铸铝合金硫酸阳极氧化

研究了铸铝合金的表面预处理和阳极氧化工艺;讨论了铸铝合金的表面预处理和工艺条件对阳极氧化膜耐蚀性与厚度的影响;获得了合适的表面预处理方法和阳极氧化工艺条件。     

铝合金局部厚膜硬质阳极化工艺

针对有些零件在硫酸或铬酸阳极化后需进行局部厚膜硬质阳极化,提出了以硫酸或铬酸阳极氧化膜经醋酸镍封闭和重铬酸钾封闭后用作局部厚膜硬质阳极氧化保护膜的工艺方法。介绍了其工艺流程,讨论了2种工艺中电压的限制。结果表明,以经醋酸镍和重铬酸钾封闭后的硫酸或铬酸阳极氧化膜作局部厚膜硬质阳极氧化的保护膜,则硬质阳极化时电压分别限制在39 V和42 V。2种工艺得到的硬质阳极氧化膜厚可达到60μm,而且硬质阳极氧化后硫酸或铬酸阳极氧化膜层能通过336 h的盐雾试验。因此,经醋酸镍和重铬酸钾双重封闭后的硫酸或铬酸阳极氧化膜可以取代传统的蜡封或涂漆工艺,用作局部厚膜硬质阳极氧化的保护膜。     

碘仿电解合成的工艺研究

开发了一种以石墨为阳极、铅为阴极、采用旋转阳极和离子膜分隔电解槽的碘仿电解合成的先进工艺 ,经过 5因素 4水平的正交试验 ,发现影响电流效率的各工艺因素中 ,阳极电流密度的影响最大 ,其次分别为阳极液温度 ,阳极液 p H值 ,阳极液中碘化钾的浓度和阳极转速。优化得到碘仿电合成的最佳工艺条件为 :碘化钾浓度 2 0 0 g· L- 1 ,阳极电流密度 2 5 A· dm- 2 ,阳极液温度为 2 0℃ ,阳极液 p H值为 9.5,阳极转速为2 0 0 r· min- 1 ,在此最佳工艺条件下 ,电流效率可达 97.2 3%。     

铝合金的阳极氧化及其研发进展

铝合金阳极氧化技术能够提高基体表面的耐蚀性、耐磨性及硬度等,不同酸性工艺条件下能够得到不同性能的阳极氧化膜。文章概述了常规酸性电解液下的阳极氧化,着重介绍了硼酸和硫酸阳极氧化的工艺及发展,简明指出了阳极氧化的发展趋势。     

铝及铝合金阳极氧化、着色及封闭的现状和发展趋势

综述了铝及其合金阳极氧化、电解着色及封闭的研究，应用现状及工艺改进。着重介绍了铝阳极氧化，包括普通阳极氧化、硬质阳极氧化和微弧阳极氧化。介绍了微弧阳极氧化陶瓷膜的性能及工艺改进，针对铝阳极氧化在今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

铝合金阳极氧化技术发展

介绍了典型的铝合金阳极氧化技术,并对阳极氧化技术的特点进行分析。着重从预处理工艺、阳极氧化工艺及膜层封闭处理三方面阐述航空工业中铝合金阳极氧化技术的研究现状,为开展新工艺研究,改善阳极氧化膜层质量、减少能耗、降低生产成本提供思路。     

炭渣来源及其控制方法分析

电解槽内炭渣对铝电解工艺过程有巨大的危害.通过炭渣来源分析,其产生不仅仅是由预焙阳极质量问题引起的,电解槽设计及电解工艺操作同样对阳极炭渣的产生有直接的影响.因此,通过阳极生产控制,包括:减轻预焙阳极选择性氧化程度、降低预焙阳极整体空气和CO_2反应性能力、保存阳极完整性,及强化铝电解工艺操作、优化铝电解槽设计来减少电解槽炭渣产生.     

铝及铝合金铬酸阳极氧化工艺研究

本文针对铝及铝合金铬酸阳极氧化工艺中出现的问题，论述并分析了除油、水洗、铬酸阳极氧化、封闭等工艺方法和试验结果。试验结果表明，改进除油、水洗、铬酸阳极氧化工艺和封闭处理方法后，工艺质量有了明显提高。     

太阳能热水器铝材壳体阳极电泳涂装线简介

介绍了太阳能热水器铝材壳体阳极电泳涂装线设备,重点详述了阳极氧化、电解着色和阳极电泳涂装工艺。     

阳极氧化法制备透明氧化铝薄膜的研究

以铝箔为阳极,石墨为阴极,草酸为电解液,采用二次阳极氧化法制备透明氧化铝薄膜。采用金相显微镜观察一次阳极氧化和二次阳极氧化后氧化铝薄膜的表面形貌,并用X射线衍射仪对氧化铝薄膜结构进行表征。结果表明,二次阳极氧化工艺对氧化铝薄膜的质量有重要的影响。采用退火-除油-浸蚀-电化学抛光-一次阳极氧化-二次阳极氧化工艺,并严格控制工艺参数,可以制备结构良好的透明氧化铝薄膜,且氧化铝薄膜是非晶态结构。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

降冰片二烯光敏异构反应动力学

以降冰片二烯为原料,四乙基米氏酮为光敏剂,在无溶剂条件下,采用循环式反应器研究了降冰片二烯光敏异构反应动力学。结果表明,反应前期降冰片二烯的浓度下降较快,反应后期降冰片二烯的浓度下降变缓。反应速率可用一级反应动力学方程表达,反应活化能为29 173 J/mol,指前因子为1026 min-1。     

3种肠杆菌科细菌的耐药性变迁

目的研究大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌的耐药性变迁。方法对2007～2009年临床分离的大肠埃希菌(645株)、肺炎克雷伯菌(260株)和阴沟肠杆菌(150株),采用纸片扩散法进行体外药敏测定,并依据美国临床实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)规定的标准,分析3种肠杆菌科细菌的耐药性变迁。结果大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率均较高;对头孢他啶的耐药率低于头孢噻肟;与2007年比较,2008年和2009年对头孢吡肟的耐药率明显增长;未发现对亚胺培南耐药菌株的产生。结论细菌耐药性不断增强已成为临床治疗面临的重要难题,应从耐药监测、医院感染控制、合理使用抗生素等多方面努力,减少细菌耐药性的产生。     

阿司匹林系列综合性实验的教学改革

将以往实验教学中分散的、孤立的关于阿司匹林方面的实验加以总结和进一步延伸,使其系列实验内容涉及知识面较广、较深,涵盖的基本技能操作较全面,使之达到培养学生的综合能力、创新能力及提高综合素质的一项综合性实验。     

Model of Cellular Instability of Flames of Ternary Mixtures

A simple phenomenological diffusive-thermal model of cellular instability of premixed flames of ternary mixtures is developed and presented. The model shows that preferential diffusion can alter stoichiometry of the mixture, i.e., the ratio of the fuel and oxidizer concentrations, and also its effective dilution by an inert. Key parameters of the model are estimated using numerical modeling of burning velocities. Laminar burning velocities are calculated for hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen, methane-oxygen-nitrogen, and propane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. Conditions for the appearance of cellular instability in ternary mixtures are determined and compared with experiments. In good agreement with experimental observations, the diffusive-thermal instability is predicted in hydrogen flames with equivalence ratios φ ≲ 1.45, in lean methane flames with φ ≲ 1.02, and in rich propane flames with φ ≳ 1.03. The magnitude of the change in the local flame velocity due to preferential diffusion is evaluated. It is demonstrated that nitrogen diffuses faster than oxygen in hydrogen-air and methane-air flames, while oxygen diffuses faster than nitrogen in flames of propane and other heavier hydrocarbons. In mixtures of air with propane or heavier hydrocarbons, the transition between stable and unstable regimes is predicted in mixtures that are leaner than the mixture corresponding to the peak of the burning velocity curve, in agreement with experimental observations. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 14–22, September–October, 2005.     

Effect of shear rate on the rate of polymerization of styrene

Application of shear was found to have considerable effect on the radical polymerization of styrene initiated by benzoyl peroxide. The initial rate of polymerization decreases by as much as 30% for low shear rates (γ), but on further increasing γ it increases slightly, levelling ultimately at the 10% reduction level. The effect of solvent was shown to have negligible effect, in direct contrast to that observed by Kumar et al.^1–3 for methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile. Experiments confirm that the reduction in the rate of initial polymerization can be attributed largely to the change in initiator efficiency on the application of shear rate. As a further test, the decomposition rate of benzoyl peroxide in nitrobenzene at 80°C was measured and was found to increase significantly on application of shear. This confirms the importance of mass transfer resistance in removal of CO₂. The reduction in the rate of polymerization of styrene can now be explained as follows. In the reaction mass, there are benzoyloxy as well as phenyl radicals and styrene molecules have been shown by Bevington⁴ to react preferentially with the former. The fall in the rate of polymerization of styrene occurs because, on the application of shear, decomposition of benzoyloxy radicals is favoured in the forward direction and its concentration in the reaction mass falls. As a result the initiation of polymer radicals reduces, which in turn gives a lower rate of polymerization.     

Analysis of products of high-temperature pyrolysis of various hydrocarbons

Ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propane and neopentane have been pyrolyzed at 1173 K, and methane at 1372 K in a flow system, and the volatile pyrolysis products analyzed. Eleven aromatic hydrocarbons, containing 14 or fewer carbon atoms, accounted for 98 + % of the liquid products recovered in each case. Benzene was the main product, followed by naphthalene. No compounds with branched chains or multiple substituents were present, and compounds containing even numbers of carbons comprised 93–99% of each mixture. Acetylene was a major component of the gaseous effluent from each of the initial hydrocarbons. The effect of temperature on the composition of the gaseous effluent during pyrolysis of methane, ethane and ethylene was determined. Carbon film deposition from methane commenced at about 1273 K; from ethane at 1015 K and from ethylene at 1100 K, in each instance coinciding with the appearance of acetylene in the effluent. As the temperature was raised, at first the increase in the rate of carbon deposition closely followed the increase in the concentration of acetylene in the effluent. It is proposed that acetylene may be a common factor in the pyrolysis of aliphatic hydrocarbons, perhaps acting as the precursor of both surface carbon and aromatic hydrocarbons by a process of head-to-tail linkage of two-carbon units at active surface sites to form chains that then undergo dehydrogenation to carbon or cyclization and desorption as aromatic species.     

Synthesis of fine powders of KTP-group compounds of stoichiometric composition

Precipitation of crystalline monophase nanopowders (50-100 nm in diameter) of stoichiometric binary orthophosphates of titanyl and alkaline metal in aqueous solutions has been studied. It has been shown that, in the formation of those powders, titanyl hydrophosphate can be used as a precursor. Rising temperature and alkaline ion concentration in the solution decrease the size of the powder grains, while elongating the exposure of the synthesized solid phase in the suspension increases grain sizes. An effective technique to synthesize fine-dispersed powders of monophase stoichiometric binary orthophosphates of titanyl and alkaline metal has been developed.     

谈化学教学过程中哲学观点的应用

高职阶段学生的辩证逻辑思维开始占优势，在化学教学过程中贯彻应用哲学观点既有利于学生辩证逻辑思维的开发，又能更好地掌握化学学科的思想精髓。     

Effects of the degree of unsaturation of coexisting triacylglycerols on cholesterol oxidation

In order to evaluate the effects of the degree of unsaturation of triacylglycerols on cholesterol oxidation, mixtures of purified sardine oil triacylglycerols (iodine value, IV=182.6) and cholesterol; of partially hydrogenated sardine oil triacylglycerols (IV=174.5) and cholesterol; and of fully hydrogenated sardine oil triacylglycerols (IV=92.0) and cholesterol were incubated at 25°C in the dark. The oxidative stability of the samples decreased with increasing degree of unsaturation of the triacylglycerols in the sample mixtures; the induction period for peroxide values (PV) of the sardine oil triacylglycerols and cholesterol was shorter than that of the partially hydrogenated sardine oil triacylglycerols and cholesterol. Certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the constituent fatty acids of sardine oil triacylglycerols started to decrease after a shorter induction period compared with that of the partially hydrogenated triacylglycerols. The prominent cholesterol oxides accumulated in the samples were 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, β-epoxide and cholestane triol. The tendency for accumulation of cholesterol oxides in the time course coincided with the changes in PV as well as the decrease in PUFAs. Cholesterol was oxidized in conjunction with autoxidation of coexisting fish oil triacylglycerols. Although lowering the degree of unsaturation of fish oil triacylglycerols was effective in prolonging the induction period of cholesterol oxidation, the rate of cholesterol oxidation in the cholesterol oxides' formation phase after the induction period was not affected by the difference in the proportion of highly unsaturated fatty acids in the natural and partially hydrogenated triacylglycerols of fish oils.