基于OpenCV的遥操作工程机器人双目视觉定位技术

针对当前遥操作工程机器人双目视觉定位技术匹配精准度低,导致定位误差过大的问题,提出种基于OpenCV改进的遥操作工程机器人双目视觉定位技术。在分析HSV色彩空间后,建立适合工程机器人的颜色特征识别空间体系,通过分析图像特征及运动坐标确定圆形光点,利用提供的靶点目标,创建模板后通过双目视觉获取具有靶点特征的其他图像,将图像代入OpenCV技术函数库中。在OpenCV技术函数库中通过光流法对图像进行函数匹配,应用将目标的背景模型与图像的处理方式分割开来,提取背景与干扰因素的全部信息,利用二值化阈值处理运动目标的形态,实现无干扰图像显示,确保定位结果的准确性。实验结果表明,基于OpenCV的遥操作工程机器人双目视觉定位技术能够有效提高匹配精度,降低定位误差,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于双目视觉的矿井外因火灾感知与定位方法

针对目前矿井外因火灾监测方法大都没有火源定位功能的问题,提出了基于双目视觉的矿井外因火灾感知与定位方法。在有电缆、胶带和机电设备的巷道、硐室及采掘工作面多点设置矿用可见光双目摄像机或近红外双目摄像机,采集监控区域图像;对采集到的图像进行预处理,通过阈值分割得到二值化图像;计算图像中的圆形度、矩形度和尖角数量,根据圆形度、矩形度和尖角数量对图像进行火焰识别,若图像检测区域有火焰,发出火灾报警信号,并融合温度、烟雾、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氧气和红外传感器信息,提高报警准确性;通过矿用可见光双目摄像机或近红外双目摄像机对火源进行测距,结合摄像机位置对火源进行定位,并输出火源位置信息,控制火源附近灭火装置灭火。也可采用远红外双目摄像机进行火灾感知和火源定位,但成本高。基于双目视觉的矿井外因火灾感知与定位方法既可感知火灾又可定位火源,具有监控范围广、成本低、响应快、可视化等优点,解决了矿井外因火灾火源定位的难题。     

嵌入式双目立体视觉测距系统

设计和研究了一种基于S3C2440硬件平台和嵌入式Linux双目立体视觉测距系统.该系统通过使用两个USB摄像头同步采集图像数据,并利用OpenCV对采集的两幅图像的数据进行处理,计算目标物在两幅图像中的像素偏差,进而算出目标物到摄像头平面的距离,在论文中以车牌作为目标物.同时该系统用Qt/Embedded实现LED实时显示图像和数据.整个系统建立在嵌入式架构上,能独立完成图像采集,数据处理,实时显示等功能.只要改变定位算法,则能测出任意目标物的距离.     

基于双目视觉的选煤厂用胶带输送机表面异物检测

目前所采用的选煤厂用胶带输送机表面异物检测方法在实际应用时,由于选煤厂内外因素影响,导致对于不同类别的异物识别和分类精度低。针对该问题,提出一种基于双目视觉的选煤厂用胶带输送机表面异物检测方法。设计了基于双目视觉的输送带异物检测装置,将摄像机与工业相机组合成双目视觉系统,系统采集图像后,利用中值滤波算法对图像进行去噪,获取稳定的图像信息。采用YOLOv3进行异物识别预测,计算边界框和锚框数值信息,并根据上述数值信息调整计算定位准确度,实现异物检测。实验结果表明：与传统的基于Mask＿R-CN的检测方法相比,提出的方法对胶带输送机表面异物的识别筛选准确率超过96.2%,分类准确率超过97.6%。     

基于Blob算法的机器视觉系统设计与实现

本文设计了一种基于Blob分析的智能机器人视觉系统.在此基础上提出识别规则物体的方法,利用不变矩、图形的面积和周长比来识别物体的形状,并采用Blob算法求取目标物的中心坐标及其任一斜边与坐标轴之间的夹角,从而识别出规定形状的物体,实现对微小或缓慢运动的目标物的定位.系统选用VCSBC4018智能摄像机来完成场景图像的采集及量化任务,并利用其自带的嵌入式操作系统及开发平台编写相应的目标识别与定位程序.实验结果表明,该系统能满足实际项目中对目标姿态信息的需要,目标识别准确率达到100%,定位相对误差小于4%.     

双目视觉的图像采集模块设计

双目立体视觉是计算机视觉的一个重要分支[1],可以用于获取三维空间中的目标的位置信息(包括距离信息).而图像采集是整个双目视觉系统的基础,改善图像采集的性能可以改善系统的整体性能.基于Zynq-7000芯片将ARM和FPGA集成为一体的特征,讨论了基于该芯片设计实现的双目视觉的图像采集模块.通过在Zynq-7000芯片的FPGA部分设计实现的采集模块与DMA模块的协同工作,提高了图像采集与传输的效率,减轻了CPU的负担,提高了整个视觉系统的性能.     

基于SURF算法的单目转双目视觉定位

针对三维空间中目标物体定位的问题,提出了一种结构简单、操作方便、性价比较高的单摄像机实现双目立体视觉定位的方法.在对目标物体的识别和定位中,利用各方面性能和指标都比较好的SURF算法对所获取的图像进行特征点的提取和匹配.实验结果表明,文中使用的基于SURF算法的单目转双目视觉定位的方法,不论是在定位的精度,还是在时间速度方面都表现出了很好的可行性与实用性,具有一定的现实利用价值.     

一种基于双目视觉传感器的遮挡目标期望抓取点识别与定位方法

在不确定性较高的室内复杂场景中,机器人常需识别遮挡物体并对其抓取.遮挡问题会导致抓取点预估位置脱离目标,产生位置漂移.针对该问题,本文提出一种基于双目视觉的遮挡目标抓取点识别与定位策略.采用基于期望位置模型的方法估计,以特征检测进行遮挡目标识别,并进行轮廓还原;根据期望抓取点模型,采集目标的期望抓取位置,构建位置模型库.将待检测目标与模型库匹配,提取双目视野中未遮挡区域的期望抓取点.实验表明本方法在复杂环境下具有较高的鲁棒性,抗干扰能力强,对遮挡目标具有较高的定位精度.     

嵌入式双目图像采集系统设计

针对嵌入式系统的双目图像采集,给出了基于STM32硬件平台和嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II软件平台的图像采集系统设计。并且采用应用AL422B视频缓存芯片、四线制电阻触摸屏和SD卡实现图像采集、显示、存储功能。实验结果表明,该系统具有较好的实时性,采集到的图像对于进行进一步图像处理有重要的实际意义。     

基于SURF特征点的自主空中加油定位研究

针对硬式空中加油技术中加油插座的定位问题,提出了一种结合SURF(Speeded-up Robust Features)特征点的双目立体视觉定位方法,确定了加油插座的空间位置,实现伸缩管和加油插座的精确对准。基于SURF匹配算法,对双目视觉系统采集的左右图像进行目标检测,并获取匹配目标的SURF特征点,通过空间误匹配点对的剔除和目标点坐标的计算,确定左右图像中具有空间位置一致性的目标点(即加油插座),从而恢复目标点的三维信息。实验结果表明,结合SURF方法能够有效地对加油插座的空间位置进行定位,具有一定的实用价值。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。