安徽省涉粮场所近期储粮虫螨调查

为了解安徽省储粮虫螨发生种类及分布特征,并制订该地区害虫防治策略提供依据,分别于2016和2017年对安徽省内59个涉粮相关场所进行储粮虫螨现场调查。在安徽省共采集到储粮昆虫7目28科51种,其中鞘翅目种类最多,共40种。按发生频率高低,主要害虫发生种类有：米象Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus),锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens),赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius),发生频率分别为100%、76.3%、66.1%、64.4%。储粮昆虫主要发生场所为加工厂,并且种类丰富,约占发现总种类的88%,在粮库、加工厂和农户三种类型的调查点中,储粮害虫主要发生的种类基本一致。省内不同地区主要发生种类一致,但发生频率差异较为明显。采集到螨类共8种,共鉴定出5种。此外,安徽省储粮害虫天敌种类丰富,主要有寄生蜂、拟蝎及捕食螨。     

山东省储粮昆虫种类分布调查研究

储粮昆虫调查(虫调)是做好害虫防治工作的基础,摸清储粮昆虫的种类、发生场所及分布状况,可以有计划性的采取防治对策,有效的保证粮食安全,减少害虫为害损失。于2016年对山东省7市中央及地方储备库18个、粮食加工厂11个、饲料厂6个、中储棉储备库1个,粮油购销有限公司1个,粮食收购点1个和若干农户等储粮场所的储粮昆虫种类和发生状况进行了调查,并列出了涉及的储粮昆虫名录。调查结果显示：在山东省调查对象中发现储藏物昆虫种类涉及6个目,32个科,合计66种。其中鞘翅目昆虫21个科53种,鳞翅目昆虫6个科8种,还有膜翅目2种,革翅目、双翅目、拟蝎目各1种。     

京津地区储粮虫螨种类调查分析（网络首发、推荐阅读）

为了解第四储粮生态区京津地区储粮虫螨的种类及发生情况,以制订害虫防治策略提供依据,分别于2016和2017年对北京、天津地区涉粮相关场所进行了储粮虫螨现场调查。北京地区共采集到3个目、12个科的19种储粮昆虫以及3种螨类,其中玉米象Sitophilus zeamais（Motschulsky）、麦蛾Sitotroga cerealella（Olivier）、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum（Herbst）、印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella （Hübner）最为普遍;天津地区共采集到3个目、13个科的22种储粮昆虫以及4种螨类,其中玉米象Sitophilus zeamais（Motschulsky）、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum（Herbst）、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis（Linnaeus）、黑粉虫Tenebrio obscurus Fabricius最为普遍。     

河北省储粮昆虫与螨类分布调查

2016年8月份在河北省张家口、石家庄、邯郸、秦皇岛等4个地级市粮库、加工厂、农户等25个场所进行了现场采集。共采集到5个目38种储粮昆虫,其中鞘翅目Coleoptera 16个科29种、膜翅目Hymenoptera 4个科4种、鳞翅目Lepidoptera 3个科3种、啮虫目Corrodentia 1个科1种、半翅目Hemiptera1个科1种,同时发现3个目5个科7种储粮螨类。从采集结果来看,河北省储粮场所中嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus)、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestesferrugineus(Stephens)、土耳其扁谷盗Cryptolestesturcicus(Grouville)、赤拟谷盗Triboliumcastaneum(Herbst)、谷蠹Rhyzoperthadominica(Fabricius)、玉米象Sitophiluszeamais Motschulsky、米象Sitophilusoryzae(Linnaeus)等储粮害虫分布最为普遍,米象小蜂Lariophagus distinguendus(Duftschmid)等天敌昆虫也分布广泛。     

赤拟谷盗与锯谷盗产卵及幼虫期发育竞争研究

昆虫产卵及幼虫期发育情况对昆虫种群数量变化具有十分重要的影响。分别研究了在28℃、RH75%条件下不同起始虫数的赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗成虫单独及混合饲养子代成虫种群数量变化情况。研究发现混合饲养时赤拟谷盗的子代成虫数量较单独饲养时高,锯谷盗子代成虫数量单独与混合饲养时无明显差别。单独饲养与混合饲养时2种储粮害虫子代成虫数量回归方程的拟合度均较好。     

紫光灯对储粮害虫引诱效果的评价

为探讨紫光灯对储粮害虫的引诱作用,本文在试验室内测试了2种紫光灯对赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗和印度谷螟的引诱效果。结果显示,自第12～60h起,白色、黑色紫光灯对赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗和印度谷螟的引诱数量均超过对照区的虫数,并且至试验结束时紫光灯的引诱数量持续增加。通过对比5d的总诱捕率发现,白色紫光灯引诱印度谷螟的数量显著高于赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗的数量,而黑色紫光灯对害虫引诱活性的排序为印度谷螟〉赤拟谷盗〉杂拟谷盗;黑色紫光灯对赤拟谷盗和印度谷螟的引诱活性高于白色紫光灯,而白色紫光灯对杂拟谷盗的引诱活性高于黑色紫光灯。     

6种主要储粮害虫成虫的耐饥饿能力研究

研究了不同饥饿条件下6种重要储粮害虫赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、米象、谷蠹和烟草甲成虫的耐饥饿能力。研究结果表明,对于羽化后1周龄的6种储粮害虫成虫,赤拟谷盗和烟草甲成虫耐饥饿能力较强,耐饥饿时间可达到30 d以上,其次为锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹成虫,耐饥饿时间可达到15 d以上,米象成虫耐饥性最弱,7 d后死亡率即达到100%。食物气味对参试成虫的耐饥饿能力具有一定影响,其影响作用大小与储粮害虫种类有关。锈赤扁谷盗成虫的耐饥饿能力受食物气味影响最大,有食物气味存在时其存活时间可以延长7 d。本研究结果对科学实施储粮害虫综合治理具有重要意义。     

锈赤扁谷盗等3种菌食性储粮害虫的发生分布调查

在中国主要储粮生态区的海南、广东、云南、福建、浙江、湖南、湖北、河南、山东、辽宁、山西和黑龙江等12个省77个地市,现场采集调查了具有代表性的粮库、小麦粉厂、米厂、饲料加工厂和农户等共计505个。在所有调查的12个省内均有米扁虫和锈赤扁谷盗分布发生,除湖南省、山西省和黑龙江省外其余各调查省份均采集到小蕈甲。从发现害虫的单位总个数与调查单位的总个数之比(发现比率)看,米扁虫、小蕈甲和锈赤扁谷盗的发现比率分别为18.81%、11.48%、45.94%,锈赤扁谷盗的发现比率远高于米扁虫和小蕈甲的发现比率。比较不同省份中调查害虫分布发生的广泛性可看出,在海南省调查锈赤扁谷盗的发现比率与米扁虫和小蕈甲的发现比率相似,在山东省锈赤扁谷盗的发现比率略低于米扁虫发现比率,在黑龙江省的锈赤扁谷盗发现比率与米扁虫发现比率一致,其他所调查诸省份中锈赤扁谷盗的发现比率(14.29%～69.81%)显著高于米扁虫(3.03%～36.17%)和小蕈甲(0～33.92%),在我国主要储粮生态区多数省份中锈赤扁谷盗的分布发生程度远大于米扁虫和小蕈甲。     

空仓内干法喷施食品级惰性粉杀虫效果评价

针对目前用于防治储粮害虫的空仓杀虫剂效果差,易增加储粮害虫的抗药性,对操作人员身体危害大等问题,在空仓环境内进行了国内自行研制移动式喷粉机干法喷施食品级惰性粉对谷蠹、玉米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗等5种储粮害虫成虫的防治效果测试。结果表明,喷粉机施药效果好,药剂形成尘雾分散均匀,在仓房各个方位无明显差异,形成的药膜可在3天内100%杀死供试的储粮害虫成虫。     

多杀菌素纳米水剂防治两种储粮害虫的应用研究

采用拌粮法对已感染锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的稻谷原粮进行处理,以明确多杀菌素新剂型对两种储粮害虫的杀虫效果。实验结果表明,锯谷盗对多杀菌素纳米水剂的敏感性低于锈赤扁谷盗,供试药剂对锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的最高校正死亡率分别为71.70%和90.29%。测定了不同浓度的多杀菌素纳米水剂与甲基嘧啶磷乳油复配防治效果,结果表明,锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的校正死亡率分别在82.90%和97.95%以上,均显著高于单剂使用多杀菌素纳米水剂的防治效果。研究发现多杀菌素纳米水剂的防治效果受昆虫种类、药剂浓度、处理时间和环境温度等因素的影响。在实际应用中,可结合多种影响因素,改进应用技术,综合制定防治策略,有效防治储粮害虫。     

2019 年中日稻米产业科技研讨会特约专栏

<正>专栏主持孙辉:博士,研究员,国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院粮食品质营养研究所所长。兼任国际标准化组织ISO TC34/SC4(谷物与豆类分会)主席,中国粮油学会发酵面食分会副会长,全国粮油标准化技术委员会委员,《粮油食品科技》第四届编委会委员。在粮食品质和标准等方面主持了多项科研项目,完成14项国际标准、25项国家标准、14项粮食行业标准。多次获得"中国粮油学会"科     

Temporal changes in stored-product insect populations associated with boot,pit, and load-out areas of grain elevators and feed mills

Commercial grain elevator and feed mill facilities can quickly become infested with stored-product insect pests, compromising the protection of the stored raw and processed cereal products. Elevators and feed mills were sampled monthly for adult stored-product insects in grain residues from the boot-pit areas and in bulk load-out samples from 2009 to 2010. The grain samples collected from the boot, pit, and load-out areas consisted of corn, soybeans, or a mixture of the two grains. Low insect densities were found in the boot-pit area during the cool winter months. Insect numbers increased in the spring and peaked during the warm summer months, prior to declining in the fall following a pattern of higher insect densities during higher ambient temperatures. The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), was the most prevalent species collected in all of the sampled grain residues, representing 69.2 and 35.8% of total insects collected in feed mills and elevators, respectively, during 2009 and was also commonly collected in 2010. Other commonly collected insect species included, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); and sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus). Our results showed that failing to clean out boot residual grain and a lack of sanitation of the pit area resulted in high numbers of insects that were transferred through the elevator leg to other locations within a facility. We conclude that the lack of sanitation at elevator and feed mill facilities allowed high numbers of insects to develop.     

中高温储粮区粮堆表层捕食性螨种类初探

捕食性螨多以粉螨科(Acaridae)、食甜螨科(Glycyphagidae)的螨类和仓储害虫为食。普通肉食螨(Cheyletus eruditus Schrank)、马六甲肉食螨(Cheyletus malaccensis Ouds)等捕食性螨因喜欢捕食腐食酪螨(Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank)、椭圆粉螨(Aleuroglyphus ovatus Ovatus),杂拟谷盗(Tribolium confusum Jac.du Val.)、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum Herbst)的卵、幼虫等储粮害虫,成为生物防治的天敌应用。近年来,我国储粮技术不断提高,储粮环境也得到极大的改善,粮堆中主要储粮害虫种类也发生了较大变化,为探索中温和高温储粮区粮堆表层捕食性螨种类,采用瓦楞纸板诱捕法对中温和高温储粮区的20个粮库进行了捕食性螨种类调查。研究结果表明,中高温储粮区粮堆表层存在跗蠊螨(Blattisocius tarsalis Berlese)、基氏蠊螨(Blattisocius keegani Fox)、普通肉食螨(C.eruditus)、马六甲肉食螨(C.malaccensis)等4种捕食性螨。     

中国储粮昆虫2005年最新名录

根据2004～2005年调查,共采集记录中国储粮昆虫(包括天敌)270种,其中害虫226种,储粮害虫天敌44种。它们隶属于2纲,12目,54科。其中属于昆虫纲的种类有:鞘翅目昆虫31科;鳞翅目昆虫6科;膜翅目昆虫5科;蜚蠊目、半翅目、双翅目昆虫各2科;啮虫目、缨尾目、等翅目、革翅目昆虫各1科。属于蛛形纲的种类有:拟蝎目的伪蝎科;蛛形目的壁钱科。     

储藏物害虫智能化监测与预警系统研究进展

目前我国粮食储备库智能化建设的基础设施比较完善,但对于虫霉的智能监测和预警系统建设还缺少系统的研究。为了保证国家粮食安全,提升粮食智能化管理水平,对目前储粮行业常见的基于图像识别、红外光电、声学检测、电容传感器等技术的储粮害虫智能化监测与预警系统进行总结,比较各个技术的优点与局限。当前,提高智能化监测系统的数据集容量、计数准确率和识别精度是关键技术,结合多场耦合效应建立多种因素影响害虫的种群增长数学模型,并建立相应的专家决策系统,形成检测、预警、防治的产业链是未来智能化粮库发展的方向。综述最新的研究成果,以期对推进我国储粮行业的智能化粮库建设有所帮助。     

2.5%菜喜悬浮剂(spinosad)对三种储粮害虫的毒力测定

用药膜法室内测定了新型生物杀虫剂2.5%菜喜悬浮剂(主要成分为多杀菌素,spinosad)对储粮害虫嗜虫书虱、米象、锯谷盗的作用效果。结果表明菜喜对嗜虫书虱、锯谷盗和米象触杀毒力LC50分别为0.0022、0.0046、0.0059mg/m2。对书虱的防治效果明显高于对其他两种储粮害虫的防治效果。本试验结果对多杀菌素在储粮害虫防治方面的合理应用提供了基本依据。     

Stored grain pest prevalence and insecticide resistance in Egyptian populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.)

As a consequence of the widespread use of insecticides against insect pests in grain warehouses and in the food industry, insecticide resistance has greatly increased among these species all over the world. Nonetheless, insecticide resistance in stored grain insects in Egypt was little studied. Therefore, our study aimed to forecast infestation risks and determine the insecticide resistance level in Egyptian populations of the main insect pests of stored grains. To achieve this goal, we surveyed the populations of stored-product insects in wheat in two different sites in the Alexandria governorate (Egypt) between June and August 2017. Moreover, insecticide resistance levels in Egyptian populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) collected from wheat storage facilities (granaries and flour mills) in Alexandria governorate were also determined. Three contact insecticides, namely malathion, pirimiphos-methyl and cypermethrin, were tested. Tarsal contact bioassays on filter paper were carried out on adults following FAO methods and concentration-mortality lines were estimated to determine the resistance ratios for each insecticide and population. The data from the monitoring of insects revealed that T. castaneum and S. oryzae were the most common species infesting wheat in both Alexandria granaries and mills. Populations of S. oryzae were generally more resistant to malathion than the populations of T. castaneum. However, T. castaneum populations were more resistant to pirimiphos-methyl than the S. oryzae populations. Both populations of T. castaneum and S. oryzae were susceptible to cypermethrin. The detected levels of insecticide resistance indicate that this phenomenon takes place and should be a concern in Egyptian populations of T. castaneum and S. oryzae requiring monitoring and design of resistance management practices.     

基于视频检测的储粮害虫死亡评估算法的研究

在我国,如何对杀虫效果进行评估,以提高防治措施的有效性和经济性,是粮库在害虫防治方面亟待解决的一个问题。目前,我国一些粮库已经安装了储粮害虫图像采集装置,因此本研究提出一种基于视频检测的储粮害虫死亡评估算法,用来检测杀虫过程中害虫死亡的具体数量变化情况。算法的核心是基于深度卷积神经网络的双流法网络,综合图像目标检测算法和两帧差分法进行识别,实现视频数据中害虫的定位与识别。测试结果表明本算法可有效检测储粮害虫的死亡情况,检测平均正确率可以达到89.3%。     

Diversity and community structure of insect pests developing in stored sorghum in the Northern-Sudan ecological zone of Burkina Faso

Stored insect pests often create major problems for farmers worldwide. Comprehensive data of insect pests of stored sorghum in Burkina Faso are scarce. Understanding the population structure of insect fauna infesting stored sorghum is important for development of management strategy. Sorghum panicles were collected from January to September 2011 in farmers' granaries in the Northern-Sudanian ecological zone of Burkina Faso to determine the diversity of insect pests and their importance in post-harvest losses. A total of 14 species of insect pests were recorded, including twelve coleopteran and two lepidopteran species. Species diversity peaked between May and September. The highest insect diversity was recorded in sorghum stored in straw granaries and on red coloured grains when compared with that of sorghum stored in mud granaries and on white coloured grains. Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) appears to be the primary insect pest followed by secondary pests including Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky). The distribution pattern of the pests in granaries corresponds to the Mandelbrot model in which colonization of species in an environment depends on the physical conditions of that environment and on the species currently present, which suggest a progressive colonization occurs in waves with stocks of grain.