含硅及特殊结构本质阻燃环氧树脂

对含硅和特殊结构本质阻燃环氧树脂以及协同本质阻燃体系进行了评述。与添加型阻燃环氧树脂、含卤本质阻燃环氧树脂和和含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂相比,含硅和特殊结构本质阻燃环氧树脂具有阻燃效率高、阻燃持久、物理性能较少受影响、环境友好等优势。含硅和特殊结构环氧树脂符合绿色阻燃趋势。采用协同阻燃效应有助于进一步提高基材的阻燃性能。含硅和特殊结构本质阻燃环氧树脂存在制备工艺复杂、生产成本较高等问题亟待解决。     

含磷阻燃环氧树脂体系研究进展

简要介绍了磷系阻燃剂作为一类新型无卤阻燃剂的特点和阻燃机理,重点综述了含磷阻燃环氧树脂体系的含磷固化剂、含磷环氧化合物及含磷环氧半固化物和添加磷型阻燃的进展,并通过热稳定性、成炭率和极限氧指数（LOI）等阻燃性能参数揭示了各类方法的阻燃效果,最后对含磷阻燃环氧树脂体系研究的未来进行了展望。     

反应型含磷阻燃剂的应用研究进展

含磷阻燃剂具有低烟无毒、阻燃效果好的特点,是典型的无卤阻燃剂。本文阐述了含磷阻燃剂的阻燃机理,综述了将反应型含磷阻燃剂引入聚氨酯、环氧树脂和丙烯酸树脂等体系中所采用的不同改性方法,这些反应型阻燃聚合物均是主链或侧链含磷。本文还对近几年来国内外关于含磷阻燃剂在这些体系中的应用研究进展进行了概述,提出未来应加深对阻燃剂协同机理及含磷阻燃剂水性化和光固化的研究。     

阻燃环氧树脂研究进展

综述了近来含硅、含氮、含磷阻燃环氧树脂以及磷/氮协同阻燃环氧树脂及环氧纳米阻燃材料的研究进展。     

含磷环氧树脂及其在无卤阻燃覆铜板中的应用研究进展

针对含磷环氧树脂在覆铜板无卤阻燃及其它方面的广阔应用前景,简述了含磷阻燃剂的阻燃机理,详细介绍了反应型含磷阻燃环氧树脂体系的研究状况,并指出含磷环氧树脂的发展方向。     

改性三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐与不同无机氢氧化物复配阻燃含磷环氧树脂研究

采用分子复合改性三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(M-MCA)与无机阻燃剂氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁复配阻燃含磷环氧树脂。通过UL94垂直燃烧(VB)、微型燃烧量热分析(MCC)、极限氧指数(LOI)等测试对阻燃材料的燃烧性能及行为进行了表征,同时采用热失重(TGA)分析方法对阻燃材料相应的降解历程和阻燃机理进行分析。结果表明,M-MCA与氢氧化铝(ATH)组合体系对含磷环氧树脂具有显著协同阻燃效果,而与氢氧化镁(MH)则表现出对抗效应,对上述协同及对抗阻燃机理进行了分析和讨论。     

无卤阻燃含磷环氧树脂体系的研究进展

综述了磷系阻燃环氧树脂体系的研究进展与现状。介绍了含磷阻燃体系的特征与阻燃机理,以及磷系阻燃环氧树脂磷元素引入的方式,包括添加型、反应型以及含磷固化剂。简述了现阶段磷系阻燃环氧树脂所存在的一些问题。     

无卤阻燃含磷环氧树脂的研究进展

无卤阻燃含磷环氧树脂中的磷成分具有气相和凝聚相的双重阻燃作用,且材料本身降解产物不产生可持续性环境污染物,因而作为环境友好型阻燃材料而被广泛研究。本文综述了近年来关于含9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲10-氧化物(DOPO)环氧树脂体系（包含DOPO环氧树脂、DOPO基固化剂和添加型DOPO改性聚合物）、磷酸酯型环氧树脂体系（包括磷酸酯环氧树脂、环状磷酸酯环氧树脂、磷酸酯型固化剂）、含磷固化剂以及磷腈环氧树脂和磷-硅环氧树脂的研究进展,介绍了每种体系的性能特点。总结了含磷环氧树脂的阻燃性能、热性能、阻燃机理,以及磷-氮协同效应、磷-硅复合二元体系的阻燃机理。     

含磷本质阻燃高聚物研究进展

本质阻燃高聚物阻燃效能持久,不存在挥发、溶出及迁移的问题,且可实现分子内协同阻燃效应,又为环境兼容,故近年日益崭露头角。文中综述了这方面的一些最新研究进展,包括本质阻燃环氧树脂、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺及聚氨酯等,它们均为分子主链或侧链带含磷基团的无卤型高聚物。文中主要介绍了其合成方法及性能。     

DOPO型含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂的研究进展

9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）及其衍生物可以用于合成含磷环氧树脂及环氧固化剂,制备反应型的本质阻燃树脂;此类阻燃树脂阻燃效果持久、阻燃效率高,已成为当今阻燃剂研究开发领域的主攻方向。本文就结构型DOPO基含磷本质阻燃环氧树脂的合成及应用研究进行了综述。     

含磷阻燃剂的应用研究进展

磷系阻燃剂作为一种高效、无烟、低毒、无污染的阻燃剂,备受研究者关注,已经在合成和应用等方面取得了显著成就。本文对近年来磷系阻燃剂的阻燃机理及应用进展作了简要综述,分别对新型含磷阻燃剂在聚氨酯、聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫、环氧树脂、多酯类与尼龙在这四方面的应用来说明含磷阻燃剂最近的研究进展,例如:RXP在聚氨酯上的应用,DEEP在聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫上的应用等。     

新型磷／氮协同阻燃环氧树脂的合成与性能

以双酚A环氧树脂E－51与DOPO（9,10-dihydrooxa-20－phosph henanthrene－10-oxide）合成含磷环氧树脂（ED）,以三聚氰胺与苯酚反应制备含氮的酚醛固化剂MFP。采用红外光谱对产物进行分析表征,采用热失重分析和UL94V垂直燃烧测试考查树脂的热性能和阻燃性能,同时探讨了阻燃环氧树脂的力学性能。结果表明,随着含磷量的增加,环氧树脂的热稳定性和阻燃性能得到改善,当含磷量为3％时,环氧树脂的初始分解温度高达330℃以上,在700℃下的残炭率达到30％以上,阻燃性能均达到了UL－94 V—0级。而试样的力学性能则随含磷量的增加而降低。     

Preparation and properties of halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins with phosphorus-containing siloxanes

Novel epoxy resin modifiers, DOPO–TMDS and DOPO–DMDP were synthesized by addition reaction of divinylsiloxane with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins were obtained through modification of o-cresol novolac epoxy resin cured by phenol novolac resin using DOPO–TMDS and DOPO–DMDP which were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR and FT-IR measurements. Effects of the phosphorus-containing siloxanes on thermal stabilities, mechanical properties and flame retardant properties of the epoxy resins were investigated. The cured epoxy resins exhibited better mechanical properties and greatly improved flame retardant properties due to the presence of phosphorus-containing siloxanes. The cured epoxy resins with phosphorus loading of 2.0 wt% showed LOI values of 32–33 and achieved UL94V-0 ratings.     

不同POSS对磷⁃硅协同阻燃环氧树脂性能的影响

将两种多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)分别与9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)基有机磷阻燃剂(D-bp)复配,制备了磷-硅协同阻燃环氧树脂,并对其阻燃、热、力学和动态力学性能等进行分析.结果表明,在磷含量仅为0.25％(质量分数,下同)时,磷-硅协同阻燃环氧树脂就能达到UL 94 V-0级...     

Synthesis and properties of flame‐retardant epoxy resins based on DOPO and one of its analog DPPO

Two phosphorus‐containing heterocyclic flame retardants ‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and 2,8‐dimethyl‐phenoxaphosphin‐10‐oxide (DPPO) ‐ and their derivatives were characterized and incorporated in the backbone of epoxy novolac to obtain flame‐retardant epoxy resins. The structures and spectroscopic data including high‐resolution mass spectroscopy of these flame retardants were determined. Flame‐retardant epoxy resins with a phosphorus content of up to 2% based on heterocyclic DOPO and DPPO were cured with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and their features were examined by UL 94, LOI, and DSC. In this manner, high‐performance polymers with glass transition temperatures around 190°C and the UL 94 rating V0 were obtained. These polymers were compared with epoxy resins incorporating diphenyl phosphite and diphenyl phosphate, which are nonheterocyclic and do not pass the UL 94 test up to 2% phosphorus. DPPO has a similar flame retardancy like the commercially available DOPO. Furthermore, to explain the difference in the efficiency of the tested flame retardants, key experiments for the determination of the active species during the flame‐retarding process were performed and the PO radical was identified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007.     

阻燃PBT的耐侯性能研究

考察了溴系阻燃剂、磷氮系阻燃剂对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）力学性能、耐光老化性能的影响，还研究了酸吸收剂对阻燃PBT材料的力学性能、紫外线稳定性的影响。结果表明，钙锌稳定剂能提高卤系阻燃材料的耐侯性能，无卤阻燃PBT的耐侯性能优于卤系阻燃PBT（1000h，△E≤3）。     

Green synthesis and characterization of phosphorus flame retardant crosslinking agents for epoxy resins

The flame‐retardant efficacy of phosphorus‐containing reactive amine hardeners for epoxy resins is well‐known; however their synthesis often applies hazardous, objectionable reagents. The aim of this work is to develop an effective synthesis method for the preparation of P‐containing amines, which can act as flame‐retardant crosslinking agent in epoxy resins. The syntheses and testing of an aliphatic and two aromatic amines are described: curing properties, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and flame‐retardant performance of the amines are studied. On the basis of these results, the scaling‐up and the optimization of the synthesis of the phosphorus‐containing aliphatic amine hardener in ReactIR? in situ FTIR apparatus is discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40105.