联苯夹套传热效果研究

对化纤生产中最常用的载热体——联苯混合物的传热效果进行了研究。根据对流传热速率方程及傅立叶定律导出了联苯的对流传热系数α的计算式。并结合生产实际情况,对不同类型的传热装置及联苯在失套中的不同充满情况作了一定的实验研究,求出了各种情况下联苯的对流传热系数a值。并通过比较得出套管换热器应以充满载热体,竖立安装为最佳。     

浅析列管式换热器传热系数的影响因素

列管式换热器传热方式是热传导和对流传热同时进行的,本文通过Nusselt准数关系式、Reynolds准数关系式、Prandtle准数关系式等对影响传热系数因素-换热器结构、流体物理性质和污垢热阻等进行分析。以便在设计过程中合理调整结构参数使换热器获得最佳性能。     

褐煤的对流热解特性实验研究

在固定床热解过程中引入对流气体,考察了对流气体流量、对流气体温度、煤样粒度对褐煤热解过程传热和热解产物的影响;试验表明:随对流气体流量增加,传热系数增加,流量小于1.0 L/min时,引入的对流气体能及时带出热解过程逸出的挥发分,避免了挥发分的二次裂解,能提高焦油产率;为提高褐煤热解过程的转化率,热解温度与对流气体温度之差不能超过50℃;随煤样粒度增大,传热系数增加,热解气产率增大,20~30 mm时焦油产率最大,10~30 mm时半焦产率最大。     

动力型热管内R134a流动沸腾传热过程的特性

针对动力型热管内两相流沸腾过程复杂未知,实验复现性差的问题,搭建了动力型热管两相流沸腾传热实验装置,对水平管内R134a工质沸腾传热过程的沿程阻力特性及对流传热系数进行了实验研究,并将获得的实验数据与前人总结的压降、对流传热系数计算关联式进行对比分析。研究表明,Muller-Steinhagen-Heck压降关联式的积分值与实验结果吻合较好,误差在±10%以内;Mohseni关联式在干度大于0.1时所得对流传热系数与实验结果具有较好一致性,误差在±10%以内,但在干度小于0.1时存在较大偏差,部分误差已超30%,为此重新拟合了干度小于0.1时的对流传热系数关联式。该结果可为该类换热器的实验研究、数值模拟及优化设计提供有效的理论参考标准。     

柱形流化床传热特性的数值模拟

对Shedid等搭建的圆柱体流化床采用欧拉?欧拉法进行三维数值模拟,考察了颗粒球形度、表观进气速度和床料初始堆积高度对流化床内垂直加热壁面与流动床料之间对流传热特性的影响,采用有效导热系数分别计算气相和固相的对流传热系数。结果表明,随表观进气速度增大,流化床内颗粒物料湍流运动加剧,加热壁面平均温度和流体平均温度下降,壁面流体间传热平均温度差减小,壁面流体间对流传热系数增大;随初始床料高度增加,流化床内颗粒与加热壁面的接触面积增大,导致固相平均对流传热系数增大。     

超临界压力下水在倾斜管内传热特性的研究

以水为工质,在倾角α=14°和10°、压力22.0～28.OMPa、质量流速600～1400kg/(m~2·s)、内壁热负荷250～410kW/m~2的参数范围内,研究了水(特别是在大比热区附近)的传热特性.针对微倾斜管中,内壁面既非定壁温也非定热流的边界条件下,成功地提出了二维温度场计算方法,从而获得了传热系数、努赛尔特数等.分别在传热恶化前及传热恶化后两个区域内关联了传热系数数据.对于超临界流体在最大比热区附近呈现的特殊传热特性规律进行了分析,并研究了倾斜管中由于浮升力引起的自然对流对各参数沿周向分布的影响.     

低Reynolds数条件下水流纵掠长冰柱沿方位角传热特性

通过实验研究了低Reynolds数条件下水流纵掠长冰柱过程的沿方位角相界面移动规律及传热特性。改变水流速度、水流温度、冰柱尺寸及冰柱初始温度等控制参数,采用非接触测量方法获得了冰柱融化图像,基于影像实验数据与冰柱相界面传热系数之间的映射关系,分析了沿方位角对流传热系数等传热参数的变化规律。结果表明：各测量点的沿方位角Nusselt数不同,随着融化过程的进行,各测量点的沿方位角Nusselt数值均先增大后减小,整个融化过程中间某处存在最大值;其余实验控制参数不变的条件下,沿方位角对流传热系数均随着水流速度或水流温度的增大而增加;获得了水流纵掠冰柱融化过程Nu_φ、Gr、Re、Pr、Ste及φ之间的关联式。     

用电化学方法研究水平管束核沸腾传热的强化机理

本文采用电化学方法研究了水平管束核沸腾传热的强化机理。对流传热和薄层导热传热是管束核沸腾传热的两重要机理。与单管管外池沸腾传热相比,管束沸腾传热系数的提高是对流传热系数和薄层导热传热系数共同增加的结果。     

含气液两相的搅拌釜内盘管外侧的对流传热特性研究

许多强放热反应,若温度控制不当,易引发物质分解产生气体,进而恶化相关反应过程,甚至引发事故,因此对浸没在含气液两相搅拌釜内的盘管外侧对流传热系数进行研究尤为重要。以空气和水分别作为气相和液相,在直径D=0.300m的标准椭圆形底搅拌釜内进行非稳态传热实验,研究了桨型、桨径、转速和表观气速对盘管外侧对流传热的影响。结果表明,在低转速下,通入气体能够显著增加釜内的湍动程度,使管外对流传热系数明显增大,在高转速下,对于大搅拌桨,其气体的表观气速过小时,通入气体会使对流传热系数减小。通气量一定时,在较高通气速率和高搅拌转速下,随着转速增大,对流传热系数反而减小。引入通气数对实验数据进行拟合关联。研究结果对反应釜的优化设计及反应过程的控制具有参考价值。     

纳米流体对流传热的研究进展

将纳米颗粒加入到传统换热介质中形成的纳米流体是一种新型的强化传热介质。它不仅具有较高的单相对流传热系数,而且分散稳定,不容易磨损和堵塞管道。文中综述了纳米流体在对流条件下强化传热的实验研究进展及强化传热模型,并对实验结果和强化传热的机理及模型进行了简要分析。发现:纳米流体强化对流传热的效果与颗粒和基液的属性等有关;强化传热主要是由于导热系数的增加和纳米颗粒的运动及重新分布引起的物性变化等影响。同时提出了纳米流体对流传热研究中存在及有待改进的一些问题。     

砂芯涂料烘干方式的选择

分析了砂芯涂料全对流加热、全辐射加热方式的吸热特点及利弊,通过各方案技术性分析,确定砂芯涂料烘干炉以悬链输送工件、强制对流换热与辐射加热相结合的加热方式为佳。     

A stochastic interpretation of convective transport enhancement by external force fields

The enhancing effect of external force fields on convection occurring at solid-fluid interfaces is interpreted by means of a simple stochastic relationship derived from the Erlang formula in the theory of Markov processes.     

吹瓶机加热装置热力学分析及节能措施的研究

基于自然对流的基本原理建立了吹瓶机加热装置的耗能数学模型 ,并提出了一种降低能耗的方案 ,经实验验证该方案是可行的 ,对于设计节能型吹瓶机具有重要的现实指导意义     

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM SHORT INCLINED CIRCULAR CYLINDERS

Free and forced convective heat transfer rates from circular cylinders whose length to diameter ratio is small have been experimentally measured. The cylinders were arranged with their axes in a vertical plane and tests were conducted with the axes set at angles of between 0° and 90° to the horizontal. In the forced convective tests the cylinders were exposed to a horizontal air stream. The majority of the tests were undertaken with models having diameters of 19 mm and 25 mm with length to diameter ratios of between 1.5 and 16. The heat transfer rates were determined by the transient method i.e. by using solid aluminum models, heating them and measuring their temperature-time variation while they cooled. Significant differences between the present results and those observed in previous studies with models having large length to diameter ratio have been found. Methods of correlating both the free convective results and the forced convective results have been derived.     

Free convection heat transfer over a horizontal plate at low prandtl number

Boundary layer equations for free convection heat transfer along a semi-infinite horizontal plate are derived by giving more importance to the energy equation. The equations are obtained for low Prandtl number and two separate polynomials are used to approximate the temperature and velocity profiles in these regions. The rate of heat transfer is compared with the available analytical and numerical results based on conventional boundary layer equations.     

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM SHORT INCLINED CIRCULAR CYLINDERS

Free and forced convective heat transfer rates from circular cylinders whose length to diameter ratio is small have been experimentally measured. The cylinders were arranged with their axes in a vertical plane and tests were conducted with the axes set at angles of between 0° and 90° to the horizontal. In the forced convective tests the cylinders were exposed to a horizontal air stream. The majority of the tests were undertaken with models having diameters of 19 mm and 25 mm with length to diameter ratios of between 1.5 and 16. The heat transfer rates were determined by the transient method i.e. by using solid aluminum models, heating them and measuring their temperature-time variation while they cooled. Significant differences between the present results and those observed in previous studies with models having large length to diameter ratio have been found. Methods of correlating both the free convective results and the forced convective results have been derived.     

恒热流直管中纳米流体对流传热的实验研究(英文)

In this work, the laminar convective heat transfer performance and the pressure drop of water-based nanofluids containing Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles flowing through a straight circular tube were experimen-tally investigated. The experimental results showed that addition of small amounts of nano-sized Al2O3 and TiO2 particles to de-ionized water increased heat transfer coefficients considerably, while the SiO2 nanofluids showed the opposite behavior attracting the authors’ interests. An average of 16%and 8.2%increase in heat transfer coefficient were observed with the average of 28%and 15%penalty in pressure drop for Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids.     

Effects of anisotropic scattering of radiation in laminar forced convection in a parallel-plate duct

Effects of anisotropic scattering to heat transfer in hydrodynamically-developed, thermally-developing steady laminar forced flow of a gray fluid between two infinite parallel plates are investigated for the case when the inlet temperature of the fluid is less than the wall temperature. An implicit finite difference scheme is applied to solve the energy equation, while the high order P_N method is used to solve the radiation part of this problem. The effects of the anisotropy, the conduction-to-radiation parameter, the optical thickness, the reflectivity of the plates and the inlet temperature on the local Nusselt number are studied.     

化学清洗在炼油厂加热炉上的应用

详细阐述了炼油厂生产装置的加热炉对流段炉管的腐蚀情况，通过对腐蚀原因的分析，采用了化学清洗的方法进行清洗，效果很好。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT TRANSFER FROM A SPHERICAL SOLID BODY UNDER PULSATING FORCED CONVECTION

Heat transfer from a solid sphere having a Biot number Bi ? 0.1 to a flow medium in a cooling process under pulsating forced convection is experimentally examined. In the experiment, two kinds of pulse modes, which are the type of pulsating forced convection with continuous feed and the feed type mixing forced and natural convection, are considered as a pulse feed technique. Initially, the evaluation method of the Nusselt number Nu is derived in the cooling process and the validity of that method is verified by comparison with the experimental results. With regard to the effect of pulsating feed, it is shown that the pulsating feed conditions have a great influence on the characteristics of the heat transfer. The enhancement of heat transfer under the condition of the forced convection pulsatively fed with continuous feed is recognized, and the characteristics of heat transfer for the pulsating feed including natural convective heat transfer region are aggravated. Besides, it is clear that the decrease in the heat transfer characteristics is dependent on the duration of the natural convective heat transfer. Furthermore, Ranz-Marshall correlations for each pulsating feed condition are presented.