Impact in Scotland of UK and EC Sewage Legislation

The EC Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment has far-reaching financial and technological implications for local authorities in Scotland which are responsible for sewerage. Increased capital consent limits and additional financial assistance from central government are essential if the requirements of the legislation are to be met.
Although the Directive is welcomed in general terms, the sections of the legislation dealing with the identification of sensitive waters and the provision of primary treatment for coastal discharges to less sensitive waters are of limited environmental significance in Scotland.
The elimination of sewage sludge disposal at sea will create severe difficulties for Scottish authorities as a high percentage of sewage sludge is currently disposed of at sea. Each of the main alternative disposal options presents environmental, financial and technical problems and, in the case of incineration, the certainty of widespread unpopularity with the public.     

Effect of the EC Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive on Marine Treatment Practice

The EC Directive on urban wastewater treatment will have a considerable impact on the methods used for the treatment and disposal of sewage at coastal locations. The Directive requires the natural processes involved in marine treatment to be enhanced by the use of land-based treatment to meet the same standards.
This paper discusses the implications of this change, in particular the problems involved in constructing and operating conventional treatment plants at coastal locations. Planning problems, both locally and on a catchment basis, are considered. It is concluded that these difficulties point to a need for new thinking in catchment planning and in the design and construction methods used for treating wastewaters in coastal communities. This is illustrated with UK and continental examples.
In addition, the implications in terms of outfall design are discussed. It is shown that the change of emphasis towards land-based treatment does not necessarily reduce the need for a high degree of dilution and dispersion in the sea in order to meet environmental standards. As a result, sound planning, design and operation of long sea outfalls remain as important as ever.     

Pollution in the coastal waters of Hong Kong: case studies of the urban Victoria and Tolo Harbours

Rapid population growth and industrialisation resulted in severe pollution in Hong Kong's urban harbours. Victoria Harbour is located in the centre of Hong Kong and received substantial discharges of untreated sewage and industrial effluents but even the formerly rural Tolo Harbour experienced serious pollution as a consequence of excessive nutrient loadings from livestock wastes and wastewaters following the development of new towns around its shores. This paper provides an overview of the marine ecological disturbance and pollution pressures in Hong Kong coastal waters and discusses the measures adopted to intercept and improve wastewater discharges that consequently led to improvements in coastal water quality in local harbours.     

结合教学需要开展生活污水处理工程建设浅析

针对高校在进行生活污水处理工程建设过程中,如何将环境保护专业的相关实践教学要求考虑进去,建设具有生产与教学双重功能的污水处理系统的问题,从专业教学需要、污水处理工程设计两方面进行分析,并结合具体工程建设实例,提出了建设这类污水处理工程需要注意的几个问题.     

关于小区生活污水排放的几个方案

近年来,经济的发展使城乡人民的生活水平不断提高,然而污水管网及污水处理设施发展滞后,严重影响了群众的居住环境和生活质量。为治理环境污染,各种类型的污水处理技术应运而生。     

An Appraisal of the Potential Health Impacts of Sewage Disposal to UK Coastal Waters

The discharge of sewage to the unique UK coastal environment has been a traditional and cost-effective means of treatment for many decades. This disposal option is increasingly questioned by professionals with public-health responsibilities as well as by environmental pressure groups. There are limited firm data on the epidemiological significance of existing disposal practices: the established prospective methods, developed by North American workers in this area, have not provided a scientifically-robust, epidemiological, research protocol. This leaves a scientific vacuum for those with operational and policy responsibilities in this important and sensitive area of water resource management.     

船舶生活污水处理技术研究

结合国内外现状及实船调查资料,对船舶生活污水的水量及水质特征进行研究,分析了影响船舶生活污水处理的因素,介绍了船舶生活污水处理的国内外研究现状,并探讨了处理技术的研究方向.结果表明,船舶生活污水排放的水力负荷变化较大,水质随不同船型和卫生设备类型及排水系统形式有较大差异.膜生物法用于船舶生活污水处理具有良好的应用前景,国内应针对船舶生活污水处理开展相关研究.     

餐饮业污水处理及隔油器应用

对餐饮业污水排放现状进行了研究,分析了餐饮业污水的主要成分,依据餐饮业污水处理方法及隔油池原理,总结出了餐饮业隔油器造型计算的方法,以期有效去除餐饮业污水中的油脂和悬浮物,实现废水的达标排放。     

污水处理厂水池结构设计问题探讨

近年来,在环保和治理工程快速发展的推动下,大型污水处理厂不断增多。在整个污水处理厂中,水池是较为重要的组成部分之一,它的结构设计质量优劣直接关系到污水处理效果。基于此点,本文就污水处理厂水池结构设计展开探讨。     

苏州地区农村生活污水治理研究

加强农村生活污水的收集和处理,积极探索并全面实施适应农村实际的污水处理方案,是当前农村环境保护的重点和难点。随着太湖流域水环境治理力度的不断加强,农村生活污水的有效治理已成为苏州改善区域水环境质量的重要工作。通过调查苏州农村生活污水排放现状与常用处理工艺,深入分析了苏州农村生活污水排放体制及其治理适用技术,对所采用的处理工艺进行成本分析和技术总结,并对苏州农村生活污水治理的进一步完善提出建议。     

胜利油田污水回注处理及资源化利用新技术研究

胜利油田目前随着“三次采油”的进行以及环保要求的日益严格,采出水处理技术面临空前挑战.文章介绍了胜利油田采出水水性特点,水量组成,水质需求;重点介绍了常规污水处理、稠油污水处理、强腐蚀性污水处理等污水处理技术以及“双膜”脱盐工艺、“热法”脱盐工艺等污水资源化利用技术.为加强污水资源化、污泥无害化的技术研究与推广应用提供技术支撑.     

Extent of sewage pollution in coastal environment of Mumbai,India: an object‐based image analysis

The coastal water quality of Mumbai is deteriorating by receiving partially treated effluent from wastewater treatment facilities, sewage discharges from ocean outfalls and discharges from point and non‐point sources in the creek and coast. A novel approach of object‐based image analysis has been used in this research study to assess the extent of sewage pollution in the coastal environment of Mumbai. For this, Indian Remote Sensing P6 Linear Imaging Self Scanning IV image was used for multiresolution segmentation and rule‐based image classification as per normalised difference water index and normalised difference turbidity index. Water quality regions as per classification were strongly correlated with observed water quality parameters. Based on classified regions and water quality parameters, extent of sewage pollution in the coast was ranked from high to least polluted. The approach developed in this methodology should be tested in similarly polluted waters to ascertain its adaptability for assessing the spatial extent of sewage pollution.     

VERTREAT污水处理工艺几点优势

介绍加拿大诺曼 (NORAM )公司的VERTREAT污水处理工艺及其较传统污水处理工艺的几点优势。该工艺利用潜置于地下的竖向反应器对城市污水或工业废水进行超深水好氧生物处理 ,从普通深井曝气工艺的基础上进行了进一步的革新和优化改造 ,使反应池体积更小、氧的利用率更高。同传统污水处理工艺相比 ,具有运行费用低、耐冲击负荷能力强、较小的占地面积、对环境影响小等优点。     

ICEAS工艺在住宅小区污水处理站的应用

采用ICEAS工艺处理城市住宅小区生活污水,介绍了6座处理站的工艺流程、技术参数和处理效果。工程实践表明,对于占地要求高、污水流量变化较大、短时间有机负荷和水力负荷冲击较大、水质的均匀性较差的城市住宅小区生活污水,采用ICEAS工艺不失为一种适宜的工艺。     

Isolation and characterization of Bacteroides host strain HB-73 used to detect sewage specific phages in Hawaii

Previous studies have shown that Escherichia coli and enterococci are unreliable indicators of fecal contamination in Hawaii because of their ability to multiply in environmental soils. In this study, the method of detecting Bacteroides phages as specific markers of sewage contamination in Hawaii’s recreational waters was evaluated because these sewage specific phages cannot multiply under environmental conditions. Bacteroides hosts (GB-124, GA-17), were recovered from sewage samples in Europe and were reported to be effective in detecting phages from sewage samples obtained in certain geographical areas. However, GB-124 and GA-17 hosts were ineffective in detecting phages from sewage samples obtained in Hawaii. Bacteroides host HB-73 was isolated from a sewage sample in Hawaii, confirmed as a Bacteroides sp. and shown to recover phages from multiple sources of sewage produced in Hawaii at high concentrations (5.2-7.3 × 10⁵ PFU/100 mL). These Bacteroides phages were considered as potential markers of sewage because they also survived for three days in fresh stream water and two days in marine water. Water samples from Hawaii’s coastal swimming beaches and harbors, which were known to be contaminated with discharges from streams, were shown to contain moderate (20-187 CFU/100 mL) to elevated (173-816 CFU/100 mL) concentrations of enterococci. These same samples contained undetectable levels (<10 PFU/100 mL) of F+ coliphage and Bacteroides phages and provided evidence to suggest that these enterococci may not necessarily be associated with the presence of raw sewage. These results support previous conclusions that discharges from streams are the major sources of enterococci in coastal waters of Hawaii and the most likely source of these enterococci is from environmental soil rather than from sewage.     

谈城市污水治理支持系统的建设

由于种种原因，城市污水治理工程的建设困难重重，因此，亟需建立一个强有力的支持系统。从法制建设，新技术的开发研究，污水回用等方面论述城市污水治理技术系统研究和建设的重要性。并提出从这几个方面同时开展工作，互相协调，可以加快城市污水治理的步伐，保护和改善现有水体环境质量。     

某水疗会所利用污水热泵供冷供热的可行性分析

分析了重庆市主城区某水疗会所项目利用污水源热泵系统进行空调供冷和卫生热水供应的可行性。通过监测该项目的污水温度、污水流量,对污水的取水、退水和污水处理方案进行了技术论证,同时研究了该项目采用污水源热泵系统的经济性、节能性和环保性。结果表明,本项目采用城市污水供冷供热是可行的。     

堆肥处理对排水污泥中重金属的钝化作用

讨论了城市排水污泥中重金属的含量和形态分布特征，分析了堆肥处理对污泥中重金属结合形态转化的影响。根据不同学者的研究结果，提出堆肥处理可降低污泥中Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn等重金属的活性，并指出堆肥处理是降低污泥在土地利用中重金属污染风险的途径。     

微电解处理印染污水应用实例

印染污水具有水量大、色度高、可生化性差的特点。该文就是根据其特点,采用微电解预处理技术应用在印染污水方面的一个实例。并采用了以污治污工艺,以期对微电解技术在污水处理领域的应用能有所借鉴。     

污水源热泵系统应用的节能减排分析

介绍了污水源热泵系统的工作原理及研究现状,以长沙市城市污水实测数据为例,精确计算了长沙市城市污水中可利用的能量,定量比较了污水源热泵系统与空气源热泵系统的节能性能,计算分析了污水热能回收系统的环保性能指标.研究表明:长沙市城市污水中储存的可利用冷(热)量很高;在相同的供热量和制冷量的条件下,污水源热泵空调系统比空气源热泵系统更节能;采用污水热能回收系统,CO2、SOx、NOx、粉尘等4种污染物的削减量特别大,对减轻大气污染具有很显著的效果.由此认为在长沙地区应用污水源热泵系统有明显的节能减排效果.