为磁敏感探头的新型便携式微弱磁场测量系统,并通过液晶屏实时显示测量数据。通过FD-ICH-II新型螺线管磁场测定仪对本弱磁测量系统进行了标定实验,实验结果表明:该弱磁测量系统具有灵敏度高,较宽的测量范围,线性度高,测量平均误差小于1.2%,分辨率达到10-8T,满足弱磁测量的要求。对于某些特定场合,该弱磁测量系统完全可以得到应用。     

强化磁激励条件下磁记忆检测试验研究北大核心

对含预制缺陷的16MnR钢平板试件进行拉-拉疲劳试验,试验过程中采用励磁装置进行稳恒弱磁激励,通过巨磁阻传感器采集试件表面应力集中区域的漏磁场信号。结果表明,在弱磁激励和载荷作用停止时测得的漏磁场切向分量仍可以认为是一种广义的磁记忆信号,适当加强外磁场激励可以突出、强化磁记忆信号,提高检测系统的灵敏度,使检测效果得到改善;漏磁场切向分量在试件应力集中处出现最大值,其值随循环次数增加而增大,且在疲劳的不同阶段幅值变化率不同。     

体内微型诊疗装置磁定位简化模型的实验研究

无创定位技术是MEMS器械用于人体内诊疗过程的重要研究环节之一。这里在分析永磁体空间磁场分布规律的基础上,讨论了体内微型诊疗装置的磁定位技术;同时,通过实验研究和曲线拟和,对磁定位模型进行了简化,使磁定位的计算更快,检测传感器的放置更简单。实验结果表明,在一定误差范围内,该简化模型可以用于体内微型诊疗装置无创实时定位。     

利用强化磁激励场提高磁记忆检测灵敏度的可行性分析

金属磁记忆检测是一种弱磁场激励下的磁性检测方法,磁记忆检测易受干扰磁场的影响,因而其检测灵敏度和可靠性较低,至今仍难以在实际工程中推广应用。针对该问题,提出了通过强化磁激励场,提高磁记忆检测灵敏度和可靠性的方法。分析了该方法的原理,得出了利用该方法可以有效抑制干扰场,提高检测灵敏度的结论。     

基于谐波磁化响应半峰宽模型的非零场点磁性纳米粒子距离层析测量

磁粒子成像技术是一种以生物功能化超顺磁性纳米粒子为示踪剂的全新人体功能层析成像技术,其通常必须构建基于梯度场的零磁场点/线并对其进行空间扫描以实现示踪剂定位,其空间分辨率正比于梯度场强度。而高强度梯度场需大体积电/永磁体构建,使其无法用于微创淋巴结术中定位。本研究在不使用梯度定位场条件下,提出基于朗之万函数和激励-磁化场空间分布计算的窄带磁纳米粒子深度定位理论,推导不同深度磁性纳米粒子产生的磁化响应与空间方位角的函数关系,建立半峰宽-距离检测与真实浓度解析模型,并进一步开发了磁粒子深度层析装置(即非梯度式一维磁粒子成像仪),体外实验测量结果表明其空间定位分辨率为15 mm,误差5.21%,浓度模型还原误差为2.61%。对比已获批上市的欧洲Sentimag等静磁场磁粒子定位装置具有显著性能优势,可完全满足术中淋巴结定位等创新临床应用需求。     

钢丝绳弱磁探伤数值模拟及实验研究

在对绞线钢丝绳3D建模的基础上,采用有限元技术,分析了弱磁励磁状态下,钢丝绳复杂表面的磁场分布;对钢丝绳周围空气中的漏磁场矢量进行了仿真,研究了缺陷对钢丝绳表面及空间漏磁场分布的影响。仿真分析结果表明:在无缺陷状态下,钢丝绳周边空气中的漏磁场分布与其绳股形状相对应,其圆周方向的漏磁场呈周期性变化,周期为绳股节距;当缺陷存在时,漏磁场分布的周期性被破坏,且幅值大幅增加。依据理论分析结果,搭建了基于弱磁励磁的钢丝绳无损探伤实验平台,得到了不同断丝缺陷的漏磁场实测波形,实验结果验证了仿真分析结果的正确性。     

交流励磁三维定位系统中磁传感器设计

交流励磁定位系统可以对介入式微型医疗装置在人体内的三维位置实现非接触式遥测。在定位系统中，为了测量磁场分布范围宽、下限磁场微弱的交变磁场，本文设计开发了感应线圈式磁传感器。根据电磁感应原理，感应线圈先将交变的磁信号转换为电信号，再通过后级信号处理电路在强大的噪声背景中提取出有用的电信号，结合传感器的输入输出特性，即获得待测磁场大小。实验结果表明：磁传感器能准确测量微弱交变磁场，且具有宽测量范围、高分辨率、高稳定性和高精度的优点。磁传感器还能适用于一切非导磁环境中跨度大的交变磁场的测量，具有通用性。     

基于内部级数法的高均匀度磁传感器标定装置设计

在对磁传感器进行标定时,Maxwell线圈在磁梯度场均匀度要求高且对线圈空间尺寸有严格限制时并不适用,针对这个问题设计了一种具有高均匀度的磁梯度线圈作为磁传感器标定装置。应用内部级数法对单个轴对称线圈产生的磁场进行数理分析,进而得到其磁场梯度分布的一般特性,在此基础上计算出高均匀度磁梯度线圈的结构参数与均匀度。对线圈模型进行仿真分析并完成了磁梯度线圈装置的设计和制作。最后,根据仿真结果与实际测量得到的数据,验证了设计的正确性。     

基于有限元法的磁层析成像管道应力集中区磁场检测研究

为了解释磁层析成像法测量的磁信号与应力集中区之间的定量关系，提出了基于磁偶极子理论的应力集中区磁场空间传递模型，利用有限元方法计算和分析管道不同位置的应力集中区磁场信号分析形态。设计了实验平台，对含有应力集中区的钢管进行测量，验证了模型分析方法的可行性。结果表明：磁层析成像法能够检测位于管道任意部位的应力集中区磁场，管外空间畸变磁场形态和趋势与应力集中区磁场一致。随着提离值的增加，管外的磁信号强度发生指数性衰减，也说明采用该方法检测位于管道顶部的应力集中区准确率更高。     

电磁淘洗机切向水流的入射角度对磁选矿影响初探

介绍了电磁淘洗磁选机的磁选装置和控制装置、水流装置等主要结构,给出了淘洗机采用的弱磁原理和磁场强度计算公式,以及磁链在分选空间运动的动力学方程。研究了切向水流基本分选原理,并对切向水流入射角度对分选的影响进行了分析。     

背向串联式磁性液体密封聚磁结构特性分析

背向串联式磁性液体密封的聚磁结构中有多个永磁环和极靴环交替相间排列,且相邻永磁环的极性彼此相反。采用ANSYS有限元软件对背向串联式磁性液体密封聚磁结构特性进行数值分析,分析永磁环厚度、极靴环厚度、密封间隙大小以及叠层环径向宽度等结构参数对密封间隙路径上的磁通密度分布特性的影响。结果表明,背向串联式磁性液体密封聚磁结构可以在相对有限的结构空间内,在其密封间隙路径上较好地形成强弱相间的周期性变化磁通密度分布;但是密封间隙路径上周期性出现的弱磁场区域内存在局部强磁场,不利于提高密封性能和结构紧凑性。     

空间环境下磁性液体润滑/密封初探

磁性液体(磁流体/磁流变液)作为一种新型磁控智能材料,兼顾液体的流动性及固体磁性材料的磁响应特性,在外磁场作用下可实现二者间的可逆性转换。磁性液体润滑密封因其零泄漏、自修复等优良特性受到广泛关注,特别是近年来在航天装备中的应用研究。为探讨磁性液体在航天装备中的应用,从恶劣的宇宙环境出发,分析地外空间装备研发所面临的严峻环境挑战,对高真空、高辐射、高低温热循环三大主要问题进行针对性分析,探讨磁性液体用于航天装备润滑/密封的可行性,总结相关磁性液体极端工况润滑/密封技术的进展和局限性,并提出未来研究中亟待解决的重要科学问题。     

Computer-aided inspection center for magnetoimpedance spectroscopy

Principles of measuring magnetoimpedance effect in samples that are intended for constructing electronic circuits that contain sensing elements for detecting weak magnetic fields, including stray fields, are described. Special attention is paid to those existent techniques of measuring magnetoimpedance effect in magnetic structures with distinctly manifested magnetic anisotropy that have already been used in or look promising for systems of magnetic nondestructive testing. The merits and drawbacks of a computer-aided magnetoimpedance-spectroscopy facility that has been designed at Ural Federal University are discussed in detail. The facility is based on an Agilent E4991a impedance analyzer that has been adapted for studying a wide class of magnetic structures.     

Structure optimization for magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder

The main purpose of this research is to perform a magnetic analysis on the magnetic equipment of permanent magnet retarder (PMR) and optimize the structure of magnetic equipment with the commercial FEM software ANSYS and its design optimization module. The FEM model is built as an axisymmetric model according to the characteristics of the structure of magnetic equipment. Using this model, the magnetic field distribution and magnetic force are calculated by ANSYS. The mathematical model of structure optimization is also built. The design variables are structural parameters including the dimensions of permanent magnets and magnetic yoke, and the objective function is the magnetic force. The unconstrained optimization model takes the maximum value of magnetic force as the objective. A first-order optimization method is used to determine the optimum design of this problem. The optimization process works entirely with the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). The design tools are used to understand design space and the behavior of the dependent variables. It is shown that designing a structure with the ANSYS optimization module and its design tools is an effective means to improve the structure.     

Nodal Lines of Normal Components of Scattered Fields on Surfaces of a Flawless Steel Pipe Slightly Bent in a Weak External Magnetic Field

A component of scattered magnetic field normal to the surface of a awless steel pipe has been calculated taking account of the elastic stress distribution in the bent pipe. Nodal lines of the resulting scattered field induced by the weak magnetic field components, both longitudinal and transverse with respect to the pipe axis, have been obtained.     

Solving the Inverse Geometric Problem of Magnetostatics for Corrosion Defects with Allowance for Nonlinear Properties of Ferromagnet

A method is proposed for solving the inverse problem of magnetostatics with allowance for a nonlinear dependence of the relative magnetic permeability of a ferromagnet on the applied external field. The method has been investigated for metal loss defects located on the ferromagnetic-plate side opposite to magnetic transducers, without imposing any conditions on defect shape. The ferromagnetic plate is magnetized in the direction of the abscissa axis; the dependence of the magnetic induction of metal on the applied external magnetic field corresponds to a nonlinear segment of the magnetization curve. The problem has been solved for the three-dimensional case. Defects were simulated and the direct problem was solved with software developed by the authors in FORTRAN language. The program for constructing lines of force and solving the inverse problem of reconstructing magnetic field components was written using the Scilab package of applied mathematical programs.

     

Precision field averaging NMR magnetometer for low and high fields, using flowing water

The separated oscillatory field magnetic resonance technique (Ramsey technique) has been employed with flowing water as a volume averaging magnetometer. Polarization and detection were performed in high fields, external to the volume over which the magnetic field was to be averaged. An accuracy of a few parts in 10(7) at a nominal field of 18 G was obtained. The technique is applicable, using standard equipment, for the measurement of fields ranging from kilogauss down to milligauss.     

Study on internal stress damage detection in long-distance oil and gas pipelines via weak magnetic method

Weak magnetic stress detection is an important issue in oil–gas pipeline internal detection area. In order to verify the characteristics of weak magnetic stress internal detection signals, we built herein a magneto-mechanics equivalent model having a balanced magnetic field. First, we calculated the relationship between the stress and the weak magnetic signals; consequently, the analysis propagation laws of the weak magnetic signals with non-magnetic saturation were pointed out. Finally, the theoretical model was validated by a systematic experimental research. The analytical results show that a one-to-one linear link between the weak magnetic signals and the stress concentration is clear. Instead, the change of the weak magnetic signals with the liftoff is nonlinear, therefore we are proposing the Boltzmann liftoff correction factor whose degree of adaptability of the equivalent model can reach the value of 94%. It is possible to note that when the liftoff is in the approximate linear stage, the relevance ratio and the recognition rate of the magneto-mechanics curve show a high-quality. This conclusion is important in the engineering field for the set of the liftoff.     

弱场激励下铁磁性试件疲劳拉伸磁信号研究

研究了铁磁性材料试件,在弱磁激励条件下进行疲劳拉伸,并检测试件表面沿拉伸方向表面磁场信号的变化及其分布特征。选用16MnR进行试验,对预制缺陷的试件进行弹性范围内的疲劳拉伸。利用基于巨磁阻芯片的阵列式传感器探头进行不同拉伸阶段的试件表面磁场扫描测量,并对信号进行滤波处理和对本征信号及其梯度进行成像。对不同拉伸阶段和传感器阵列中不同传感器通道的磁信号进行了分析,探讨了弱磁激励状态下疲劳拉伸试件表面磁信号对无损性评估铁磁性机械试件的有效性。