中国和其他发展中国家的综合资源规划及需求侧管理

１综合资源规划综合资源规划ＩＲＰ是电力公司为了满足未来的电力需求,对不同的选择方案进行评估的一个规划过程;在满足可靠性需求和其他目标的同时,选择电力供应成本最小的最佳资源组合方案。对于传统的电力公司规划,规划者首先考虑的是必须满足的需求、能够达到的可靠性、可行的政府政策和制度。然后选择燃料、电厂、配电系统的类型和模式,寻找满足这些目标的费用最少的电力购买方案这些费用是电力公司维持和运行电力系统所必须的。这里选择的规划方案仅来自供应侧目的是供应更多的电能与电力系统需求侧的方案减少电力…     

鼓励电力公司实施DSM的若干政策建议

一、问题的提出综合资源规划（IntergretedResoursesPlan,简称IRP）或称作最小成本计划（LeastCostplan,简称LCP）是70年代末期首先在美国和西欧工业化国家兴起的一种用于电力工业的新的计划规划方法膜式）。它与传统的规划、计划方法的本质区别是：规划计划方案的选择范围以及相应的成本效益准则（指标）的涵盖范围和内容不同。传统的电力规划是根据预测的电力负荷需求,选择各种类型的装机方案,以满足未来负荷需求,是属于供应侧计划范围。综合资源规划是根据未来用电需求,对各种供应侧装机方案、需求测管理（节电、提高用电效率…     

基于路径描述的配电网电力廊道规划方法

配电网工程的落地依托于充足的电力廊道资源,而电力廊道规划方案的合理性也将影响到后期配电网建设的经济性。为科学指导廊道的选择,提出一种基于路径描述的配电网电力廊道规划方法。首先根据电力廊道与配电网网架之间的耦合关系,搭建电力廊道连通性模型;然后采用深度优先遍历算法获得满足廊道建设情况的供电路径集合。基于此,以电力廊道综合规划费用为廊道规划方案的评估依据,搭建了配电网电力廊道双层规划模型。最后采用嵌套离散粒子群优化算法进行优化求解,外层粒子群算法以电力廊道综合规划费用最小为优化目标,内层粒子群算法以配电网运行规划成本最小为优化目标。算例分析表明,所述模型可兼顾后期配电网建设的可行性与经济性,得到满足负荷需求的电力廊道最优规划方案,有利于提前对廊道站址进行保护,为配电网建设提供参考。     

考虑需求侧管理的电力规划模型与实证研究

在电力规划中考虑需求侧管理方案从而实现成本最小化是近些年来世界能源领域研究的热点问题.基于我国需求侧管理以及供应侧资源的概况,以综合能源成本为准则,对需求侧以及供应侧的各种资源进行筛选,得出总成本最小的电力资源组合,并以我国某省的实际数据对该模型进行了实证研究,结论证明该方法得出的规划方案成本小于传统规划方法.     

电力综合资源战略规划模型与应用

综合资源战略规划是综合资源规划理念在国家战略规划层面上的扩展,为电力市场条件下实施电力需求侧管理提供了新的理论支撑。文中建立了将作为需求侧资源的能效电厂与供应侧资源同等纳入电力规划的综合资源战略规划模型,该模型以全社会的供应侧与需求侧的总成本最低为目标,以用电量、负荷、能效电厂的装机容量、常规电厂的装机容量、污染物排放水平为约束条件。通过美国综合资源战略规划的算例验证了模型的规划效果,与传统规划预计的结果相比,应用该模型规划可实现全社会的总成本最低,而且减少了供应侧的装机和污染物的排放。     

基于综合资源规划的供需资源优化组合模型

综合资源规划在电力规划中将需求侧资源与供应侧资源同时考虑,能够实现规划的总成本最小。在传统电力规划和相关研究成果的基础上提出一个将需求侧资源与供应侧资源同等纳入电力规划的线性规划模型,在模型中区分不同需求侧管理措施进行量化。该模型同时考虑了用电需求、系统可靠性、资源运行、资源可用性和污染物排放水平5类约束条件。通过算例验证了模型的有效性,与传统规划结果相比,应用该模型规划可实现系统总成本最低并减少污染的排放。     

考虑广义需求侧资源的江苏“十四五”电源规划

通过梳理江苏省电力能源现状及发展潜力,分析了"十四五"规划期间省内电力需求及电力平衡状况;针对江苏省电源发展不协调、系统运行风险提升的情况,提出考虑广义需求侧资源的电源规划方案,利用广义需求侧资源的可调节特性,配合电网电源侧实现电力系统供应侧和需求侧的双侧协调;通过时序运行模拟仿真,评估不同电源规划方案的经济效益、供电可靠性水平等指标,为江苏电网"十四五"期间的电源规划与发展提供了重要参考依据.     

广州电力"十一五"传输网规划方案的探讨

电力传输网的建设是广州电力“十一五”通信规划的重点和难点,文章介绍了广州电力传输网的现状,分析了现有网络存在的主要问题,研究网络承载的业务,并综合电力实际的业务需求和未来发展,充分利用现有光缆资源,提出了“十一五”期间广州电力传输网的完善方案和新建设的传输网的规划方案,以及实际建设中应注意的问题,为电力传输网的构建与实施提供了依据。     

“十四五”期间中国电力需求增长趋势研判

合理确定“十四五”期间电力需求水平是科学编制电力发展“十四五”规划的重要基础,综合考虑宏观经济、电能替代等电力需求影响因素,设置基本、敏感性方案,采用中长期分部门电力需求预测模型,对“十四五”期间中国电力需求水平进行预测。结果表明,基本、敏感性方案,2025年中国全社会用电量分别为9.85万亿kW·h、9.44万亿kW·h,“十四五”期间年均增速分别为5.6%、4.7%。按照电力规划适度超前的原则,建议采用“基本方案”结果作为“十四五”电力规划的边界条件。     

缓解网络阻塞的储能规划综合评价

负荷中心地区受制于土地资源、环境保护等因素,电力建设往往投资造价高、建设进度不受控,导致供电能力无法满足电力需求,产生网络阻塞。针对这一问题,研究了缓解网络阻塞的储能规划综合评价。首先从技术指标、经济指标、建设指标3方面建立了缓解网络阻塞的储能规划综合评价指标体系;然后采用粒子群算法优化储能充放电策略,根据储能容量以及充放电策略计算各指标;最后基于主客观相结合的方法求取各指标权重,实现储能规划方案的综合评价。在粤港澳大湾区某负荷中心地区实际系统进行了算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可为储能系统规划提供参考,并作为电网规划的补充和完善。     

Users' Needs Lighting, Start-Up Power, Transportation, Mechanical Utilities, Heating, Refrigeration, and Production

The needs for emergency and standby power to enhance industrial and commercial power systems are frequently left wanting due to ignorance of the needs or of the systems available to satisfy the needs. This paper discusses various situations which require or desire emergency or standby power and mentions suitable systems for each application. The areas discussed include lighting, start-up power, transportation, mechanical utilities, heating, refrigeration, and production.     

Grades, Quizzes, Motivation, and Computers

The following paper describes the use of a simple FORTRAN computer program that may be used to determine course grades. The program is based on processing a set of IBM punched data cards. Each card contains the name of a student and all of his grades, including the final examination grade. The program may also be used to predict the final examination grade, based on previous quiz grades, and then, in turn, to predict the final course grade. It is thus possible to use this program periodically throughout the entire semester in order to provide the student, as well as the instructor, with a measure of his progress.     

光、城市、生活、未来……——世博轴及地下综合体工程艺术灯光景观

工程介绍 世博轴及地下综合体工程（简称世博轴）位于浦东世博园核心区。南起耀华路,跨雪野路、南环路、北环路、及浦明路,到滨江世博公园。     

Dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet machines

A novel machine family-dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet (RFTPM) machines-is proposed in order to substantially improve machine torque density and efficiency. After the principles of operation, configurations, and features are discussed, the machine design and optimization guidelines are given. A prototype has been designed, built, and tested. The measured torque density of the prototype, which well matches the design value, is almost three times of that of the induction machine with the same power of 3 hp and speed. Meanwhile the efficiency is still kept high and the material cost is kept low by using ferrite magnets. Three novel approaches are proposed to reduce the cogging torque in the RFTPM machines, whose validity is verified by finite-element analysis results and experimental measurements.     

A new soft-switched, thyristor-based, regenerative, quasi-resonant,current regulated inverter

A variety of soft-switching techniques have been proposed to reduce the switching losses and EMI problems that occur with higher switching frequencies in hard-switched converters. In this paper, a new, quasi-resonant, soft-switched, three-phase inverter is presented which uses 12 thyristors as the power electronic switches, and hence has potential for use in high-power applications. The converter is fully current-regulated, suitable for high-performance motor drive applications, and is capable of 4-quadrant operation to allow regeneration back into the DC supply. The operation and the control of the inverter are described in detail and simulation and experimental results are presented     

Industrial system grounding for power, static, lightning, andinstrumentation, practical applications

Practically every structural steel building erected for industrial use incorporates reinforcing steel bars installed in the concrete footings. This, without any additional effort, constitutes a grounding electrode. The quantity of electrodes is directly related to the building area. When the structural steel framework is erected and interconnected, these electrodes are also interconnected in a parallel arrangement. Similarly, high-voltage metal transmission towers are installed using a metal footing base embedded in a concrete filled hole. The four tower legs are effectively in parallel and offer an adequate low ground resistance such that additional electrodes are generally not required. This brings us to the main point: the reinforced concrete footings, reinforced concrete grade beams, and other reinforced concrete structures provide, with a little work, an effective, reliable, and cost attractive system grounding vehicle