矿渣-粉煤灰-金矿渣基地聚物固化湖区软土的强度试验研究

针对湖区软弱土特殊的工况,拟采用矿渣-粉煤灰-金矿渣基地聚物替代水泥作为新型绿色固化剂处治湖区软土.通过固化剂掺量、矿渣-粉煤灰-金矿渣比例、养护龄期等因素对地聚物固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响展开研究.结果表明:固化土的无侧限抗压强度随着固化剂掺量和龄期的增长而有所提高;固化剂掺量相同时,地聚物固化土强度更高,且其掺量宜...     

复合固化剂固化某淤泥质土的试验研究

为了改善青弋江分洪道工程淤泥质土地基的物理力学性能,选用普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰、水玻璃以及木质素磺酸钠组成的水泥基复合固化剂,以青弋江芜湖段典型淤泥质土样作为试验土样,进行了室内固化试验研究,分析了固化剂掺量、淤泥质土初始含水率以及养护龄期的改变对固化土无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度参数的影响关系。研究结果表明:对于提高青弋江淤泥质土强度,试验所用固化剂作用效果明显,90d龄期养护条件下,掺入复合固化剂处理的固化淤泥质土无侧限抗压强度最高为单掺水泥条件下固化土无侧限抗压强度的4.2倍,同时前者抗剪强度也明显大于后者;固化土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加而提高,但增长速率逐渐减缓,同时还随着养护龄期的增加而提高,两者呈明显的对数关系。     

复合固化剂改良地铁渣土的无侧限抗压强度研究

为了解决地铁盾构施工中产生的大量工程渣土的再利用问题,本文选择水泥、粉煤灰、高分子聚合物A作为一种复合固化剂来改良地铁渣土。探讨复合固化剂对改良后的地铁渣土无侧限抗压强度变化规律,探究地铁渣土含水率、复合固化剂掺量、龄期对固化土强度的影响,并得出强度拟合公式。试验结果表明:在相同掺量、相同龄期的条件下,复合固化土7d无侧限抗压强度为水泥固化土的2.32～2.91倍,复合固化土180d无侧限抗压强度为水泥固化土2.32～4.37倍,复合固化剂较水泥固化剂具有显著的力学性能优化作用。     

聚丙烯纤维与水泥固化广州南沙软土的试验研究

为了改善水泥固化软土存在的不足,采用聚丙烯纤维-水泥对广州南沙软土进行固化,分析探讨了纤维水泥固化土的受压破坏方式以及纤维掺量、纤维长度、水泥掺量、龄期对纤维水泥固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明:在水泥土中掺入纤维能在一定程度上提高其无侧限抗压强度,且在一定范围内,无侧限抗压强度随纤维掺量和纤维长度的增加而增大;纤维水泥土中水泥的最优掺量为12%;纤维水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随着龄期的增长而增大,并且早期强度增长较快,后期增长较慢并趋于稳定;纤维能增加水泥土的抗拉强度,减少水泥土试样破坏时的裂缝宽度和数量,改善它们的脆性破坏形式。     

固化粉土小应变剪切模量与强度增长相关性研究

小应变剪切模量和无侧限抗压强度是表征固化土刚度和强度特性的两个重要参数。简要介绍了弯曲元测试技术的原理及其在试验中存在的问题,采用压电陶瓷弯曲元测试技术对水泥和木质素固化剂固化粉土试样在不同养护龄期下的小应变剪切模量进行了测试,同时对相应龄期下试样进行了常规无侧限抗压强度试验,通过引入归一化参数G28和UCS28对不同固化土的小应变剪切模量和无侧限抗压强度之间的相关关系进行分析,提出了固化土刚度与强度的相关性模型,可为地基处理中固化土的无损测试与加固效果评价提供新的方法。结果表明,水泥、木质素固化粉土的小应变剪切模量随养护龄期增加而增加,养护龄期28 d内增长显著,28 d后增长趋于平稳;相同类型固化土不论固化剂掺量多少,其小应变剪切模量随养护时间的发展在本质上是相同的;固化土归一化无侧限抗压强度表现出与小应变剪切模量相似的发展趋势;提出的固化土归一化模型可作为一种土体强度无损检测的新方法。     

广州南沙地区软土采用水泥和粉煤灰固化试验研究

通过室内试验,研究广州市南沙地区软土采用水泥和粉煤灰加固力学特性。考虑水灰比、水泥粉煤灰混合固化剂掺量、粉煤灰掺量的变化对固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响,建立固化土强度-龄期一系列函数公式。研究显示:水泥起到提高固化土强度的主要作用,粉煤灰的掺量应有所限制;对于不同的混合固化剂配比,有各自的最佳水灰比。水灰比小于0.5,加大混合固化剂掺量不能显著提高固化土强度。广州南沙软土采用水泥粉煤灰搅拌桩加固,混合固化剂掺量取15%~18%,粉煤灰掺量取20%~30%,水灰比取0.53左右,比较合理。     

棉花秸秆固化桩室内抗压性能试验研究

新型固化桩体系即棉花秸秆灌浆固化桩,把棉花秸秆作为筋材,将原料土、矿渣、脱硫石膏、氢氧化钠加水制成浆液,灌浆固化成桩。首次通过在室内对不加秸秆与加不同密度秸秆捆的大尺寸固化桩进行无侧限抗压强度试验,得到了养护28 d试样的应力-应变关系、抗压强度和破坏应变。结果表明:秸秆的掺入使试样的破坏应变明显减小,无侧限抗压强度显著增加;秸秆掺量达到某种程度后,继续添加秸秆并不能明显改善固化桩的抗压强度。     

新型固化剂与水泥混合料固化红层土水稳定性试验研究

以黏土石化剂和水泥作为土体固化剂对红层土进行固化,通过击实试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、浸水稳定性试验,研究不同掺量固化剂对红层土击实特性、浸水崩解特性、吸水增湿率、抗压强度、浸水后软化系数等性能的影响规律。结果表明:加入水泥和固化剂混合料后,试件的水稳定性和抗压强度都显著高于素土和单掺黏土石化剂和水泥的试件,最大抗压强度达2.3 MPa,7 d养护龄期内强度能达到最大强度的95%以上,浸水后强度损失在0.5%以内,试验采用的土体固化剂起到了显著的固化效果。     

建筑垃圾渣土制备固化土配合比参数研究

以无机固化剂与离子类固化剂联合固化渣土,使用三角等焓图分析固化土性能与配合比参数之间的关系,结果表明,固化土无侧限抗压强度及抗冻性均随离子类固化剂掺量的增加而提高;无侧限抗压强度及抗冻性在三角等焓图上的梯度方向与水泥掺量一致,表明水泥是影响固化土强度及抗冻性的关键因素;石灰对固化土强度的影响表现为早期强度低,土体强度较高时石灰对强度的影响较小;渣土级配对固化土性能的影响存在最佳区间,建议渣土中颗粒级配为(0-5mm)∶(5～10mm)∶(10-25mm)=40％∶20％∶40％或50％∶40％∶10％.     

含盐量与固化材料掺量对固化盐渍土抗压强度的影响

为解决滨海盐渍土的低强度和大变形问题,采用水泥、石灰、SH固土剂固化盐渍土,研究含盐量、固化材料掺量、养护龄期和浸泡用水对固化土抗压强度的影响.结果证实:含盐量大于1%,固化土抗压强度随含盐量的增加而减小;掺加水泥、石灰、SH固土剂均可提高土的强度和水稳性;随养护龄期的增加,固化土的抗压强度增加;石灰固化土和SH固土剂...     

Field Placing Test of Lightweight Treated Soil under Seawater in Kumamoto Port

A lightweight treated soil method has recently been developed to reuse dredged soils as artificial lightweight geomaterials, the density of which ranges from 1.0 ~ 1.2 g/cm³, for coastal construction projects. In the two types of lightweight soils, foam-treated soil (FTS) and bead-treated soil (BTS), the slurry of dredged soil is mixed with cement and air foam, or cement and EPS beads (the diameters are 1 ~ 3 mm), respectively. The lightweight treated soil method have been applied in several seaports and coastal airport projects, but only in the sites at a level shallower than –3 m to avoid density change due to large water pressure and the possibility of washout during underwater placing.In this study, full scale field placing tests of lightweight soils were carried out at sites 10 m below the sea level in Kumamoto Port with the purpose of investigating the material properties of lightweight soils placed under deep water. Especially the change of density through the process of mixing, transportation, placing and hardening was examined in detail. It was found that the lightweight soil method can be applied under sea water of –10 m, although a part of the total volume of mixed foam or mixed EPS beads is swept away during the construction process. However the wet-density of lightweight soil measured 1 year after the construction was almost the same as that of a 28-day specimen, while the 1 year strength was 40% larger than the 28-day strength.     

Mechanical properties and stabilizing mechanism of stabilized saline soils with four stabilizers

Saline soil used in embankment construction causes dissolution falling and salt swelling, which results in embankment cracking. Therefore, saline soils should be stabilized in engineering. The unconfined compressive strength test, triaxial compressive test, splitting tensile test, and fatigue test were conducted on six types of stabilized soils. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy test, X-ray diffraction test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to discover the stabilizing mechanism. Test results indicated that the mechanical properties of saline soil were improved by adding lime, cement, fly ash, and SH agent (SH). In particular, after soaking, the strength of the stabilized soil with SH was significantly enhanced, the deviatoric stress-strain curves transformed from strain softening to strain hardening, and the tensile property and fatigue resistance were improved as well. The SH generated a film and silk-like web, wrapped the soil particles, and filled the soil pores, which improved the strength and anti-deformation abilities of the stabilized soils.

     

滨海盐渍土作公路路基填料试验研究

滨海盐渍土是一种特殊土,具有溶陷、腐蚀等不良工程特性,如何将其作为资源用于公路路基填料已成为滨海地区交通建设发展中的重要岩土工程问题之一。从滨海盐渍土的工程应用角度出发,利用石灰、水泥和新型高分子固化材料SH对其进行固化试验研究,并分析探讨了龄期、制样用水、浸泡用水和土中含盐量对固化盐渍土强度的影响及其水稳性。试验结果表明:滨海盐渍土经石灰、水泥和SH综合固化处理后,其强度和水稳性能达到规范要求,可以用作公路路基填料。     

Mechanical behavior of lightweight soil reinforced with waste fishing net

Lightweight soil is cement-treated and consists of dredged clayey soil, cement, and air-foam. Reinforced lightweight soil (RLS) contains waste fishing net to increase its shear strength. This paper investigates the strength characteristics and stress–strain behavior of reinforced and unreinforced lightweight soils. Test specimens were prepared with varying admixtures of cement content (8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by the weight of untreated soil), initial water content (125%, 156%, 187%, 217%, and 250%), air-foam content (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%), and waste fishing net (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%). Then several series of unconfined compression tests and one-dimensional compression tests were conducted. The experiments with lightweight soil indicated that the unconfined compressive strength increased with an increase in cement content, but decreased with increasing water content and air-foam content. The stress–strain relationship and the unconfined compressive strength were influenced by the percentage of waste fishing net. In addition, the strength of RLS generally increased after adding waste fishing net due to the bond strength and the friction at the interface between waste fishing net and soil mixtures, but the amount of increase in compressive strength was not directly proportional to the percentage of waste fishing net. The results of testing indicated that the maximum increase in compressive strength was obtained for a waste fishing net content of about 0.25%. The bulk unit weight of lightweight soil was strongly dependent on the air-foam content. The compression characteristics of lightweight soil, including the yield stress and compression index, did not depend greatly on whether the samples were cured underwater or in air.     

Effect of different mixing ratios of polystyrene pre-puff beads and cement on the mechanical behaviour of lightweight fill

A laboratory study on the formation of a lightweight fill material by blending soil with polystyrene pre-puff (PSPP) beads and other binders such as cement is presented in this paper. The effects of different compositions and different ratios between PSPP beads and soil, cement and soil, water and soil on the density, unconfined compressive strength and deformation of the lightweight fill formed are studied. It is observed that the density of the lightweight fill can be effectively controlled by the amount of PSPP beads used in making the fill. With the inclusion of merely 2–6% of PSPP beads (to soil by weight), the density of the lightweight fill formed can be reduced to 700–1100 kg/m³. The shear strength and stiffness of the lightweight fill can be controlled by adjusting the amount of cement used. The unconfined compressive strength of the lightweight fill increases considerably if a cement to soil ratio of 10–15% is used. Compared with the expanded polystyrene (EPS) block geofoam, the PSPP beads mixed lightweight fill has a higher density, but higher shear strength and higher stiffness too. It can be used as a substitute of EPS blocks when irregular shaped volumes are to be filled or when stronger fill materials are required.     

Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate leaching from soil amended with biosolids

Countries with sewage treatment plants produce on average 27 kg of dried biosolids/person/yr. Concerns about nitrate leaching limit the rate at which biosolids are added to soil. We sought to determine whether biochar, a form of charcoal that is added to soil, could reduce nitrate leaching from biosolids amended soil. We set up 24 (0.5 m × 0.75 m) lysimeters, filled with two soil types (Templeton Silt Loam and Ashley Dene silt loam) and amended with combinations of biochar (102 t/ha equivalent) and biosolids (600 and 1200 kg N/ha equivalent). Pasture and leachates were sampled over 5 months. Nitrate leaching from biochar plus biosolids amended soils were reduced to levels at or below the control treatments. Pasture N concentrations were similarly affected by biochar addition. Future research should focus on unravelling the mechanism responsible for the change in the nitrogen cycle in soils amended with biosolids and biochar.     

水泥加固酸污染土无侧限强度特征

污染土是利用水泥固化处理后,土体的强度得到提高。针对该项技术,采用水泥固化法处理酸污染土,通过两种试验方案,对水泥加固酸污染土的无侧限抗压强度特性进行研究。试验所用酸污染土用浓硫酸配置人工制备而成,并考虑了不同水泥掺量、不同硫酸浓度和不同龄期对水泥加固酸污染土强度的影响。试验表明:水泥固化酸污染土的强度与水泥掺量和硫酸含量有密切关系,二者共同作用决定其强度的变化。在一定硫酸浓度(2~16g/kg)条件下,伴随硫酸含量的升高,水泥掺量较低时,无侧限抗压强度整体呈明显下降的趋势;水泥掺量较高时,无侧限抗压强度呈缓慢上升的趋势。随着水泥掺量提高,土样的无侧限抗压强度达到峰值时所对应的硫酸含量也逐渐变大。     

The concentrations and fate of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate in sludge amended soils

A programme of monitoring work to determine the fate of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) in sludge amended soil is described. The concentration of LAS in soils are given for a large number of locations (24 farms and 51 fields) in the Thames Water Authority (TWA), U.K. The sites selected provide a range of soil types, frequency and concentration of sludge applications and agricultural uses (pasture/arable). In addition, the disappearance of LAS from soil with time is shown at three selected sites following different sludge application practices.A solid phase extraction-HPLC method, employing a Soxhlet extraction technique to recover LAS from soil matrices, is described for these determinations which gave an average recovery of LAS (2–15 μgg⁻ spikes) of 97%.In fields (42) not recently spread with sludge (prior to 1987) the concentrations of LAS found in the sludge amended soil are generally less than 1 p g LAS/g soil. When this data is compared with the estimated total cumulative load based on known sludge applications the majority of the sites show losses of LAS > 98%. In fields (9) recently spread (during 1987) the concentrations of LAS in soil are in the range <0.2–20 Mg g⁻¹ representing losses of LAS between 70 and 99% of the estimated total cumulative load. The time course studies confirm the rapid removal of LAS from sludge amended soils at three locations (5 fields) and for three different methods of application. The calculated half-lives for LAS in soil range from 7 to 22 days and agree with laboratory test results and other monitoring studies. The homologue distributions determined for LAS in soil suggest that microbial breakdown rather than leaching is the prime mechanism for its removal. Overall, the data indicate that an adequate safety margin exists between the concentrations of LAS in sludge amended soils and those likely to affect the growth of crop plants.     

Application of phytotoxicity data to a new Australian soil quality guideline framework for biosolids

To protect terrestrial ecosystems and humans from contaminants many countries and jurisdictions have developed soil quality guidelines (SQGs). This study proposes a new framework to derive SQGs and guidelines for amended soils and uses a case study based on phytotoxicity data of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from field studies to illustrate how the framework could be applied. The proposed framework uses normalisation relationships to account for the effects of soil properties on toxicity data followed by a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method to calculate a soil added contaminant limit (soil ACL) for a standard soil. The normalisation equations are then used to calculate soil ACLs for other soils. A soil amendment availability factor (SAAF) is then calculated as the toxicity and bioavailability of pure contaminants and contaminants in amendments can be different. The SAAF is used to modify soil ACLs to ACLs for amended soils.The framework was then used to calculate soil ACLs for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). For soils with pH of 4-8 and OC content of 1-6%, the ACLs range from 8 mg/kg to 970 mg/kg added Cu. The SAAF for Cu was pH dependant and varied from 1.44 at pH 4 to 2.15 at pH 8. For soils with pH of 4-8 and OC content of 1-6%, the ACLs for amended soils range from 11 mg/kg to 2080 mg/kg added Cu. For soils with pH of 4-8 and a CEC from 5-60, the ACLs for Zn ranged from 21 to 1470 mg/kg added Zn. A SAAF of one was used for Zn as it concentrations in plant tissue and soil to water partitioning showed no difference between biosolids and soluble Zn salt treatments, indicating that Zn from biosolids and Zn salts are equally bioavailable to plants.