Fe3O4@SiO2核壳磁性纳米材料的制备及其对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

首先通过溶剂热法制备了磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,随后采用SiO_2对其进行包覆形成了Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、磁性能分析和吸附性能分析等对Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料进行了表征。结果表明,合成的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料具有Fe_3O_4和SiO_2两种晶型结构,SiO_2成功包覆在磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子上,SiO_2并没有对各组织的结构和成分产生较大影响;Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料的粒径在200～400 nm左右,且呈核壳式的结构,内层Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的颜色较深,外层SiO_2的颜色较浅;Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料在室温下的饱和磁化强度为76.31 A·m~2/kg,剩余磁化强度几乎为0;Fe_3O_4@SiO_2核壳磁性纳米材料对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附在1 500 min时达到饱和,去除率最高为63%,最大吸附容量可达120 mg/g,其对Cu(Ⅱ)具有较好的吸附效果。     

两种磁性纳米颗粒(Fe_3O_4、Fe_3O_4@柠檬酸)的制备及其在DNA提取分离中的应用

采用溶剂热法制备表面修饰柠檬酸的磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子和磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,并对其粒径大小、晶体结构和磁性能进行表征,并考察其用于DNA提取分离的效果。结果表明,两产物均为立方晶系的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒。磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子和表面修饰柠檬酸的磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的平均粒径为411.1nm和586.3nm。当全血体积200μL、磁性纳米粒子用量2.0mg时,提取的DNA浓度最高分别为270.6ng/μL(Fe_3O_4)和466.4ng/μL(Fe_3O_4@柠檬酸)。     

Au/Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子的合成及表征

报道了一种合成具有巯基官能团修饰的Au/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的新方法。采用共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒,并在此基础上用聚(烯丙胺)溶液还原HAuCl4,制得Au/Fe_3O_4磁性核壳纳米颗粒,再用3-巯基-1-丙磺酸钠修饰Au/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,最后得到具有巯基官能团稳定的Au/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)分别对产物的微观结构及磁性特征进行表征。     

核—壳结构的磁性聚乳酸复合微球的制备与表征

利用辛酸亚锡作为催化剂,在经过乙醇酸修饰的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子表面直接通过开环聚合丙交酯得到核-壳结构的磁性聚乳酸复合微球,聚乳酸与磁性粒子表面之间的作用力为化学键。从产物的TEM可以观察到聚乳酸包覆在磁性纳米粒子的表面;通过对羟基乙酸修饰的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的红外光谱和所制备的复合微球的红外光谱的比较进一步证明了磁性粒子表面聚乳酸的生成;聚乳酸的含量通过产物的TG-DTA计算约为8%。所得到的磁性聚乳酸复合微球能够很好的分散在氯仿等对聚乳酸的良性溶剂中,并且通过磁性测试显示其具有超顺磁性,在生物医药领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

磁性荧光双功能纳米材料Fe_3O_4/CS@CQDs的制备与表征

以化学共沉淀法制备出Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,通过壳聚糖(CS)修饰制备得Fe_3O_4/CS磁性微球,再将Fe_3O_4/CS磁性微球与表面富含羧基的碳量子点(CQDs)连接,合成了以碳量子点为荧光材料的磁性荧光双功能纳米微球Fe_3O_4/CS@CQDs。经过红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光分光光度计、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、荧光显微镜及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对该纳米材料表征。结果表明:双功能纳米微球Fe_3O_4/CS@CQDs饱和磁化强度达到13.66emu/g,分散性良好,粒径约为45nm,具有良好的荧光性能及磁响应性,有望取代以半导体量子点作为荧光材料的磁性复合材料,在生物医学等方面得到广泛应用。     

海藻酸钠修饰磁性纳米粒子驱动液及其正渗透分离性能

通过微乳液共混沉淀法制备了海藻酸钠(SA)修饰的Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子Fe_3O_4-SA,该粒子具有良好的分散性和磁响应性.采用红外、透射电镜、磁滞回线和热失重等对磁性纳米粒子的结构和性能进行表征,同时对该磁性纳米粒子与去离子水的混合液作为驱动液时的正渗透(FO)分离性能进行了测试.结果表明,SA成功包覆在Fe_3O_4粒子表面,粒子的粒径约为20 nm,80 g/L的Fe_3O_4-SA磁性纳米粒子与去离子水的混合液渗透压达到1 270 mOSM/L,以此混合液作为FO过程的驱动液时,渗透通量可以达到2.04 L/(m~2·h),并且该驱动液具有较低的反向溶质通量,当驱动液质量浓度为80 g/L时,反向溶质通量约为0.04 g/(m~2·h),大大低于NaCl和SA的反向溶质通量,这说明该驱动液具有较好的FO分离性能.     

纤维素水凝胶包覆Fe_3O_4类Fenton纳米催化剂的制备及其催化降解性能

采用纤维素水凝胶包覆Fe_3O_4颗粒,制备得到核壳结构的羧甲基纤维素聚丙烯包覆Fe_3O_4类Fenton纳米催化剂(CMC-co-AA/Fe_3O_4),并应用于降解偶氮染料酸性大红GR。考察了体系pH值、催化剂用量、染料初始浓度等参数对降解效果的影响。SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明水凝胶成功地包覆在Fe_3O_4颗粒表面,且壳层厚度为20~30nm。XRD分析显示,包覆层不影响纳米Fe_3O_4的晶型结构,纳米催化剂在使用过程中仍保持Fe_3O_4磁响应性能,能够有效地分离回收。相比传统的Fe_3O_4纳米催化剂,包覆型CMC-co-AA/Fe_3O_4纳米催化剂水溶液显示出了较好的均一分散性。且当pH3直至中性条件下,此时传统未包覆的Fe_3O_4纳米催化剂对酸性大红GR的降解率为0,而CMC-co-AA/Fe_3O_4纳米催化剂的降解率仍能维持36%,说明了水凝胶壳层结构赋予CMC-co-AA/Fe_3O_4纳米催化剂较宽的pH适用范围。重复试验表明,该纳米催化剂在循环使用四次后,对染料的降解率仍能保持98%左右。     

纳米纤维素/Fe3O4纳米球的原位合成及其电化学性能

利用实验室自制茶梗纳米纤维素原位合成纳米纤维素(CNC)/四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)纳米球,并对其粒径大小、结晶性质、磁性性能和电化学性能进行分析表征。结果表明,通过原位合成法所制得CNC/Fe_3O_4纳米球,粒子间分散性良好,直径约为10～30 nm;CNC/Fe_3O_4纳米球具有磁化强度34.9 A·m~2/kg的磁特性;CNC/Fe_3O_4纳米球表现出良好的电化学性能,CNC/Fe_3O_4电极的比电容主要是Fe_3O_4产生的赝电容,在电流密度0.03 A/g时,比容量可达30.14 F/g,在0.04 A/g电流密度下,经过500次充放电后容量保持率为78.76%。CNC/Fe_3O_4电极中离子的扩散为Warburg机理。     

磁性纳米四氧化三铁在生物医学中的应用

近年来,由于磁性纳米粒子在实际应用中发挥越来越重要的作用,有关磁性纳米粒子的应用受到科学界广泛关注,特别是生物医学领域。由于磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子制作简单且晶体对细胞无毒,在生物医药领域大量应用,磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子主要通过表面包覆成为免疫磁性微球进行使用。简述了磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子的制备方法,重点综述了近些年磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子在生物医学上的应用,包括磁共振成像技术、磁分离技术、靶向药物载体技术、肿瘤热疗技术、造影剂技术,并且阐述了磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子的发展前景。     

Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)核壳结构微球负载银/铂纳米粒子复合催化剂的构筑及催化性能

本工作采用无皂乳液法合成出具有核壳结构的四氧化三铁@聚(苯乙烯-co-十八醇马来酸聚乙二醇双酯)(Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG))磁性聚合物复合微球,并以此为载体制备Ag/Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG)和Pt/Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG)两种复合催化剂。借助透射电镜和动态光散射表征复合催化剂的形貌和尺寸,并通过紫外可见吸光光度法测试它们的催化性能。实验结果表明两种复合催化剂对硝基苯和4-硝基苯酚的硝基加氢还原反应均具有良好的催化性能。相比Ag/Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG),Pt/Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG)催化活性更高,这可能与Pt/Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG)催化剂中Pt纳米粒子本身的高催化活性和在磁性聚合物载体上较大的比表面积有关,还有可能归因于Pt纳米粒子在Fe_3O_4@P(St-co-OBEG)上的分布更均匀。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.