从煤焦油洗油中提取喹啉和异喹啉的研究

从煤焦油洗油中提取高纯度喹啉和异喹啉，考察了萃取剂及其质量分数、pH值对提取率的影响，得出最佳条件：萃取剂为硫酸氢铵，硫酸氢铵质量分数为20％，pH值0．8～1．0，喹啉和异喹啉的提取率大于75％。     

萃取-分光光度法测定1-羟乙基-2-烷基-2-咪唑啉

本文提供定量测定1-羟乙基-2-烷基-2-咪唑啉的方法。该法采用有机溶剂萃取分光光度法，以氭仿为萃取剂，最大吸收波长λ=485um，水相酸度PH=3.6。用Ⅱ号橙为显色剂，中间体含量在2～20×10~(-3)g/L时，吸收值A与浓度C呈良好线性。方法的标准偏差为0.37～0.89％。分析时间2小时。     

利用液体离子交换剂提取铅

利用液体离子交换剂LIX34从铅的醋酸盐溶液中提取铅是一种非常有效的萃取方法。其最佳提取液PH值为9.5～10。实验证明溶液中含铅量与萃取剂浓度之间存在着线性关系。温度的变化对提取与解吸影响不大。通过计算得出的萃取热函(熔)值为-196焦耳/克分子,解吸热函为225焦耳/克分子。     

从葡萄酒渣中提取花色苷的研究

研究了溶剂、温度、时间、萃取次数与葡萄酒渣中花色苷和多酚的提取率之间的关系，从五种试验溶剂中选择出最佳萃取剂为０．２％ＳＯ２＋０．２％柠檬酸溶液。探讨了以二氧化硫溶液作提取剂时影响花色苷提取率的主要因素     

超临界萃取油茶多酚的研究

研究了以油茶籽为原料、采用夹带剂超临界CO₂萃取油茶多酚的工艺。通过单因素实验分别考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、夹带剂浓度（乙醇水溶液）、夹带剂流速及萃取时间对油茶多酚提取率的影响。研究确定最适宜提取条件为：萃取温度55 ℃、萃取压力30 MPa、夹带剂为75%乙醇水溶液,夹带剂流速1.5 mL/min、萃取时间1.5 h,此时油茶多酚的提取率为1.26%。研究表明,超临界萃取油茶多酚具有工艺简单、溶剂用量少、提取率高和生产周期短等优点。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取姜黄素的工艺研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取植物姜黄中姜黄素的工艺条件，研究了原料粒度、奉取压力、萃取温度及夹带剂使用情况对姜黄素提取率的影响。通过研究，我们得出超临界二氧化碳萃取姜黄素的最佳提取工艺条件：原料粒度1mm，萃取压力28MPa，萃取温度45℃，夹带剂使用量3000ml。实验结果表明：利用超临界二氧化碳可以有效地从姜黄中提取姜黄素，提取率在98％以上，并成功地进行了工业化生产。     

盐酸介质中三辛胺对钴的萃取行为研究

研究了在盐酸介质中三辛胺对钴的萃取行为，通过考察水相盐酸浓度、温度、调相剂浓度、不同稀释剂下萃取剂浓度对萃取率的影响以及反萃时间等因素，得出在盐酸浓度为2mol·L^-1、35％的温度下振荡30min、萃取剂体积分数为25％、加入10％的调相剂，用200#芳烃溶剂油作稀释剂时，萃取效果较好，萃取的综合效益较高，具有较高的实际应用价值。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的微量钴

文章研究了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量钴。以8-羟基喹啉（8-HQ）作为钴的络合剂,以Triton X-100为表面活性剂进行浊点萃取。探讨了影响浊点萃取的因素,如溶液的pH,络合剂的浓度,表面括性剂的浓度,缓冲溶液的浓度,加入表面活性剂后的平衡温度和时间。该方法具有低毒,高效,安全,简便等特点,并用于自来水、湖水、江水、雨水中微量钴的溯定,其富集率最高可达100％,回收率在90％～100％之间,方法可行。     

铜萃取剂Mac12萃取性能的研究

采用国产化工原料合成了Mac12铜萃取剂，用Mac12萃取剂进行了萃取剂用量、有机相与无机相相比、pH值试验、萃取动力学试验、萃取热力学试验、反萃动力学试验、反萃剂酸度试验，得到了较好的萃取效果，萃取率≥93％，反萃取率≥96％。     

落叶松中二氢槲皮素的提取工艺研究

采用正交试验法研究落叶松中二氢槲皮素的提取工艺。考察了萃取温度、固液比、萃取时间、萃取次数、pH值、沉淀剂用量及乙酸乙酯用量等7个因素对二氢槲皮素提取率的影响。确立了落叶松中二氢槲皮素提取的最佳条件是：萃取温度为80℃，原料与水的固液比为1：12，萃取时间为20min，萃取次数为3次，pH值为6，沉淀剂A用量为原料质量的30％，V(溶液)：V(乙酸乙酯)为1：0．7。提取率为0．29％。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.