新型钢框架梁柱节点研究进展综述

针对钢框架梁柱节点的焊缝在地震中易脆性断裂的问题,可采用使节点塑性铰外移的方法来解决此问题。国内外研究表明,削弱式节点、加强型节点和高耗能节点均能使塑性铰外移,提高节点的耗能能力,避免焊接端的脆性破坏。但以上节点的梁段在震后产生的塑性铰不利于节点的修复,因而对梁柱节点的研究逐渐趋向于震后可恢复性及可修复功能,并提出具有可恢复功能的节点。文中对各类新型节点的研究现状进行综述,着重介绍了高耗能节点及可恢复功能节点,并提出了节点研究进程中尚需解决的问题,以期为日后节点的研究提供参考。     

钢管桁架节点效率系数研究

为对桁架节点受力性能及其与桁架整体力学性能的相互关系进行研究,基于已有的桁架节点承载力及刚度计算方法,得到了桁架节点承载力效率系数和刚度效率系数两个无量纲参数。其中节点承载力效率系数定义为腹杆轴力作用下节点承载力与腹杆发生强度破坏承载力的比值,节点刚度效率系数则定义为腹杆轴力作用下节点轴向刚度与腹杆线刚度的比值。在此基础上,给出了考虑节点力学性能影响的钢管桁架抗弯刚度及承载力简化计算方法,对工程常见参数范围内的矩形及圆形钢管桁架节点承载力、刚度效率系数进行参数分析。结果表明：桁架节点刚度及承载力效率系数实质上反映了钢管桁架节点与腹杆力学性能的量化相互关系,其可在桁架层面对不同类型的节点力学性能进行比较,还可以作为节点力学性能评估和方案优化设计的通用评价指标;依据节点承载力、刚度效率系数可对钢管桁架抗弯刚度及承载力进行快速、准确地估算;为避免桁架由于节点失效过早发生破坏,建议将节点承载力效率系数大于0.8且节点刚度效率系数大于5的桁架定义为满足“强节点弱构件”设计理念的桁架。     

梁柱刚性连接节点研究

介绍了梁柱刚性连接节点的概况,结合美国北岭地震和日本阪神地震中节点破坏的现象,分析了目前梁柱刚性连接节点存在的问题。最后根据最新的国内外研究成果,总结了新型梁柱刚性节点形式——狗骨式节点,并提出了一种较理想的狗骨式节点。     

空间结构铸钢节点的应用研究进展

铸钢节点以其独特的优势在工程中得到了广泛应用,国内外很多重大工程在关键部位均采用了此类节点。结合近年来国内外的研究进展,从应力分布特点、构造细部、疲劳和刚度等方面总结了铸钢节点的应用研究现状,并对铸钢节点的相关方面进行了分析讨论,指出铸钢节点在发展过程中的难点与问题。最后,对铸钢节点有待解决的问题给出建议并对其未来需要研究的方向进行展望。     

带节点板角钢连接梁柱节点试验研究

带节点板角钢连接梁柱节点具有较为广泛的应用,但目前对此类节点的力学性能尚缺乏完备的理论和试验研究,在设计中往往将此类节点简化为铰接连接或其他类型的连接形式。通过试验研究和有限元分析对其抗弯性能进行研究。对具有3种构造形式的带节点板角钢连接梁柱节点分别进行静力试验和滞回试验,得到每个试件的弯矩-转角曲线和破坏形态;利用有限元分析带节点板角钢连接梁柱节点在力学性能上与其他节点形式的不同。     

钢管混凝土柱新型梁柱节点--环梁节点

介绍一种新型钢管混凝土环梁节点 ,将这种节点与现行钢管柱规程中节点进行优缺点比较 ,并介绍了这种节点的各种构造与施工方法及工程应用情况。     

新型钢框架梁柱节点连接综述

对几种国内外设计研究常用的新型钢框架节点种类与构造进行了介绍,其中以国内学者的相关研究为主线,从削弱式梁柱节点、加强型梁柱节点、高耗能式梁柱节点、可恢复式梁柱节点等。从新型梁柱节点四大类型研究入手,以及另外几种新型梁柱节点形式,有扩翼式、蜂窝式等新型节点。从受力性能、滞回曲线、抗震性能等主要三个方面,进行了对比研究分析阐述,以及对未来钢框架结构体系中新型梁柱节点连接形式的发展趋势提出了一些构想和展望。     

节点域箱型弱轴连接全焊加强型节点抗震性能分析

为了更全面地对比分析节点域箱型弱轴连接不同局部加强型节点的抗震性能,以及局部构造对节点的抗震性能及破坏形态的影响。采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立多种不同局部加强型节点有限元模型,并将不同局部加强型节点与标准型节点在承载能力、滞回性能、刚度、断裂指数、退化性能、破坏形态及塑性铰形成位置等方面进行对比分析,同时结合国内节点域箱形弱轴连接研究课题组的试验和已有的焊接节点试验,验证了有限元模拟的准确性。研究结果表明:节点域箱型弱轴连接节点局部构造形式可以改善节点的破坏形态,实现塑性铰的外移,防止节点脆性断裂;采用节点域箱型弱轴连接的节点形式,同时考虑抗震及经济性等指标,腋板加强型节点承载力及刚度有较大的提高且滞回曲线饱满,耗能性能及延性也较好。因此建议节点域箱型弱轴连接的节点应采用腋板加强型节点。     

哈尔滨万达滑雪场钢结构关键节点设计

由于整体结构的复杂性,哈尔滨万达滑雪场钢结构节点种类较多,体积较大,形式复杂,节点设计难度很大。重点介绍了典型关键节点,包括高区巨型框架柱交叉节点、楼面桁架节点、屋面桁架节点、抗风桁架与屋面连接节点计算及设计原则、优化和细化过程、构造细节及加强措施。并对上述节点进行了三维整体有限元分析,旨在保证滑雪场节点美观安全、经济合理、方便施工,为大型滑雪场类工程提供一些可借鉴的设计经验。     

削弱型钢框架梁柱节点研究现状

指出加强型节点和削弱型节点是目前实现延性钢框架的主要措施,重点介绍了两种削弱型节点：狗骨式节点和腹板开圆孔型节点,分别描述了两种节点的结构形式、受力特点、削弱参数及抗震性能,以期指导实践。     

钢框架刚性节点脆性断裂性能研究

以直接扩翼型、侧板加强型、翼缘板加强型、盖板加强型、狗骨削弱型和普通节点作为研究对象,对比分析6种钢结构典型刚性节点发生脆性断裂的可能性。研究采用ANSYS非线性有限元方法建模,以等效塑性应变指数(PI)和开裂指数(RI)作为断裂性能的判断指标,通过对比各类型节点的应力分布,分析3条指定路径和4个关键点的开裂指标,综合研究6种典型刚性节点的断裂性能,给出各类节点发生脆性断裂的关键位置,并得到翼缘板加强型节点防脆断能优于其他类型节点的结论。     

框架节点在地震中的脆性断裂破坏分析

通过对美国北岭地震和日本阪神地震两个地震破坏实例的概述,分析了钢结构节点脆性断裂的原因,提出了梁柱节点防止地震脆性断裂破坏的措施,从而进一步提高钢结构的抗震可靠度。     

Dynamic failure of structural joint systems

Transportation structures rely heavily on the use of structural jointing based on fixing systems such as bolting or welding. Experimental work in this paper offers some insight into the differences between the static and dynamic failure of some joint configurations made using these methods. The main emphasis of this paper is on the examination of a simple dynamic failure of a spot welded lap joint in thin sheet materials that are used extensively in vehicle construction. A comparison is made with similar bolted type lap joints.     

碗扣式钢管脚手架节点受力性能研究

针对目前市场上大量使用的碗扣式钢管脚手架,采用非国标与国标两种碗扣式脚手架节点受力性能对比试验的方法,对碗扣节点的半刚性进行了研究。得出了非国标管碗扣的壁厚较薄是造成其碗扣节点先于钢管的屈服而发生脆性断裂破坏主要原因的结论,提出了上碗扣壁厚应不小于6mm以及应加强碗扣式脚手架在生产、租售和使用中有关法规制定和监督落实的建议。     

含浅层节理的岩体层裂数值模拟研究

冲击荷载作用下的岩体层裂是围岩屈曲失稳及岩爆的重要诱发因素。为研究围岩内部浅层节理对层裂行为的影响,采用相关键元胞力学模型(Correlated Lattice Bond Cell-CLBC)对此问题进行数值模拟研究。为了便于分析,以冲击荷载作用下不含节理的石梁层裂作为参考,将其层裂裂纹作为参考裂纹,层裂位置作为参考位置。相对于参考位置,分别在石梁中预设平行裂纹和斜裂纹组(相对于参考层裂裂纹),然后模拟相同荷载作用下的层裂行为。研究结果表明:浅层节理是否对岩体层裂产生影响取决于其相对参考层裂的位置和夹角。当平行节理位于参考层裂以内(远离自由面)时,平行节理对层裂没有影响;而当其处于参考层裂以外(近于自由面)时,应力波将其拉开、扩展,形成阶梯状层裂。对于斜节理组情形则更为复杂,但对于不同斜节理组其共同点都会在参考位置处产生层裂,并且表层岩石(层裂以外)都会被切割成块体沿斜节理方向弹出。当斜节理组位于参考位置以内时,斜节理发生扩展至自由面;当其位于参考位置以外时,只是在参考位置发生层裂;而当其跨越参考位置延伸至自由面时,在参考位置以内会产生平行于斜节理的衍生裂纹。该研究揭示了含浅层节理的岩体层裂规律,为分析围岩层裂行为提供了有意义参考,进而为进一步分析围岩屈曲失稳和岩爆提供必要的前提。     

Prediction of brittle fracture initiating at ends of CJP groove welded joints with defects: study into applicability of failure assessment diagram approach

A series of tests, which reproduced brittle fracture starting from the region around the terminations of complete joint penetration groove welded joints, was conducted. The joint models under study represented a portion of welded beam flange-to-through diaphragm joints in beam-to-column connections. Various artificial weld defects were installed in the welded joints prior to testing. Test results were evaluated based on the failure assessment diagram approach specified in BS 7910. The conventional failure assessment diagrams predicted occurrences of brittle fracture erring on the very conservative side as expected, especially when applied to surface defects. The failure assessment diagram approach was modified by considering the effect of enhanced apparent toughness of material due to the loss of crack tip constraint. The modified failure assessment approach was found to predict the test results well.     

Review on the modelling of joint behaviour in steel frames

Steel portal frames were traditionally designed assuming that beam-to-column joints are ideally pinned or fully rigid. This simplifies the analysis and structural design processes, but at the expense of not obtaining a detailed understanding of the behaviour of the joints, which in reality, have finite stiffness and are therefore semi-rigid. The last century saw the evolution of analysis methods of semi-rigid joints, from the slope-deflection equation and moment distribution methods, to matrix stiffness methods and, at present, to iterative methods coupling the global and joint structural analyses. Studies agree that in frame analysis, joint rotational behaviour should be considered. This is usually done by using the moment-rotation curve. Models such as analytical, empirical, experimental, informational, mechanical and numerical can be used to determine joint mechanical behaviour. The most popular is the mechanical model, with several variances (e.g. Component Method). A summary is given of the advantages and disadvantages and principal characteristics of each model. Joint behaviour must be modelled when analysing semi-rigid frames, which is associated with a mathematical model of the moment-rotation curve. Depending on the type of structural analysis required, any moment-rotation curve representation can be used; these include linear, bilinear, multilinear and nonlinear representations. The most accurate representation uses continuous nonlinear functions, although the multilinear representation is commonly used for mechanical models. This article reviews three areas of steel joint research: (1) analysis methods of semi-rigid joints; (2) prediction methods for the mechanical behaviour of joints; (3) mathematical representations of the moment-rotation curve.     

Experimental study of semi-rigid joint systems subjected to bending with and without axial force

Socket joints and bolt-ball joints are typical semi-rigid joint systems widely used in spatial structures. In this paper, tests on fifteen joints are carried out to study their mechanical behavior. Three socket joint systems are subjected to bending moment and shear force, and another seven socket joint systems and five bolt-ball joint systems are subjected to bending moment, shear force and axial compressive force. The main characteristics of the moment-rotation relationship for the connections under different loading schemes are summarized and discussed. The results indicate that: (i) both socket and bolt-ball joint systems have good bending stiffness; (ii) the axial compressive force increases the initial bending stiffness of the joints; (iii) the axial compressive force has different effects on the bending moment capacity of different joints; and (iv) the yield process of moment-rotation curves of the joints is shortened due to the action of the axial compressive force.     

强震下钢框架梁柱焊接连接的断裂行为

本文介绍了１９９４年美国Ｎｏｒｔｈｒｉｄｇｅ地震和１９９５年日本阪神地震中的钢框架梁柱焊接连接的断裂模式。结合Ｈ形梁 Ｈ形柱节点低周反复荷载试验的断裂现象，指出梁柱焊接连接脆性断裂对节点承载力影响极大，而脆性断裂的原因主要有焊接缺陷、构造不合理及设计方案欠妥等。最后，以降低梁柱焊接连接缺陷敏感度为目标探讨了脆性断裂的预防。