基于卷积神经网络的图像分类算法

针对传统图像分类方法分类精度不高的问题,文章采用了两层卷积和池化的卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)算法来对图像进行分类。从不同方面将CNN与支持向量机(Support Vector Machines, SVM)、反向传播算法(Back Propagation, BP)进行图像分类的准确率对比,实验结果表明,CNN算法图像分类的准确率高于其它两种算法。     

基于细胞图卷积的组织病理图像分类研究

针对传统CNN（Convolutional Neural Network）在组织病理图像分类中存在的两个问题：其一,受限于内存大小,CNN无法对高分辨率的病理图像直接进行训练,这不可避免地破坏了细胞之间的空间结构信息,且无法学习全局的特征信息;其二,病理图像中的正常细胞和癌变细胞均有自身的病理学图像特征并且在空间上具有一定的关联性,但在结构化的二维阵列图像中无法被充分的表达。提出一种基于细胞图卷积（Cell-Graph Convolutional Network,C-GCN）的组织病理图像分类方法,将高分辨率的病理图像转换为图结构,在传统的GCN中将GraphSAGE（Graph SAmple and aggregate）模块与图池化相结合,提取出更具有代表性的一般性特征,使得C-GCN可以直接在高分辨率的组织学图像中学习特征,提高了模型的鲁棒性。     

基于多面部特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测算法

本文将卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）应用到视频理解中,提出一种基于多面部特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测算法.本文使用多任务级联卷积网络（Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks,MTCNN）定位驾驶员的嘴部、左眼,使用CNN从驾驶员嘴部、左眼图像中提取静态特征,结合CNN从嘴部、左眼光流图中提取动态特征进行训练分类.实验结果表明,该算法比只使用静态图像进行驾驶员疲劳检测效果更好,准确率达到87.4%,而且可以很好地区别在静态图像中很相似的打哈欠和讲话动作.     

基于深度学习的鱼类分类算法研究

回顾近年来国内外对鱼类分类的研究进展,指出传统方法存在的缺陷。深度学习是目前图像分类的主流方法。研究基于卷积神经网络CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)的鱼类分类模型,并以该模型为基础,进一步提出利用迁移学习,以预训练网络的特征结合SVM算法(Pre CNN+SVM)的混合分类模型。实验以Fish4-Knowledge(F4 K)作为数据集,使用Tensor Flow训练网络模型。实验结果表明,利用Pre CNN+SVM算法,取得了98.6%的准确率,较传统方法有显著提高。对于小规模数据集,有效解决了需要人工提取特征的不可迁移性。     

基于生成对抗网络的乳腺癌病理图像可疑区域标记

本论文针对乳腺癌病理图像分析提出新的方法进行图像特征提取和可疑区域标记。由于深度神经网络,例如 VGG,GoogleNet,ResNet 等,均需要大量的标注样本才能完成训练,而医疗影像图像的标记成本很高,并不能为训练复杂的网络提供足够的训练数据。本论文借鉴生成对抗网络(Generative Adversarial Network, GAN) 的思想,提出基于弱监督学习的病理图像可疑区域标记网络,首先利用少量有标记的病理图像数据来训练分类模型,即判断该图像是否是乳腺癌,然后通过融合该网络提取到的具有判别力的特征来对可疑区域进行标记。由本文提出的网络在已有的国外乳腺癌病理图像数据集上达到的平均准确率为 83.8%,比基于卷积神经网络 (Convolutional Neural Network,CNN) 的分类方法在准确率上分别高 3 个百分点,说明该网络提取到的特征具有更好的判别力,不仅能够提高分类模型的准确率,还更有助于对病理图像的可疑区域进行标记。     

基于双池化特征加权结构CNN的图像分类

传统的池化方式会造成特征信息丢失,导致卷积神经网络中提取的特征信息不足。为了提高卷积神经网络在图像分类过程中的准确率,优化其学习性能,本文在传统池化方式的基础上提出一种双池化特征加权结构的池化算法,利用最大池化和平均池化2种方式保留更多的有价值的特征信息,并通过遗传算法对模型进行优化。通过训练不同池化方式的卷积神经网络,研究卷积神经网络在不同数据集上的分类准确率和收敛速度。实验在遥感图像数据集NWPU-RESISC45和彩色图像数据集Cifar-10上对采用几种池化方式的卷积神经网络分类结果进行对比验证,结果分析表明：双池化特征加权结构使得卷积神经网络的分类准确率有很大程度的提高,同时模型的收敛速度得到进一步提高。     

基于多通路CNN的多模态MRI神经胶质瘤分割

由于传统卷积神经网络CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks)受卷积核尺度的限制,容易丢失磁共振成像MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)脑肿瘤图像的全局信息,而且卷积、池化的过程会导致网络浅层的部分信息丢失,造成基于CNN的脑肿瘤分割特征信息不足,分割精度不高。针对上述问题,提出一种具有全局通路,同时结合网络浅层信息的多通路CNN模型,用来完成多模态MRI脑部神经胶质瘤的全自动分割任务。算法主要思想:将三维多模态MRI图像沿轴向切片化,在相同序列的切片上按比例选取尺度为33×33像素的图像块,得到训练集;将训练集图像块输入多通路CNN模型进行训练;将测试集输入训练好的模型,将脑肿瘤从脑部MRI图像中正确分割出来,并具体划分为坏死、水肿、增强和非增强四种区域,利用模型评估参数Dice系数、敏感度(Sensitivity)系数和特异度(Specificity)系数评测模型的质量。实验结果表明,该方法操作简单,能够有效地完成脑肿瘤的分割任务。     

基于深度学习的垃圾图片处理与识别

针对城市环境卫生提出的对市民生活垃圾进行分类回收的要求,考虑计算机卷积神经网络在图片分类中的强大表现,提出了基于深度学习中卷积神经网络对垃圾图片处理以及输出识别的新模型与方法。针对目前图像局部特征表达存在的复杂性,模糊性等不足,采用特征多层池化以及系统神经网络学习的方式进行优化。同时在ResNet101模型的基础上设计并构建了基于CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)算法的新模型框架,此系统模型也能实现端与端的实时识别。新模型提高了对训练样本图像信息提取的精确度以及图片识别的准确率,实验表明识别准确率平均提高了10%。为未来实现人工智能垃圾分类提供图像识别模型基础。     

基于多层次CNN特征融合的深度估计算法

由于在深度卷积网络中，深度估计的最终结果往往只利用到了网络的高层特征信息，对于底层特征的信息难以利用。为了解决这个问题，提出融合多层次特征的CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)深度估计方法。高层特征一般包含了图像整体的空间结构信息，而底层特征往往会包含大量的物体细节信息。网络对于底层特征的信息利用不足，造成深度估计的效果比较模糊。为了解决这一问题，采用融合多层次特征的方法，通过设定特定的网络结构，结合反卷积和池化方法，融合不同层次的CNN特征，使得网络能够同时利用底层与高层信息进行深度估计。通过在KITTI与ApolloScape数据集上的实验证明，该方法有效地提高了深度估计的精度。     

结合改进CNN和双线性模型的CBIR方法

针对现有基于内容的图像检索（Content-Based Image Retrieval,CBIR）方法中图像特征维度较大等问题,提出一种结合改进卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）和双线性模型的CBIR方法。采用一种低维度池化方法代替传统CNN中的池化过程,以此降低图像特征映射的维度。基于双线性模型的思想,使用两个特征提取器进行特征提取,并在每个图像位置上对两个特征进行内积,以形成最终的图像描述符。通过计算图像间的曼哈顿距离度量来评估相似性,获得相关图像及其排序。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确检索出相关图像,并具有较低的检索时间和内存消耗。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.