激光功率对 WO3-V2O5-C 镍基熔覆层硬度的影响

采用激光熔覆技术,在45#钢表面制备WO3-V2O5-C镍基熔覆层。分析了熔覆层的显微组织,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度,研究了熔覆粉末中WO3-V2O5-C的含量及激光功率对熔覆层硬度的影响。结果表明:采用WO3+V2O5+C质量分数为25%的熔覆粉末,以1.4 kW功率进行激光熔覆,所得熔覆层硬度最高,平均值高达1400HV0.3,可大大提高材料的耐磨性。     

汽车发动机用AZ91合金的激光表面改性处理

采用预置式两步激光熔覆的方法在汽车发动机用AZ91合金表面进行了等离子喷涂+激光熔覆改性处理,通过金相、扫描电镜、XRD、硬度和极化曲线等测试手段,研究了激光熔覆Al-Si层的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,激光熔覆层主要由α-Al和（α-Al+β-Si）共晶组织组成;激光熔覆层的显微硬度要高于等离子喷涂层,且两种涂层的显微硬度都要高于基体合金;改性层和基体合金的耐腐蚀性能从高至低依次为：激光熔覆层>等离子喷涂层>AZ91合金。     

SCH13钢表面激光熔覆CoNiCrAlY合金

采用2kWCO2激光器在SCH13钢表面激光熔覆CoNiCrAlY合金,选择最佳的工艺参数进行激光熔覆处理,可获得性能优良的熔覆层组织.利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、磨损试验机对激光熔覆层的微观组织形貌、结构及成分、显微硬度和磨损性能进行了系统分析研究.结果表明,CoNiCrAlY合金激光熔覆层与SCH13钢基体存在良好的冶金结合,熔覆层组织细密,无裂纹,稀释率较低,界面处成分均匀平滑过渡;熔覆层主要由γ-Co,FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06,FeNi,CoCx及Cr23C6组成;熔覆层平均显微硬度较基体提高3倍以上,其相对耐磨性较基体提高了3.42倍.     

激光熔覆原位生成增强相强化铁基涂层性能研究

目的 采用激光熔覆技术在304不锈钢表面制备含有碳铬、硼钛化合物及氧化钛等增强相的铁基熔覆层,并对涂层的微观组织及其性能进行研究分析,以期为以后工业化应用提供理论基础.方法 对钛铁(钛质量分数70%)+硼铁(硼质量分数70%)+石墨(纯度99.9%)复合粉末质量分数分别为5%、10%、20%、30%的4种熔覆层(其余熔覆材料为304不锈钢粉末)进行了实验研究,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射对激光熔覆层的微观组织形貌和增强粒子的成分进行研究分析,用光学显微硬度计对激光熔覆层的显微硬度进行测试,用电化学工作站对熔覆层的耐蚀性能进行测试.结果 熔覆层无明显裂纹、气孔等缺陷,与基材结合良好;加入的石墨与钛铁、硼铁在激光熔覆过程中发生了反应,原位生成了Cr23 C6、Cr3 C2、TiO2、Ti1.8 B50等硬质增强相;随着钛铁、硼铁和石墨所占的质量分数增加,熔覆层中生成的硬质增强相含量增加,熔覆层的显微硬度值也随之得到明显提高,其中质量分数为30%的复合粉末熔覆层硬度是基材的3.6倍;激光熔覆试样较基材的耐腐蚀性也随着复合粉末质量分数的增加而提高,其中质量分数为30%的复合粉末熔覆层的耐蚀性是基材的1.58倍.结论 激光熔覆制备含有碳铬、硼钛化合物及氧化钛等增强相的铁基熔覆层较基材性能有明显提高.     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性北大核心CSCD

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

TiC对激光熔覆TiC-Ti-Al涂层结构与性能的影响

为了研究Ti C对激光熔覆涂层结构与性能的影响,运用激光熔覆技术在Ti Al合金表面制备Ti-Al-Ti C涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、XRD、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对所制备涂层的显微组织、物相及成分、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能等进行了测试。结果表明:在含有20%微米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(A涂层)内,增强相Ti C生长较为发达,整体呈树枝状形态,枝晶生长方向较为杂乱,熔覆质量较差;而在含有10%纳米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(B涂层)内,增强相Ti C的形貌为颗粒状和长条状,在熔覆层内分布较均匀,生长方向较规律;在含有20%纳米级Ti C的激光熔覆层(C涂层)内,增强相Ti C的形貌主要为颗粒状和细杆状,熔覆层内组织生长发达,致密,熔覆质量较好。添加纳米级Ti C的涂层在显微硬度和耐磨性上优于添加微米级Ti C的涂层,涂层中纳米Ti C含量由10%上升到20%时,涂层显微硬度和耐磨性均有明显提高。     

镁合金表面激光熔覆Fe合金

采用热喷涂+激光重熔两步法工艺对镁合金表面进行激光熔覆Fe-Ni-Cr-B-Si合金;对熔覆层进行了微观分析及性能测试.结果表明:熔覆层主要由FeCr、FeNi和AINi3等相组成,熔覆层的显微硬度、耐腐蚀性及耐磨损性能郜明显高于基体.     

Ti811合金表面激光熔覆涂层微观组织及性能研究

目的研究Ti811合金表面激光熔覆涂层的微观组织及磨损性能。方法利用激光熔覆技术,在Ti811合金表面激光熔覆原位合成了Ti C+Ti B2增强镍基复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究了熔覆层的物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能,并利用二维点阵错配度理论对Ti C的细化机理进行分析。结果激光熔覆涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,熔覆层生成物相主要由Ti C、Ti B2、Ti2Ni和γ-Ni组成,其中Ti C呈等轴枝晶状和花瓣状,Y2O3的(111)面与Ti C的(110)面之间的二维点阵错配度为6.813%,Y2O3作为Ti C的非均质形核核心为中等有效。熔覆层的平均显微硬度为913.93HV0.5,约为基体Ti811硬度的2.4倍。熔覆层摩擦系数稳定在0.45～0.52之间,磨损机理主要为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损。结论采用激光熔覆技术能够在Ti811合金表面成功制备Ni基复合增强涂层。熔覆层中Y2O3颗粒具有细晶强化、弥散强化、增加形核率的作用,熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度与良好的耐磨损性能。     

40CrNiMoA钢表面激光熔覆铁基合金的组织及力学性能研究

利用激光熔覆技术在40CrNiMoA钢表面制备铁基合金熔覆层。利用显微硬度计测试熔覆层的硬度;利用万能力学实验机进行拉伸实验,测试了熔覆层的力学性能;利用SEM观察熔覆层表面及断口的显微组织。结果表明:激光熔覆铁基合金组织表面平整光滑、无气孔、无裂纹,具有金属光泽,与基体形成良好的冶金结合。熔覆层表层到底部的显微组织依次为等轴晶、树枝晶和柱状晶,激光熔覆层的整体硬度均高于基体。熔覆层的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为990 MPa、693 MPa、18.2%,断口呈现大量韧窝,实现了强度和塑性的同步增强。40CrNiMoA钢表面熔覆铁基合金组织能够有效地改善力学性能,以达到延长其使用寿命的目的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.