7050铝合金淬火特性与微观组织

采用温度数据采集系统采集得到盐浴炉等温保温过程中试样的温度变化曲线,通过硬度和电导率测试测定7050铝合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线。采用透射电镜和热分析仪对7050铝合金进行显微组织观察和分析。结果表明:合金TTP曲线鼻温大约在320℃,孕育期约为1.7 s。合金的淬火敏感温度区间为230~410℃,且在此温度区间内,合金硬度随时间的延长而迅速下降。等温保温过程中,合金晶内淬火平衡η相主要依附于晶内Al3Zr等弥散相和细小Al2Cu相形核长大;且随着保温时间延长,淬火析出相的体积分数逐渐增加,晶界析出相趋向于连续分布,无析出带逐渐宽化。等温保温合金经时效后,晶内析出GPⅡ区及η-相数量随着等温保温时间的延长逐渐减少,使得合金性能降低,合金表现出一定淬火敏感性。     

7003铝合金的淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火的实验方法,结合合金淬火态电导率和时效态硬度的测试拟合得到7003铝合金的时间-温度-转化率(TTT)曲线和时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,利用透射电镜(TEM)并结合Avrami方程研究了7003铝合金在等温过程中的组织变化。结果表明:当7003铝合金在相同温度下等温时,随保温时间延长,淬火态电导率呈上升趋势,时效态硬度呈下降趋势。透射电镜分析发现,在鼻温附近随保温时间的延长,晶粒内部析出相尺寸和间距变大,晶界析出相尺寸和间距变小,晶界无沉淀析出带变宽。实验用7003铝合金"C"曲线的鼻尖温度约为280℃,其孕育期约为10 s,淬火敏感温度区间较小,仅在鼻温附近淬火敏感性较高,而低温区和高温区淬火敏感性较低。实验用7003铝合金在线淬火时在鼻温附近应该以大于4℃/s的速度冷却,以抑制各种物相的析出。     

1933铝合金锻件的TTP曲线

利用分级淬火的方法测定了1933铝合金锻件硬度及电导率的时间—温度—性能(time-temperature-property,TTP)曲线。结果表明,TTP曲线呈"C"形,淬火敏感区间为265～355℃(200 s内硬度值下降10%),TTP曲线的"鼻尖"温度大约在310℃,在此温度下,硬度下降10%的临界时间为100 s。微观组织观察表明,在敏感区间内,平衡相η在晶界及Al3 Zr与基体的界面上优先形核析出,并快速长大,导致合金过饱和度的下降,降低了时效强化的效果。与目前公布的其他Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金的TTP曲线对比,1933铝合金的"鼻尖"温度低,临界时间长,淬火敏感区间窄,因此淬火敏感性较低。     

6351铝合金的淬火敏感性

采用分级淬火的实验方法,结合合金时效态硬度和淬火态电导率的测试拟合得到6351合金的TTP和TTT曲线,并采用透射电镜对6351合金的淬火敏感性进行研究.结果表明,当6351合金在相同温度下等温时,随着保温时间延长,淬火态电导率呈上升趋势,时效态硬度呈下降趋势.透射电镜分析发现,在等温初期,过饱和固溶体分解形成针状的β”相;随着保温时间延长,逐渐形成棒状β'相和片状β相.TTT和TTP曲线的鼻温为360℃,淬火敏感温度区间为230～430℃.在鼻温附近等温相转变最快,低温区相转变次之,高温区最慢.淬火因子分析结果表明,要获得最佳的力学性能,淬火敏感温度区间的冷却速率需大于15℃/s.     

四种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金淬火敏感性研究

采用第一性原理在JMatPro7.0软件的Al基数据库完成4种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时间-温度-转变(TTT)曲线和CCT曲线计算。结果表明:7055合金的主合金元素总量及Cu含量最高,TTT曲线和CCT曲线在左上方;7085合金的Cu含量最低且Zn/Mg比值最高,TTT曲线和CCT曲线在右下方,平衡相析出的孕育期最长,开始析出温度和鼻尖温度最低,合金的淬火敏感性最低;7075合金Zn/Mg比值最小且晶内存在非共格的E(Al_(18)Cr_2Mg_3)相,合金的淬火敏感性最高。实验研究表明与冷却速率960℃/s处相比,冷却速率1.8℃/s处7075、7055、7050和7085 4种合金淬火态的电导率差值和时效态的硬度下降率均减小,硬度下降率分别为35.5%、19%、13.8%和9.5%,此处4个合金固溶体的晶格常数及淬火析出相的尺寸及面积分数依次减小,因此其淬火敏感性依次降低。     

6061铝合金的淬火敏感性研究

采用中断淬火/时效处理获得时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,结合透射电镜(TEM)微观组织研究了6061铝合金的淬火敏感性。结果表明,6061铝合金TTP曲线的鼻尖温度约为340℃,中温区(230~445℃)淬火敏感性较高,而高、低温区淬火敏感性较低。合金在鼻尖温度保温过程中,粗大平衡相依附于富铁相(AlFeSi)粒子不均匀形核析出,减小了基体中溶质原子溶度,削弱了后续时效强化效果。适当提高淬火敏感区的冷却速率和降低高、低温区的冷却速率,这既可保证合金较佳的力学性能,又减小淬火应力。     

钪锆复合添加对Al-Zn-Mg合金淬火敏感性的影响

以Al-5. 7Zn-2. 0Mg和Al-5. 7Zn-2. 0Mg-0. 10Sc-0. 10Zr(wt%)合金为研究对象,通过分级淬火方法,获得两种合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,结合淬火因子分析法及电子显微分析技术,对比研究了钪锆复合添加对铝锌镁合金淬火敏感性的影响。结果表明:Al-Zn-Mg和Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的鼻尖温度分别为300℃和290℃,淬火敏感区间分别为230～350℃和170～380℃,临界淬火速率分别为2℃/s和8℃/s。钪锆添加提高铝锌镁合金淬火敏感性的原因主要为:在淬火连续冷却过程中,当淬火冷却速度较慢时,Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金存在的纳米级Al_3(Sc,Zr)粒子会成为粗大时效相η(MgZn_2)的异质形核中心,降低了过饱和固溶体的稳定性。     

6005A合金的淬火敏感性

利用TTP曲线的测定和透射电镜分析对铝车车体大型材用6005A合金的淬火敏感性进行了研究。结果表明，6005A合金的HB与σb的TTP曲线鼻温均在370℃左右，高温区淬火敏感性并不太高，但中温区(280～400℃)淬火敏感性极高，低温区则介于二者之间；大型材生产中在线挤压后淬火时，型材出口温度最好应大于480℃，自480℃空冷到分解危险温度400℃时间最好小于60s，此后要快速淬火通过中温危险区。透射电镜分析表明：随着等温时间的延长，6005A合金过饱和固溶体不断分解为平衡析出相Mg2Si，强化效果减弱，同时抑制了强化相β′的析出，合金的力学性能也随之降低。     

淬火析出对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时效行为的影响(英文)

采用硬度测试、光学显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究淬火和时效(T6、T7、RRA)对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金微观组织的影响。研究发现水淬合金经T6时效后的硬度最高。T7和RRA时效后样品的淬火敏感性相当,较T6时效的高1.2%。TEM观察表明,合金的淬火敏感性主要是由缓慢冷却时非均匀析出引起的。大量η相在再结晶晶粒内的Al3Zr弥散粒子和(亚)晶界上形核,而S和T相在有高密度位错和缺陷的亚结构区生成。时效后,平衡η相周围的η'相更加粗大。经T6、T7、RRA处理后,这些析出相的尺寸和形貌呈现出不同的特征。DSC结果与TEM观察结果一致。T6态的DSC曲线和T7、RRA态的不同,反映了不同的微观组织。     

Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-0.8Cu-0.14Zr合金的淬火敏感性研究

利用分级淬火方法测定了Al-7.8Zn-1.6Mg-0.8Cu-0.14Zr合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)C曲线,并通过观察等温保温过程中显微组织和过饱和固溶体晶格常数的变化规律,对合金的淬火敏感性进行了研究。结果表明,合金的淬火敏感温度区间为233~396℃,鼻温为321℃,孕育期为13.829 s。在不同温度下等温时,晶格常数随时间延长先增大后减小,鼻温处的晶格常数值最大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.