基于遗传算法的压气机叶片的多目标三维优化

为了提高轴流压气机的效率,需要研究一种新的高性能的转子叶片.采用人工神经网络与遗传算法寻优相结合的方法对某单级轴流压气机亚音速叶片进行三维叶片型线优化设计.优化目标是尽可能的提高转子叶片的总压比、流量和等熵效率.优化仿真结果显示,流动分离区明显后移,损失显著降低,等熵效率提高了0.48%,同时总压比和流量也都得到了提高,优化叶片的气动性能较原型叶片明显提高.结果表明,优化方法能很好的完成亚音速叶片的优化设计,是获得低损失高效率性能的叶片的有效途径.     

高负荷跨音速轴流压气机的叶型优化设计

研究轴流压气机优化设计问题,在高负荷跨音速轴流压气机相应的叶型优化设计工作中,针对压气机等熵效率过低,由于转子叶顶通道出现流动分离,导致损失过大。为提高等熵效率,结合人工神经网络与遗传算法对压气机转子的吸力面50%叶展以上叶型进行调整。优化后的新叶型可以有效地改善叶顶流动结构,抑制分离,在总压比基本不变的情况下使压气机峰值效率提升约1.7试验证明,叶型优化设计有显著效果,同时也指出了单一优化方案的局限性。     

跨音级轴流压气机转子轮毂非轴对称造型研究

关于优化提高压气机效能问题,由于压气机通道的二次流流动会造成流动损失,引起效率下降.为了解决上述问题,通过改变轮毂端壁结构,可以控制二次流流动,以提高压气机效率.采用人工神经网络及遗传算法的叶轮机械三维优化建模方法,使在最高效率工况下可以保持流量不变,压比不低于优化前.对压气机转子轮毂结构进行了优化,得到新型非轴对称端壁结构,并进行仿真.结果表明,降低了转子通道内的相对总压损失,抑制了下游静叶角区分离,可使压气机提高效率,并能有效控制端壁附近的流动损失,提高压气机效率.     

基于NSGA-Ⅲ的跨声速转子弯掠组合MOO设计北大核心

为提高跨声速压气机转子的气动性能,建立快速有效的轴流压气机优化方案。研究应用贝塞尔曲线(Bezier curve)控制叶片积叠线,利用ANSYS CFX软件建立样本库。基于BP神经网络建立样本库中设计变量(积叠线控制参数)和目标变量(压气机性能参数)之间关系的近似模型。以压气机峰值效率点的绝热效率、压比、流量为优化目标,通过NSGA-Ⅲ多目标遗传算法寻找近似模型的Pareto前沿最优解,最终得到最优的设计变量组合。利用上述方法对跨音速转子Rotor67进行弯掠组合优化设计,研究结果表明:BP神经网络的拟合效果良好,经过优化后的转子的峰值效率点绝热效率、压比、流量分别提高了0.646%、0.873%、0.513%;其堵塞点流量提高了1.0065%,全工况范围内的气动性能均有提升,其稳定工作范围也得到一定程度拓宽,转子内部流动明显改善。     

高超声速进气道设计方法研究

针对超燃冲压发动机二维混压式前体/进气道采用斜激波压缩方法设计总压损失较大的问题,采用等熵压缩的方法对进气道下壁进行了流线化改进设计.利用计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用耦合隐式求解器,标准κ-ω湍流模型,对进气道流场进行数值模拟,分析比较了采用斜激波压缩方法和等熵压缩方法设计的两种进气道的设计点性能和非设计点性能.研究了燃烧室压力升高对进气道/隔离段流场和起动性能的影响.研究表明,与斜激波压缩进气道相比,采用等熵压缩方法设计的曲线上壁进气遭总压恢复系数、流量系数得到明显提高,但其冲压比与前者相比有所降低;进气道进入不起动后,其捕获流量和总压恢复系数急剧下降.     

弹用混压式轴对称进气道开槽数值仿真

为了提高定几何超声速混压式轴对称进气道的性能,应用在进气道不间位置开槽的方法,研究了在各级锥体上、进气道肩部、喉道下游分离区等不同位置开槽对进气道性能的影响;研究了多工况下锥面上开槽时进气道总压恢复系数、流量系数、冲压比和起动性能等产生的影响.研究表明锥面开槽将改变超声速进气道头锥上的压缩性能,从而提高了进气道高马赫数下的总压恢复系数与冲压比,同时能有效降低进气道的重量;在进气道肩部开槽能消除进气道肩部的分离;在进气道喉道下游分离区开槽能改善该位置处的分离.     

某型涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道一体化优化设计

研究大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道优化问题,针对扩张通道轴向长度较短,内部流动十分复杂,边界层气流容易分离等难点,为提高过渡流道气动性能,利用全三维数值仿真的方法对某型大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道进行了数值仿真,并采用遗传算法对初始流道进行了气动性能优化设计.仿真结果表明,过渡流道气动性能对其几何形状变化十分敏感,流量相同条件下,采用优化设计后,涡轮过渡流道压力系数提高,总压损失系数降低,并且流道稳定工作范围也得到改善,结果证明了优化方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于最小熵产的飞机环境控制系统优化分析

针对飞机环境控制系统的优化分析问题,提出采用以热力学第二定律为基础的熵产分析方法。选取起飞、加速爬升和高空超音速巡航为设计点,以系统熵产最小为目标函数,将热交换器效率、压气机和涡轮压力比、引气质量流量作为设计变量,建立优化模型。在优化计算结果的基础上分析设计变量对系统熵产的影响,该分析结果对飞机环境控制系统的优化设计具有一定指导作用。     

带有弯曲静子的压气机数值仿真

针对某两级低速轴流压气机第一级静子通道小流量范围内存在轮毂-角区失速现象,为了提高压气机的效率,采用计算流体力学方法,对第一级静子进行了不同的弯曲变化数值仿真,分析研究了静子弯曲对压气机性能和轮毂-角区失速的影响。结果表明,弯曲叶片能够通过改变静子轮毂表面静压分布,减缓低能流体的横向流动,从而有效地抑制小流量范围内的轮毂-角区失速,压气机的压比和效率得到较大的提升。     

压力位差式层流流量传感技术气体测量适用性研究

压力位差式(PPD)层流流量传感技术应用于气体测量时,需要对流体可压缩性的影响进行验证和评估.本文采用计算流体力学方法,分别采用不可压缩和可压缩流体模型对PPD传感元件内部流动进行仿真分析.结果显示,质量流量相同情况下,采用可压缩模型时,毛细管内部流动总压下降速率比不可压缩模型大,说明气体可压缩性对流动和压损产生比较明显的影响;另一方面,尽管存在压缩性影响,但PPD传感元件中两条支路总压降基本相同,其流阻特性是一致的,说明PPD技术的假设条件是合理的,该新型传感技术对气体流量测量具有适用性.对比传统层流元件和PPD层流元件计算数据,后者流量测量误差减小至少一个量级,能够很大程度上消除非线性影响.在对气体膨胀修正系数Kexp取值的研究中,发现Kexp=1时计算得到的流量与真实流量偏差最小,验证了前人研究结果.文中还通过实验测试对数值计算结果进行了验证.     

Soft computing based multi-objective optimization of steam cycle power plant using NSGA-II and ANN

In this paper a steam turbine power plant is thermo-economically modeled and optimized. For this purpose, the data for actual running power plant are used for modeling, verifying the results and optimization. Turbine inlet temperature, boiler pressure, turbines extraction pressures, turbines and pumps isentropic efficiency, reheat pressure as well as condenser pressure are selected as fifteen design variables. Then, the fast and elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied to maximize the thermal efficiency and minimize the total cost rate (sum of investment cost, fuel cost, and maintenance cost) simultaneously. The results of the optimal design are a set of multiple optimum solutions, called ‘Pareto optimal solutions’. The optimization results in some points show 3.76% increase in efficiency and 3.84% decrease in total cost rate simultaneously, when it compared with the actual data of the running power plant. Finally as a short cut to choose the system optimal design parameters a correlation between two objectives and fifteen decision variables with acceptable precision are presented using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).     

基于接触应力的高参数汽轮机叶片枞树形叶根型线优化

为提高汽轮机叶片叶根型线的设计效率和产品质量,基于接触应力约束下的枞树形叶片叶根型线设计,将传统的基于经验的设计与经典优化理论相结合,推导适合叶根型线的设计方法。采用移动渐近线法（method of moving asymptotes, MMA）进行结构拓扑优化,以某低压末级动叶片设计为例,优化前、后叶根和轮槽的VON Mises应力对比表明,所推导的方法能够快速得到所需的型线设计。该设计使得叶根与轮槽间的接触应力降低,叶片的使用寿命提高。     

Aerodynamic and heat transfer design optimization of internally cooling turbine blade based different surrogate models

This study presents a numerical procedure to optimize the cooling passage structure of turbine blade to enhance aerodynamic and heat transfer. Surrogate model based optimization technique is used with Navier-Stokes analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer with RNG k-epsilon transport turbulence model. The objective function is defined as a nonlinear combination of heat transfer and pressure loss with K-S function. Optimal Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to determine the training points as a mean of design of experiment. Two Loops Dynamic Optimization System (TLDOS) is performed to implement the cooling blade optimization. Blade performance improves obviously, especially the kriging model based system. Result shows a significant impact of rib positions for blade heat transfer but slightly for total pressure loss. Numerical simulation proves the feasibility and validity of the TLDOS methods.     

Reliability based multidisciplinary design optimization of cooling turbine blade considering uncertainty data statistics

Considering the coupling among aerodynamic, heat transfer and strength, a reliability based multidisciplinary design optimization method for cooling turbine blade is introduced. Multidisciplinary analysis of cooling turbine blade is carried out by sequential conjugated heat transfer analysis and strength analysis with temperature and pressure interpolation. Uncertainty data including the blade wall, rib thickness, elasticity Modulus and rotation speed is collected. Data statistics display the probability models of uncertainty data follow three-parameter Weibull distribution. The thickness of blade wall, thickness and height of ribs are chosen as design variables. Kriging surrogate model is introduced to reduce time-consuming multidisciplinary reliability analysis in RBMDO loop. The reliability based multidisciplinary design optimization of a cooling turbine blade is carried out. Optimization results shows that the RBMDO method proposed in this work improves the performance of cooling turbine blade availably.

     

Computational simulation and analysis of double-swept blade in BVI noise reduction

The TURNS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code with the Beddoes prescribed wake and the WOPWOP computational acoustics code is used to study blade-sweep blade–vortex interaction (BVI) noise reduction design. The CFD three-dimensional unsteady solutions of blade surface pressure distributions are used as the input to WOPWOP acoustics computational code to produce the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) on a 3-rotor radiation observer hemisphere around the helicopter rotor. To study the effects of blade sweep on BVI noise reduction, computations are performed on a baseline rectangular blade and a corresponding double-swept blade to better understand the impact of blade sweep on BVI noise reduction in relation to the interaction angle between blade leading edge and the shed tip-vortex. The present study indicates that tip-region blade forward sweep produces favorable BVI angles for dominate BVIs to reduce the maximum BVI noise level on the advancing side, while increasing noise level on the retreating side. Increasing in the noise level on the retreating side as a trade-off for decreasing in the maximum noise level on the advancing side results favorably in the reduction of the overall maximum noise level and in changing the ‘hot’ noise spots into a more desirable ‘less hot’ noise region.     

Multi-objective shape optimization of a hydraulic turbine runner using efficiency,strength and weight criteria

An approach for multi-discipline automatic optimization of the hydraulic turbine runner shape is presented. The approach accounts hydraulic efficiency, mechanical strength and the weight of the runner. In order to effectively control the strength and weight of the runner, a new parameterization of the blade thickness function is suggested. Turbine efficiency is evaluated through numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, while the finite element method is used to evaluate the von Mises stress in the runner. An objective function, being the weighted sum of maximal stress and the blade volume, is suggested to account for both the strength and weight of the runner. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The suggested approach has been applied to automatic design of a Francis turbine runner. Series of three-objective optimization runs have been carried out. The obtained results clearly indicate that simultaneous account of stress and weight objectives accompanied by thickness variation allows obtaining high efficiency, light and durable turbine runners.     

Development of a structural optimization strategy for the design of next generation large thermoplastic wind turbine blades

This paper presents the development of a structural optimization process for the design of future large thermoplastic wind turbine blades. The optimization process proposed in this paper consists of three optimization steps. The first step is a topology optimization of a short untwisted and non tapered section of the blade, with the inner volume used as the design domain. The second step is again a topology optimization, but on the first half of a blade to study the effect of non symmetry of the structure due to blade twist and taper. Results of this optimization step are then interpreted to build a shell model of the complete blade structure to perform composite size optimization based on a minimum mass objective subjected to constraints on deflection, composite strength and structural stability. Different blade models using ribs are then optimized and compared against conventional blade structure (box spar structure without ribs and single web structure without ribs). The use of ribs in wind turbine blade structures, which is more adapted to thermoplastic composite manufacturing than for thermoset composites, leads to slightly lighter blades than conventional blade structures.     

大型水平轴风力机叶片气动性能优化

为提高风力机将风能转化为机械能的效率,根据我国西北地区的风频风能曲线,用最优设计攻角沿叶片轴线的非线性分布修正传统Wilson算法,优化设计大型水平轴风力机叶片的气动性能. 该优化设计利用Matlab优化工具箱,优化速度干涉因子的迭代计算,提高计算效率;考虑多翼型和变攻角等因素对叶片外形优化的影响,从结构及加工工艺角度修正翼型. 通过对1.2 MW 风力发电机组叶片外形的气动性能计算和优化设计,结果表明该优化设计的有效性和可行性,可为风力机叶片外形设计提供参考.